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The back of a Scotch billon coin worth about two thirds of the United States cent in the fifteenth century.

Plack

The back of a Scotch billon coin worth about two thirds of the United States cent in the fifteenth century.

An asymetrical fish that live sup to 200m below the surface.

Common Plaice

An asymetrical fish that live sup to 200m below the surface.

A plant found throught the tropical regions of the world. It consists of thin leafless stems.

Warty Dodder

A plant found throught the tropical regions of the world. It consists of thin leafless stems.

Papilio Machaon, also known as the Old World Swallowtail. A yellow butterfly with black wings and a wingspan of up to 8 cm.

Old World Swallowtail Butterfly

Papilio Machaon, also known as the Old World Swallowtail. A yellow butterfly with black wings and a…

"Nocturnal moths, with the organs of the mouth in many cases so atrophied as to be unfit for use. These live but a few days, during which the male sees the female and the latter deposits her eggs." — Encyclopedia Britanica; 1893

Bombycina

"Nocturnal moths, with the organs of the mouth in many cases so atrophied as to be unfit for use. These…

"Nocturnal moths, with the organs of the mouth in many cases so atrophied as to be unfit for use. These live but a few days, during which the male sees the female and the latter deposits her eggs." — Encyclopedia Britanica; 1893

Bombycina

"Nocturnal moths, with the organs of the mouth in many cases so atrophied as to be unfit for use. These…

"Nocturnal moths, with the organs of the mouth in many cases so atrophied as to be unfit for use. These live but a few days, during which the male sees the female and the latter deposits her eggs." — Encyclopedia Britanica; 1893

Bombycina

"Nocturnal moths, with the organs of the mouth in many cases so atrophied as to be unfit for use. These…

"Nocturnal moths, with the organs of the mouth in many cases so atrophied as to be unfit for use. These live but a few days, during which the male sees the female and the latter deposits her eggs." — Encyclopedia Britanica; 1893

Bombycina

"Nocturnal moths, with the organs of the mouth in many cases so atrophied as to be unfit for use. These…

A fish with a blunt snout and fins free of spines. Color is uniformly blueish above without dark bands or black on the vertical fins, and silvery or golden on the sides.

Common Pompano

A fish with a blunt snout and fins free of spines. Color is uniformly blueish above without dark bands…

A pompano with a high rounded back, rather large and smooth scales, and a nearly double dorsal, the anterior part of which has nine spines.

Indian Pompano

A pompano with a high rounded back, rather large and smooth scales, and a nearly double dorsal, the…

A fish native to the Mediterranean and Alantic waters. Usually silver in color and rosy on its back.

Porgy

A fish native to the Mediterranean and Alantic waters. Usually silver in color and rosy on its back.

"The click barrel-ratchet R is set upon another larger ratchet-wheel, with its teeth pointing the opposite way, and its click rT is set in the clock-frame. That ratchet is connected with the great wheel by a spring ss' pressing against the two pins s in the ratchet and s' in the wheel. When you wind up the weight, the click Tr prevents the ratchet from turning back or to the right; and as the spring ss' is kept by the weight in a state of tension equivalent to the weight itself it will drive the wheel to the left for a short distance, when its end s is held fast, with the same force as if that end was pulled forward by the weight; and as the great wheel has to move very little during the short time the clock is winding, the spring will keep the clock going long enough." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Harrison's Going-Ratchet

"The click barrel-ratchet R is set upon another larger ratchet-wheel, with its teeth pointing the opposite…

"A front view of a common English house clock with the face taken off, showing the repeating or rack striking movement. Here, M is the hourwheel on the pipeof which the minute-hand is set, N the reversed hour-wheel, and n its pinion, driving the 12-hour wheel H, on whose socket is ficed what is called the snail Y, which belongs to the striking work exclusively. The hammer is raised by the eight pins in the rim of the second wheel in the striking train, in the manner which is obvious." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

English House Clock

"A front view of a common English house clock with the face taken off, showing the repeating or rack…

A rodent that live sunderground on prairies. They are about a foot long, very stout, squat, paunchy form with low ears and ver short tail.

