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"The earliest implements of paleolithic type."—Myers, 1904

Paleolithic Implements

"The earliest implements of paleolithic type."—Myers, 1904

The primitive processes of making fire.

Making Fire

The primitive processes of making fire.

A portion of detail from a photograph of the Great Pyramid in Egypt.

Detail of the Great Pyramid

A portion of detail from a photograph of the Great Pyramid in Egypt.

"Supposed portrait of one of the overseers of the work on the Great Pyramid. This is one of the masterpieces of Egyptian sculpture."—Myers, 1904

The Sheikh-El-Beled

"Supposed portrait of one of the overseers of the work on the Great Pyramid. This is one of the masterpieces…

"Brick-making in Ancient Egypt."—Myers, 1904

Brick-Making

"Brick-making in Ancient Egypt."—Myers, 1904

A statue depiction of the servant for the Underworld.

Servant for the Underworld

A statue depiction of the servant for the Underworld.

"Showing the weighing of the heart of the deceased in the scales of truth."—Myers, 1904

The Judgment of the Dead

"Showing the weighing of the heart of the deceased in the scales of truth."—Myers, 1904

Canals used during ancient Babylonian times.

Ancient Babylonian Canals

Canals used during ancient Babylonian times.

Tablets used by children for writing exercises.

Writing Exercise Tablets

Tablets used by children for writing exercises.

Also known as a Lamassu. An ancient tutelary deity, often considered to be female.

An Assyrian Winged Bull

Also known as a Lamassu. An ancient tutelary deity, often considered to be female.

Assyrians flaying prisoners alive.

Assyrians Flaying Prisoners Alive

Assyrians flaying prisoners alive.

A depiction of the mythological combat between Achilles and Hector.

Combat Between Achilles and Hector

A depiction of the mythological combat between Achilles and Hector.

An ancient Greek boat with 50 oars.

Fifty-Oared Greek Boat

An ancient Greek boat with 50 oars.

Ancient Greek runners in the Olympic games.

Greek Runners

Ancient Greek runners in the Olympic games.

The coin of Cyrene, the mythological daughter of Hypseus, King of the Lapiths.

Coin of Cyrene

The coin of Cyrene, the mythological daughter of Hypseus, King of the Lapiths.

The coin of the ancient Greek city of Corinth.

Coin of Corinth

The coin of the ancient Greek city of Corinth.

A citizen-soldier of Ancient Greece.

Hoplite

A citizen-soldier of Ancient Greece.

A prominent Athenian statesman and member of the aristocratic family of the Alcmaeonidae.

Alcibiades

A prominent Athenian statesman and member of the aristocratic family of the Alcmaeonidae.

A Roman copy of an ancient Greek sculpture. The copy is made of marble, while the lost original sculpture is thought to have been bronze.

The Dying Gaul

A Roman copy of an ancient Greek sculpture. The copy is made of marble, while the lost original sculpture…

"The symbolic fasces borne by these officers were probably of Ertuscan origin. The Tarquins are said to have brought them to Rome along with other insignia of the kingly office."—Myers, 1904

Lictors with Fasces

"The symbolic fasces borne by these officers were probably of Ertuscan origin. The Tarquins are said…

"The representation shows the arrangement of the tiers or oars in a two-banked ship. In just what way the lines of rowers in triremes and quinqueremes were arranged is unknown."—Myers, 1904

Prow of a Roman War Ship

"The representation shows the arrangement of the tiers or oars in a two-banked ship. In just what way…

A luxurious couch used during the era of the Roman Empire.

Semicircular Dining Couch

A luxurious couch used during the era of the Roman Empire.

A common item of men's clothing during the Middle Ages. It is a short coat with short sleeves or shoulder pieces.

Tabard

A common item of men's clothing during the Middle Ages. It is a short coat with short sleeves or shoulder…

The heraldic charge of the eagle is one of the earliest charges. It holds the same rank that the lion maintains among beasts.

Eagle

The heraldic charge of the eagle is one of the earliest charges. It holds the same rank that the lion…

An ancient pen and ink holder.

Penner and Inkhorn

An ancient pen and ink holder.

