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A diagram of the human ear. It is divided into the outer ear - A, middle ear - B, and inner ear - C. 1: ear trumpet or pinna, 2: outer ear passage with the drum that vibrates when sound waves hit it or the tympanum (3) across the inner ear, 4-5-6: the ear ossicles: hammer (malleus) anvil (incus) and stirrup (stapes) which transmit vibrations from the drum to the inner ear (they are also the smallest bones in the body), 7: the Eustachian tube, which connects to the mouth and through which air can indirectly enter, 8: largest chamber in the inner ear, called the utriculus, that has three semicircular canals, 9: the smallest chamber, called the sacculus, which is connected to the cochlea (10) which is the important hearing organ, 11: a "window" in the periotic bone, called the fenestra rotunda, 12: the endolymphatic duct.

Human Ear

A diagram of the human ear. It is divided into the outer ear - A, middle ear - B, and inner ear - C.…

Nerve Ganglia, or Knots (sing. Ganglion; Knot) occur as collections of nerve cells on the course of a nerve, forming and obvious swelling. In surgery, it is the swelling caused by the collection of fluid in the fibrous sheath which surrounds a tendon. It arises from inflammation of the tendon-sheath, and occurs most often at the back of the wrist. Sometimes the cyst may be broken by firm pressure or by a smart blow, and the fluid be thus dispersed; or a puncture may be made, with proper antiseptic precautions, and the fluid be pressed out. Sometimes counter-irritation with iodine causes absorption. In any case, firm pressure with pad and bandage must be used afterwards, to prevent refilling until the cyst walls have united. This illustration shows a cross-section of a spinal cord and spinal nerve cells (g being ganglia).

Nerve Ganglia (Spinal)

Nerve Ganglia, or Knots (sing. Ganglion; Knot) occur as collections of nerve cells on the course of…

This illustration shows a Clermont Gargoyle in France. Gargoyles, in Gothic architecture, are spouts projecting from the gutters of a building which carry the rain-water clear of the walls. Gargoyles are usually carved into different forms (animal, human, demonic, grotesque) and serve as a distinguishing feature of ecclesiastical architecture.

Clermont Gargoyle

This illustration shows a Clermont Gargoyle in France. Gargoyles, in Gothic architecture, are spouts…

This illustration shows a Paris Gargoyle in France. Gargoyles, in Gothic architecture, are spouts projecting from the gutters of a building which carry the rain-water clear of the walls. Gargoyles are usually carved into different forms (animal, human, demonic, grotesque) and serve as a distinguishing feature of ecclesiastical architecture.

Paris Gargoyle

This illustration shows a Paris Gargoyle in France. Gargoyles, in Gothic architecture, are spouts projecting…

This illustration shows a Lincoln Gargoyle. Gargoyles (featured primarily in in Gothic architecture) are spouts projecting from the gutters of a building which carry the rain-water clear of the walls. Gargoyles are usually carved into different forms (animal, human, demonic, grotesque) and serve as a distinguishing feature of ecclesiastical architecture.

Lincoln Gargoyle

This illustration shows a Lincoln Gargoyle. Gargoyles (featured primarily in in Gothic architecture)…

This illustration shows the first stage in the manufacturing of glue. The material used for making the glue (either animal bone or hide) is soaked in a milk of lime (or in some cases, Hydrochloric or Sulfurous acid) to purify and loosen particles.

First Stage in Glue Manufacturing

This illustration shows the first stage in the manufacturing of glue. The material used for making the…

This illustration shows a cross mill and the sieves used to crush and filter bones in glue manufacturing.

Cross Mill and Sieves (Glue)

This illustration shows a cross mill and the sieves used to crush and filter bones in glue manufacturing.

This illustration shows a wash box used for removing lime from materials used in glue manufacturing.

Wash Box for Removing Lime

This illustration shows a wash box used for removing lime from materials used in glue manufacturing.

The Great Kangaroo, or 'boomer', or 'old man' (Macropus giganteus), attains a height of about five feet when standing upright. The fore limbs are very short, the hind long, with powerful, elongated feet. The fore limbs bear five digits armed with strong claws; the hind have only four. The head is small, with pointed muzzle and large ears. In accordance with its purely vegetarian habits, canine teeth are absent in the adult. The incisors are powerful, with a cutting edge. The fur is soft and woolly, and lighter in tint below than above. In the female there is a large pouch, in which the young are placed at birth, and become attached by their immature months to the nipples. At this time they are minute -- not more than an inch in length -- and, being to immature to suck, have milk pumped into them by their mother. They remain withing the pouch until able to run by the side of the parent. Not until some eight or nine months after birth are they left to shift entirely for themselves. Only one young one is produced at a birth. As regards internal organs, the stomach is large and complex, and the characteristic marsupial or epipubic bones are present.