Prairie Dogs

A rodent that live sunderground on prairies. They are about a foot long, very stout, squat, paunchy…

A small crustacean about 3 to 4 inches in length and marketed in vast numbers. Ate throughout the world.

Prawn

A small crustacean about 3 to 4 inches in length and marketed in vast numbers. Ate throughout the world.

"The front view of a large quarter clock of Sir E. Beckett's design, with all the wheels on the great horizontal bed, a gravity escapemen, and a compensated pendulum. They are made in two sizes, one wih a great striking wheels 18 inches wide, and the other 14. The striking is done by cams cast on the great wheels, about 1.125 inch broad in the large-sized clocks, which are strong enough for an hour bell of thirty cwt., and corresponding quarters. Wire ropes are used, not only because they last longer, if kept greased, but because a sufficient number of coils will go on a barrel of less than half the length that would be required for hemp ropes of the same strength, without overlapping, which it is as well to avoid, if possible, though it is not so injurious to wire ropes as it is to hemp ones. by this means also the striking cams can be put on the great wheel, instead of the second wheel, which saves more in friction than could be imagined by any one who had not tried both. In clocks of the common construction two-thirds of the power is often wasted in friction and in the bad arrangement of the hammer work, and the clock is wearing itself out in doing nothing." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Quarter Clock

"The front view of a large quarter clock of Sir E. Beckett's design, with all the wheels on the great…

Dytiscus Harminieri, a genus of predatory, diving beetles that usually live in wetlands and ponds.

Great Diving Beetle

Dytiscus Harminieri, a genus of predatory, diving beetles that usually live in wetlands and ponds.

Dytiscus Harminieri, a genus of predatory, diving beetles that usually live in wetlands and ponds.

Great Diving Beetle

Dytiscus Harminieri, a genus of predatory, diving beetles that usually live in wetlands and ponds.

A sovereign crown of Egypt, composed of the tall pointed miter, or white crown, of southern Egypt, combined with te red crown, square in front and rising to a point behind, of northern Egypt.

Pschent

A sovereign crown of Egypt, composed of the tall pointed miter, or white crown, of southern Egypt, combined…

The costume of an Egyptian King.

Egyptian King

The costume of an Egyptian King.

The costume of an Assyrian King.

Assyrian King

The costume of an Assyrian King.

A eel with a spines all the way down its length.

Spiny Back Eel

A eel with a spines all the way down its length.

"The plain rectangular cross, with a view to its enrichment." — Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1893

Cross

"The plain rectangular cross, with a view to its enrichment." — Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1893

"The cross of the Danisn order of the Dannebrog, a white cross surmounting a red one, with the royal crown, the cipher of reigning soverign, and the motto "For God and the King," is a characteristic example of the use of the great Christian symbol in the insignia of the knighthood of the present day." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dannebrog

"The cross of the Danisn order of the Dannebrog, a white cross surmounting a red one, with the royal…

"The crown of William I and his successors was a plain circlet heightened with four spikes having trefoil heads." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"The crown of William I and his successors was a plain circlet heightened with four spikes having trefoil…

"Drawn from the royal achievement of Henry VII, sculptured with great spirit above the south entrance to King's College Chapel, Cambridge, the royal motto is inscribed upon the circlet." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"Drawn from the royal achievement of Henry VII, sculptured with great spirit above the south entrance…

"Terricotta Sarcophagus from Caere, front view." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Etruria

"Terricotta Sarcophagus from Caere, front view." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Terricotta Sarcophagus from Caere, back view." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Etruria

"Terricotta Sarcophagus from Caere, back view." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

A. Cross, B. Gate-house, C. Almonry, D. Chapel, E. Inner gate-house, F. Stable, G. Dormitory of lay brethren, H. Abbot's House. I. Kitchen, K. Refectory, L. Staircase to dormitory, M. Dormitory, N. Church, P. Library, R. Infirmary, S. Door to the church for the lay brothers, T. Base court, V. Great cloister, W. Small cloister, X. Boundary wall.