"Shield of John de Hastings, K.G., Earl of Pembroke, Quatering De Hastings and De Valence, and impaling France ancient and England quarterly."—Aveling, 1891

Shield of John de Hastings

"Shield of John de Hastings, K.G., Earl of Pembroke, Quatering De Hastings and De Valence, and impaling…

An ancient Assyrian divider with an ornamental horse design.

Assyrian Divider 1

An ancient Assyrian divider with an ornamental horse design.

A decorative divider dating back from ancient Assyria.

Assyrian Divider 2

A decorative divider dating back from ancient Assyria.

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, showing four hunters.

Assyrian Wall Relief

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, showing four hunters.

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, depicting two hunters on a chariot.

Assyrian Chariot Wall Relief

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, depicting two hunters on a chariot.

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, depicting the symbol of a winged bull with the head of a human male.

Winged Bull

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, depicting the symbol of a winged bull with the head of a human male.

A wall relief of the ancient Assyrian lion. These sculptures were placed in doorways as protective entities.

Assyrian Lion

A wall relief of the ancient Assyrian lion. These sculptures were placed in doorways as protective entities.

The anemone fulgens flower is a dazzling scarlet color with a black central patch of stamens. This flower grows in Greece and southern Europe.

Anemone Fulgens Flower

The anemone fulgens flower is a dazzling scarlet color with a black central patch of stamens. This flower…

Fig is a fruit producing tree. The cultivation of figs goes back to ancient times. It is native to the Mediterranean region, Syria, eastern Persia, and Afghanistan.

Fruiting Branch of Fig

Fig is a fruit producing tree. The cultivation of figs goes back to ancient times. It is native to the…

Shown is a flower of perfect form and the crested variety of cyclamen persicum. The plant is native from Greece to Syria.

Cyclamen Persicum

Shown is a flower of perfect form and the crested variety of cyclamen persicum. The plant is native…

Illustrated a various ancient plows.

Ancient Plows

Illustrated a various ancient plows.

The flowers of the ice plant are small, whitish or varying to light rose color. It is native to South Africa, Greece, the Canary Islands, and south California. The flowers open in the sun.

Ice Plant

The flowers of the ice plant are small, whitish or varying to light rose color. It is native to South…

Pictured is an ancient olive tree in an orchard in the south of France.

Ancient Olive Tree

Pictured is an ancient olive tree in an orchard in the south of France.

An illustration of an outdoor scene in ancient Arabia. Pictured are camels, shepherds, and others going about their miscellaneous tasks.

A Scene In Arabia

An illustration of an outdoor scene in ancient Arabia. Pictured are camels, shepherds, and others going…

An array of miscellaneous ancient armors. The image depicts (1) a cuirass, often referred to as a coat of mail, (2) a helmet, (3) the shield, and (4), the greaves.

Arms and Armor

An array of miscellaneous ancient armors. The image depicts (1) a cuirass, often referred to as a coat…

An array of weapons used in ancient times (some of which are still used today). Among these weapons are a shortbow, a longbow, a battle axe, several spears, an arrow, and several swords.

Arms and Armor: Weapons

An array of weapons used in ancient times (some of which are still used today). Among these weapons…

An image of the Acropolis, as it was, seated in Athens, Greece. The Acropolis is an ancient, famed citadel that rests on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens, and is a part of the World Heritage List.

The Acropolis

An image of the Acropolis, as it was, seated in Athens, Greece. The Acropolis is an ancient, famed citadel…

Eight styles of beards from ancient Egyptian paintings.

Egyptian Beards

Eight styles of beards from ancient Egyptian paintings.

Grouping of ancient scrolls, writing pens, and inkstand.

Ancient Scrolls

Grouping of ancient scrolls, writing pens, and inkstand.

An ancient crown/turban.

ancient crown/turban

An ancient crown/turban.

The gonfalon, gonfalone (from the early Italian confalone) is a type of heraldic flag or banner, often pointed, swallow-tailed, or with several streamers, and suspended from a crossbar in an identical manner to the ancient Roman vexillum.