Great Kangaroo

The Great Kangaroo, or 'boomer', or 'old man' (Macropus giganteus), attains a height of about five feet…

This illustration shows a section of a human kidney (A, Cortical substance; B, Pyramids; C, Hilum; D, Pelvis; E, Ureter; F, Suprarenal capsule). Kidneys are excretory organs whose function is to get rid of nitrogenous waste.

Section of Human Kidney

This illustration shows a section of a human kidney (A, Cortical substance; B, Pyramids; C, Hilum; D,…

This illustration shows a section on the knee (A, Femur; B, Tibia; C, Patella; D, Synovial sac; E, bursæ). The knee is a hinge-joint, and the bones entering into its formation are the lower end of the femur, the upper end of the tibia, and the posterior surface of the patella (knee-cap).

Section of the Knee

This illustration shows a section on the knee (A, Femur; B, Tibia; C, Patella; D, Synovial sac; E, bursæ).…

Moloch (or Mo'lech) is the name of an ancient deity which was worshipped by the Ammonites. The Israelites also worshiped this idol for a time. Human sacrifices were the primary offering made to Moloch.

Moloch Being Worshipped

Moloch (or Mo'lech) is the name of an ancient deity which was worshipped by the Ammonites. The Israelites…

This illustration shows a human leg (front view), and comparative diagrams showing modifications of the leg: 1. Human, 2. Ox, 3. Horse, 4. Bird, 5. Frog, 6. Crocodile, 7. Seal, 8. Dog, 9. Bear P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis.

Human Leg (Front View), and Comparative Diagrams showing Modifications of the Leg

This illustration shows a human leg (front view), and comparative diagrams showing modifications of…

This illustration shows a front view of a human leg. P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis.

Human Leg (Front View)

This illustration shows a front view of a human leg. P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA.…

This illustration shows a side view of a human leg. P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis.

Human Leg (Side View)

This illustration shows a side view of a human leg. P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA.…

From the ninth to seventh century BCE in northern Iraq.

Human headed winged lion

From the ninth to seventh century BCE in northern Iraq.

The ancient idol Nisroch, the god of agriculture, in human form with a bow and arrow.

Ancient idol

The ancient idol Nisroch, the god of agriculture, in human form with a bow and arrow.

Ashtaroth, or Astarte, was among the idols of Syria; this medal shows she was worshiped in Jerusalem. In her left hand she holds a staff, her right a human head and walks on a prostrate figure.

Astarte

Ashtaroth, or Astarte, was among the idols of Syria; this medal shows she was worshiped in Jerusalem.…

A coin of Hostilianus, with a figure standing with a blunt spear in his right hand and a human head in his left. The caduceus behind him, as well as his character, denotes him as Mercury.

Coin of Hostilianus

A coin of Hostilianus, with a figure standing with a blunt spear in his right hand and a human head…

Saint Matthew sitting an a cloth-covered table writing the Gospel. The Holy Spirit, represented as a dove, hovers over his shoulder. Books and a human skull rest on the table. The skull, presumably, is a reference to man, the Evangelist's traditional symbol.

Saint Matthew Writing

Saint Matthew sitting an a cloth-covered table writing the Gospel. The Holy Spirit, represented as a…

"And Tryphon made ready all his horsemen to come that night: but there fell a very great snow, and he came not into the country of Galaad. And when he approached to Bascama, he slew Jonathan and his sons there. And Tryphon returned, and went into his own country. And Simon sent, and took the bones of Jonathan his brother, and buried them in Modin, in the city of his fathers. And all Israel bewailed him with great lamentation: and they mourned for him many days. And Simon built over the sepulchre of his father and of his brethren, a building lofty to the sight, of polished stone behind and before: And he set up seven pyramids one against another for his father and his mother, and his four brethren: And round about these he set great pillars: and upon the pillars arms for a perpetual memory: and by the arms ships carved, which might be seen by all that sailed on the sea." 1 Maccabees 13:22-29 DRA <p>Procession carrying the remains of Jonathan into Modin.

Jonathan Mourned

"And Tryphon made ready all his horsemen to come that night: but there fell a very great snow, and he…

"But Peter said, Silver and gold have I none; but what I have, that give I thee. In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, walk. And he took him by the right hand, and raised him up: and immediately his feet and his ankle-bones received strength." Acts 3:6-7 ASV <p>Illustration of Peter and John walking up the temple steps and approaching a lame beggar. Peter has a halo over his head and reaches his right arm out over the beggar's head. The beggar looks up and reaches for Peter. He is holding his hat in his hand and his crutch has fallen on the steps. A woman holding a baby and walking with a small child ascends the stairs (left).

Peter Heals a Lame Beggar at the Temple

"But Peter said, Silver and gold have I none; but what I have, that give I thee. In the name of Jesus…

Illustration of Ignatius of Antioch, also called Ignatius Theophorus, tied to a post by his neck and wearing his bishop's robe. There are bones and scraps on the ground. One lion is sitting on the ground and looking up at Ignatius. The other lion is pouncing from behind. The arches and crowds of the Colosseum are visible in the background.