Bird Eye View of Citeaux

A. Cross, B. Gate-house, C. Almonry, D. Chapel, E. Inner gate-house, F. Stable, G. Dormitory of lay…

"A genus of carnivorous mammals belonging to the Viverridae or family of civets. It contains six species, all of which are found exclusively in Africa, with the exception of the common genet, which occurs also throughout the south of Europe and in Palestine, where Tristram notes it as occurring on Mount Carmel. The fur of this species is of a dark grey color, thickly spotted with black, and having a dark streak along the back, while the tail, which is nearly as long as the body, is prettily ringed with black and white." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Genet

"A genus of carnivorous mammals belonging to the Viverridae or family of civets. It contains six species,…

"The instrument is supported on a strong tripod, fitted with levelling screws; to this tripod is fixed the azimuth circle and a long vertical steel axis. Fitting on this axis is a hollow axis which carries on its uper end a short transverse horizontal axis. This latter carries the telescope, which, supported at the center of its length, is free to rotate in a vertical plane. The telescope is thus mounted excentrically with respect to the vertical axis around which it revolves." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Zenith Telescope

"The instrument is supported on a strong tripod, fitted with levelling screws; to this tripod is fixed…

"One of the simplest forms of sluice as used in river diggings in the north-west of America. A rectangular trough of boards, whose dimensions depend chiefly on the size of the planks available, is set up on the higher part of the ground at one side of the claim to be worked, upon trestles or piers of rough stone-work, at such an inclination that the stream may carry off all but the largest stones, which are kept back by a grating of boards about 2 inches apart at a." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Sluice

"One of the simplest forms of sluice as used in river diggings in the north-west of America. A rectangular…

"A grain of wheat. Back view." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Wheat Grain

"A grain of wheat. Back view." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"A grain of wheat. Front view." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Wheat Grain

"A grain of wheat. Front view." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

In the males, they have a full globular crest, and the hole under parts flaming red, the back, wings, and tail a dusky brown.

Vermilion Flycatcher

In the males, they have a full globular crest, and the hole under parts flaming red, the back, wings,…

"Interior view of Trajan's Basilica, as restored by Canina." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

Interior of Trajan's Bascilica

"Interior view of Trajan's Basilica, as restored by Canina." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

"Sectional view of the old Basilica of St. Peter, before its destruction in the 16th century." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

Basilica of Old St Peter

"Sectional view of the old Basilica of St. Peter, before its destruction in the 16th century." —…

A Swiss coin and denomination of money.

Rappen

A Swiss coin and denomination of money.

A Swiss coin and denomination of money.

Rappen

A Swiss coin and denomination of money.

"Many species hibernate. The land-snails bury themselves in the ground, or conceal themselves under the back of trees, in holes in walls, or even in the stems of large umbelliferous plants. They close the mouth of the shell with a calcareous plate, technically called an epiphragm, which they secrete by means of their mantle, and which is perforated by a small hole to admit the air." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1893

Helix Descrtorun

"Many species hibernate. The land-snails bury themselves in the ground, or conceal themselves under…

"Side view of second upper molar tooth of Anchitherium (brachyodont form)." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Horse Molar

"Side view of second upper molar tooth of Anchitherium (brachyodont form)." — Encyclopedia Britannica,…

"Side view of skull of horse, with the bone removed so as to expose the whole of the teeth. PMx, premaxilla; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal bone; Ma, malar bone; L, lacrymal bone; Fr, frontal bone; Sq, squamosal bone; Pa, parietal bone; oc, occipital condyle; pp, paroccipital process; i, the three incisor teeth; c, the canine tooth; pm1, the situation of the rudimentary first premolar, which has been lost in the lower, but is present in the upper jaw; pm2, pm3, and pm4, the three fully-developed premolar teeth; m, the three true molar teeth." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Horse Skull