Gonfanon

The gonfalon, gonfalone (from the early Italian confalone) is a type of heraldic flag or banner, often…

This illustration shows various types of gladiators, each type with with his specific weapons attributed to him. Gladiators were swordsmen whose profession was to fight for the public amusement. Gladiators are said to have been borrowed by Rome from the Etruscans. They were first exhibited in Rome in 246 BC, primarily at funerals, but afterwards at festivals, particularly those celebrated by the aediles and other magistrates. More than ten thousand were shown at Trajan's triumph over the Dacians. They were either free-born citizens, usually of a low class, who fought for hire, or captives, slaves, or malefactors, and were kept in schools, where they were carefully trained. Chief varieties were Andabatae, who wore helmets with no openings for the eyes, so that their blindfold movements provoked the spectators' mirth; Mirmillones, who used Gallic weapons, sword and shield; Retiarii, who carried a net and a three-pronged lance -- the net to entangle their opponents; and Thraces, who, like the Thracians, used a short sword and a round buckler. When a gladiator was severely wounded and defeated, the people cried out 'Habet' (He has it), and he lowered his arms; then, if the spectators wished his life to be spared, they turned their thumbs down; but it they desired his death, they turned them up. These combats were often attended by great cruelty and callousness on the part of the spectators; sometimes they were fights à outrance, none being spared alive. Discharged gladiators were presented with a rudis, or wooden sword, and hence were called rudiarii. Gladiatorial combats were disliked by the Greeks, and practically never took place in Greek cities.

Gladiators

This illustration shows various types of gladiators, each type with with his specific weapons attributed…

This illustration shows an early form of a glove, used to cover the hands. This glove was likely made of goat or sheepskin.

Early Glove

This illustration shows an early form of a glove, used to cover the hands. This glove was likely made…

Ancient harp.

Ancient harp

Ancient harp.

An ancient harp.

Harp

An ancient harp.

In heraldry, the griffin is a fabulous animal, with the head and forefeet of an eagle, and the body, hind legs, and tail of a lion. The head is represented with pricked ears, symbolical of its vigilance. In mythology, the griffin was a creature similar in form to the griffin of heraldry, which was supposed to find its especial function in watching over hidden treasure, especially in Scythia. It was dedicated to the sun-god Apollo, whose chariot appears in early art as drawn by griffins. It was a favorite ornamental 'theme' in ancient Babylonian and Persian art, and is also found in a similar way on art objects of the Phoenicians, the Mycenæan civilization, and the ancient Greeks. The Romans and art-workers of the renaissance used it as a purely decorative device.

Griffin

In heraldry, the griffin is a fabulous animal, with the head and forefeet of an eagle, and the body,…

The courtyard of an antique structure.

Courtyard of a House

The courtyard of an antique structure.

An ancient epistle, or letter found in the Bible.

Epistle

An ancient epistle, or letter found in the Bible.

Two Roman As, or mite, a denomination of Roman currency.

Mite

Two Roman As, or mite, a denomination of Roman currency.

This illustration shows a section of a tooth of a typical Labyrinthodont. Labyrinthodont, or Stegocephali is a race of extinct amphibians, the remains of which are found in the Permian, Carboniferous, and Triassic strata. Many of them were giants compared with our modern amphibians, from which they differed markedly in possessing an armature of bony plates in various degrees of completeness. In general habit, they resembled the newt or salamander. The name Labyrinthodont refers to the mazy pattern exhibited on a transverse section of the teeth of some genera. Among the best known genera are Archegosaurus, Loxomma, and Mastodonsaurus.

Section of Tooth of Typical Labyrinthodont

This illustration shows a section of a tooth of a typical Labyrinthodont. Labyrinthodont, or Stegocephali…

Moloch (or Mo'lech) is the name of an ancient deity which was worshipped by the Ammonites. The Israelites also worshiped this idol for a time. Human sacrifices were the primary offering made to Moloch.

Moloch Being Worshipped

Moloch (or Mo'lech) is the name of an ancient deity which was worshipped by the Ammonites. The Israelites…

A psaltry, a stringed instrument belonging to the harp family. Originated in Greece.

The psaltry

A psaltry, a stringed instrument belonging to the harp family. Originated in Greece.

Tambourine, drum, bells, and a triangle.

Musical instruments

Tambourine, drum, bells, and a triangle.

From the ninth to seventh century BCE in northern Iraq.

Human headed winged lion

From the ninth to seventh century BCE in northern Iraq.

An engraving of a warrior and horses from the mound of Khorsabad, Nineveh. (Capital of ancient Assyria).

Warrior and horses

An engraving of a warrior and horses from the mound of Khorsabad, Nineveh. (Capital of ancient Assyria).