Ignatius of Antioch is Martyred by Being Fed to Lions

Illustration of Ignatius of Antioch, also called Ignatius Theophorus, tied to a post by his neck and…

"A, acromion; C, coracoid; CA, carpus; CL, clavicle; H, humerus; M, metacarpals; O, ventral surface of the scapula; P, phalanges, proximal row; R, radius; T, head of humerus; U, ulna." —Whitney, 1889

Bones of the Shoulder and Upper Extremity - Front View

"A, acromion; C, coracoid; CA, carpus; CL, clavicle; H, humerus; M, metacarpals; O, ventral surface…

"A tower, generally built about 25 feet high, on which the Parsees expose the bodies of their dead to be stripped of flesh by vultures. These towers are usually so arranged that the denuded bones fall through a grating into a pit, whence they are removed for burial." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>These towers were built by the Zoroastrians, of which the Parsees are one group. This image shows a tower with some bones and carrion surrounding it and hills in the background.

Tower of Silence Built by the Parsees

"A tower, generally built about 25 feet high, on which the Parsees expose the bodies of their dead to…

An illustration of a pichiciago, a small burrowing armadillo. The front half of the animal is covered in the endoskeleton. The back half of the animal is stripped of the outer skeleton so that the exoskeleton or dermoskeleton can be viewed. The scientific name of the pichiciago is <i>Chlamydophorus truncatus</i>.

Armadillo - Endoskeleton and Exoskeleton or Dermoskeleton

An illustration of a pichiciago, a small burrowing armadillo. The front half of the animal is covered…

"1. A drag or dray without wheels, but mounted on runners, for the conveyance of loads over frozen snow or ice, or over mud or the bare ground, as in transporting logs and heavy stones. Also sledge. 2. A pair of runners connected by a framework, used (sometimes with another pair) to carry loads or support the body of a vehicle, or, when of lighter build and supporting a light platform or seat, in the sport of coasting and for drawing light loads by hand." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>Illustration of a hand sled with a platform atop it and a rope with which to be pulled by a human or animal. Traditionally, these are not meant to be ridden, but used to convey materials.

Hand Sled or Sledge

"1. A drag or dray without wheels, but mounted on runners, for the conveyance of loads over frozen snow…

"Skull of <i>Spatularia</i>, with the long beak removed, the anterior (asc) and posterior (psc) semicircular canals exposed; Au, auditory chamber; Or, orbit of eye; N, nasal sac; Hy, hyoidean apparatus; Er, representatives of branchiostegal rays; Op, operculum; Mn, mandible; A, B, suspensorium; D, palatoquadrate cartilage; E, maxilla." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>Illustration of the exposed and labeled skull of a paddle-fish with the long beak removed.

The Skull of a Paddle-Fish with the Beak Removed

"Skull of Spatularia, with the long beak removed, the anterior (asc) and posterior (psc) semicircular…

"A trumpet-shaped instrument by which the sound of the human voice is reinforced so that it may be heard at a great distance or above other sounds, as in hailing ships at sea or giving orders at a fire. In the United States navy a speaking trumpet is the badge of the officer of the deck at sea... a, tube; b, bell; c, mouthpiece; d, rings for a band by which the trumpet may be attached to the person." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Speaking Trumpet

"A trumpet-shaped instrument by which the sound of the human voice is reinforced so that it may be heard…

"One of the numberless microscopic bodies contained in semen, to which the seminal fluid owes its vitality, and which are the immediate and active means of impregnating or fertilizing the ovum of the female... I. broadest view; II. profile, of k, kernel or nucleus of the head, and m, filamentous body, ending in s, the long slender tail." —Whitney, 1889

Human Spermatozoa

"One of the numberless microscopic bodies contained in semen, to which the seminal fluid owes its vitality,…

"A contrivance for measuring the extreme differential capacity of the human lungs. The instrument most commonly employed consists on an inverted chamber submerged in a water bath. The breath is conducted by a flexible pipe and internal tube so as to collect in the chamber, which rises in the water, and is fitted with an index which marks the cubic inches of air expired after a forced inspiration...a, is a small gas-holder containing an inverted vessel a'; b, index which shows on the scale c the number of cubic inches expired; d, manometer, which, when a' is held down, shows the pressure which the lungs can exert; e, plug-vent for outlet of the expired air; f, cock for outlet of water; g, tube through which the expiration is made." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Spirometer

"A contrivance for measuring the extreme differential capacity of the human lungs. The instrument most…

"But Peter said, Silver and gold have I none; but what I have, that give I thee. In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, walk. And he took him by the right hand, and raised him up: and immediately his feet and his ankle-bones received strength." Acts 3:6-7 ASV <p>Illustration of Peter holding the hand of a lame beggar. The man has just been healed and is standing. His left ankle is bound and he carries a crutch over his shoulder. A woman standing next to Peter is holding an infant. Several onlookers are visible in the image.

Peter Heals a Lame Beggar

"But Peter said, Silver and gold have I none; but what I have, that give I thee. In the name of Jesus…