"Side view of skull of horse, with the bone removed so as to expose the whole of the teeth. PMx, premaxilla;…

"The glass roof is commonly designed so as to form a uniform plane or slope from back to front in lean-to houses, and form center to sides in span-roofed houses. In some cases, however, the roof sashes are fitted up on the ridge-and-furrow principle invented by Sir Joseph Paxton." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Plant House

"The glass roof is commonly designed so as to form a uniform plane or slope from back to front in lean-to…

"The fire is made under the principal arch a; the flame and smoke return through the flue b, and then turn back over the top of the boiler to the outlet c, which can be placed at whatever point is in each case most convenient. The other parts referred to are d, flow pipe; e, return pipes, f, soot-door for cleaning flues, g, furnace door." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Saddle Boiler

"The fire is made under the principal arch a; the flame and smoke return through the flue b, and then…

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has a dome or arch a, and back water-way b; the heated products of combustion striking against this back are sent up the central flue c, and then diverted into the side flues d, d, before passing into the chimney shaft e." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gold Medal Boiler

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has…

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has a dome or arch a, and back water-way b; the heated products of combustion striking against this back are sent up the central flue c, and then diverted into the side flues d, d, before passing into the chimney shaft e." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gold Medal Boiler

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has…

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has a dome or arch a, and back water-way b; the heated products of combustion striking against this back are sent up the central flue c, and then diverted into the side flues d, d, before passing into the chimney shaft e." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gold Medal Boiler

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has…

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has a dome or arch a, and back water-way b; the heated products of combustion striking against this back are sent up the central flue c, and then diverted into the side flues d, d, before passing into the chimney shaft e." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gold Medal Boiler

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has…

A venomous serpent whose tail ends in a rattle. It rattles its tail to warn potential predators to back off.

Rattlesnake

A venomous serpent whose tail ends in a rattle. It rattles its tail to warn potential predators to back…

The back of a spanish real of Isabella II.

Real Coin

The back of a spanish real of Isabella II.

A musical instrument consisting essentially of one or more graduated sets of smll free reeds of metal, which are sounded by streams of air set in motion by a bellows, and controlled from a keyboard like tha of a pianoforte.

Reed Organ

A musical instrument consisting essentially of one or more graduated sets of smll free reeds of metal,…

"This image gives a good idea of how these drawf trees are to be manipulated, a showing the first year's development from the maiden tree after being headed back, and b the form assumed a year or two later." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dwarf-Tree Pruning

"This image gives a good idea of how these drawf trees are to be manipulated, a showing the first year's…

"a shows a young tree with its second year's growth, the upright shoot of the maiden tree having been moderately headed back, being left longer if the buds near the base promise to break freely, or cut shorter if they are weak and wanting in vigour. The winter pruning, carried out with the view to shape the tree into a well-grown pyramid, would be effected at the places marked by a cross line." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pyramid Pruning

"a shows a young tree with its second year's growth, the upright shoot of the maiden tree having been…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"When a water fall ranges between 10 and 70 feet, and the water supply is from 3 to 25 cubic feet per second, it is possible to construct a bucket wheel on which the water acts chiefly by its weight. If the variation of the head-water level does not exceed 2 feet, an overshot wheel may be used. The water is then projected over the summit of the wheel, and falls in a parabolic path into the buckets. With greater variation of head-water level, a pitch-back or high breast wheel is better. The water falls over the top of a sliding sluice into the wheel, on the same side as the head race channel. By adjusting the height of the sluice, the requisite supply is given to the wheel in all positions of the head-water level. The wheel consists of a cast-iron or wrought-iron axle C supporting the weight of the wheel. To this are attached two sets of arms A of wood or iron, which support circular segmental plates termed shrouds B. A cylindrical sole plate dd extends between the shrouds on the inner side. The buckets are formed by wood planks or curved wrought-iron plates extending from shroud to shroud, the back of the buckets being formed by the sole plate." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Water Wheel

"When a water fall ranges between 10 and 70 feet, and the water supply is from 3 to 25 cubic feet per…