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"A. Lecanora esculenta; B. Lecanora affinis." -Lindley, 1853

Lichens

"A. Lecanora esculenta; B. Lecanora affinis." -Lindley, 1853

"A greatly magnified view of a perpendicular section of Parmelia aipolia, showing the thecae in the shield, a; b, the hypothecium and some gonidia beneath it; c, the medullary region; and d, the gonimic layer." -Lindley, 1853

Leaf Lichen

"A greatly magnified view of a perpendicular section of Parmelia aipolia, showing the thecae in the…

The giraffe or camelopardalis is the tallest land animal and the largest ruminant.

Giraffe

The giraffe or camelopardalis is the tallest land animal and the largest ruminant.

Pruning in landscaping and gardening is the practice of removing diseased, non-productive, or otherwise unwanted portions from a plant.

Pruning

Pruning in landscaping and gardening is the practice of removing diseased, non-productive, or otherwise…

"The caterpillar of which, commonly known as the tobacco-worm in the Middle States, is very destructive to the leaf of the tobacco-plant, when the worm is young, by eating holes in the leaves, thus spoiling them for use as wrappers for cigars, and when old by devouring the whole of the leaf itself." -Watts, 1874

Tobacco worm

"The caterpillar of which, commonly known as the tobacco-worm in the Middle States, is very destructive…

Illustration of a seed-potato.

seed-potato

Illustration of a seed-potato.

Illustration of a fungus named Atrotogus hydnosporus. "Considered by Berkeley and others to be probably a secondary form of fruit (spores) of the potato-fungus itself." -Watts, 1874

Fungus

Illustration of a fungus named Atrotogus hydnosporus. "Considered by Berkeley and others to be probably…

Illustration of a potato infested with Peronospora infestans also known as 'potato-rot' observed from a microscopic level.

Potato rot

Illustration of a potato infested with Peronospora infestans also known as 'potato-rot' observed from…

"Decorticator for ramie, jute, hemp, flax, and other textiles in green stalks. The machine is quadruple in its action. It consists in four feeders and four cleaners, inside of which revolves, horizontally, a large cogged wheel acting as a circular carrier. It brings the crushed plant in, and draws from it, the revolving cleaners, as follows: A, crushing rollers, through which the green stalks are passed, and placed on the rim of the large cogged wheel or circular carrier. B,rim of the carrier, on which hangs the flattened plant coming from the rollers. C, revolving cleaners, furnished with knives attracting the plant while it is drawn by the circular motion of the carrier. D, small cog-wheels in contact with the large wheels, and keeping the plant under pressure. F, projecting bar to direct the fiber into the cleaners. G, opening to take off the cleaned fiber." -Watts, 1874

Decorticator

"Decorticator for ramie, jute, hemp, flax, and other textiles in green stalks. The machine is quadruple…

"Andrea nivalis, natural size; 2. the same much magnified; 3. spore-case with the torn calyptra; 4. spore-case after the discharge of the spores; 5. columella with a few spores adhering." -Lindley, 1853

Andrea nivalis

"Andrea nivalis, natural size; 2. the same much magnified; 3. spore-case with the torn calyptra; 4.…

The moss, Andraea rupestris much magnified.

Andreaea Moss

The moss, Andraea rupestris much magnified.

Ophioglossum vulgatum, or Southern Adderstongue is a fern-like plant commonly growing in sand dunes.

Southern Adderstongue

Ophioglossum vulgatum, or Southern Adderstongue is a fern-like plant commonly growing in sand dunes.

The Antrophyum Lessonii is a type of fern from the Polypodiaceae family.

Antrophyum Fern

The Antrophyum Lessonii is a type of fern from the Polypodiaceae family.

The spore-cases and cup of Trichomanes radicans or the Aerialroot Bristle Fern.

Aerialroot Bristle Fern

The spore-cases and cup of Trichomanes radicans or the Aerialroot Bristle Fern.

The Hydnora africana is a parasitic plant growing in deserts known for giving of the odor of feces to attract pollinators like dung beetles.

Hydnora africana

The Hydnora africana is a parasitic plant growing in deserts known for giving of the odor of feces to…

The longitudinal section of the Hydnora africana is a parasitic plant growing in deserts known for giving of the odor of feces to attract pollinators like dung beetles.

Hydnora africana

The longitudinal section of the Hydnora africana is a parasitic plant growing in deserts known for giving…

The Yucca aloifolia also known as the Aloe Yucca or Spanish Bayonet.

Aloe Yucca

The Yucca aloifolia also known as the Aloe Yucca or Spanish Bayonet.

"1. Locusta of Agrostis alba; 2. paleae and stamens, &c. of the same." -Lindley, 1853

Redtop Locusta

"1. Locusta of Agrostis alba; 2. paleae and stamens, &c. of the same." -Lindley, 1853

"3. paleae of Leersia oryzoides; 4. pistil, stamens, and hypogynous scales of the same." -Lindley, 1853

Rice Cutgrass

"3. paleae of Leersia oryzoides; 4. pistil, stamens, and hypogynous scales of the same." -Lindley, 1853

"5. locusta of Polypogon monspeliensis; 6. paleae, &c. of the same." -Lindley, 1853

Annual Beard Grass

"5. locusta of Polypogon monspeliensis; 6. paleae, &c. of the same." -Lindley, 1853

"7. locusta of Stipa pennata" (Feather Grass); "8. rachis, bracteae, and florets of Cynosurus cristatus" (Crested Dog's-Tail). -Lindley, 1853

Feather Grass and Crested Dog's-Tail

"7. locusta of Stipa pennata" (Feather Grass); "8. rachis, bracteae, and florets of Cynosurus cristatus"…

"9. locusta of Cynodon dactylon; 10. paleae, and abortive floret of the same." -Lindley, 1853

Bermuda Grass

"9. locusta of Cynodon dactylon; 10. paleae, and abortive floret of the same." -Lindley, 1853

"1. Locusta of Corynephorus canescens (Grey Hair-grass); 2. paleae, &c. of the same; 3. locusta of Phalaris aquatica (Harding grass); 4. locusta of Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow Foxtail); 5. locusta of Aira caryophyllea (Silver hairgrass); 6. floret of the same; 7. locusta of Festuca duriuscula (Red Fescue); 8. locust of Glyceria fluitans (Water Mannagrass); 9. floret of the same; 10. locusta of Eragrostis poaeformis (Lovegrass)." -Lindley, 1853

Grass Locusta

"1. Locusta of Corynephorus canescens (Grey Hair-grass); 2. paleae, &c. of the same; 3. locusta of Phalaris…

Setaria glauca or the Yellow Foxtail is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.

Yellow Foxtail

Setaria glauca or the Yellow Foxtail is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.

"Scirpus lacustris. 1. A flower surrounded with hypogynous bristles; 2. a seed; 3, a section of it, showing the lenticular embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Bulrush

"Scirpus lacustris. 1. A flower surrounded with hypogynous bristles; 2. a seed; 3, a section of it,…

"Uricle or addiional glumes of Carex rivularis" (Shining Flatsedge) -Lindley, 1853

Shining Flatsedge

"Uricle or addiional glumes of Carex rivularis" (Shining Flatsedge) -Lindley, 1853

"Tonina fluviatilis. 1. male flower; 2. centre of do.; 3. female and male flowers; 4. section of ripe fruit; 5. seed; 6. section of do." -Lindley, 1853

Tonina fluviatilis

"Tonina fluviatilis. 1. male flower; 2. centre of do.; 3. female and male flowers; 4. section of ripe…

"Pistia Stratiotes. 1. A spathe with its 2 flowers; 2. a section of a seed-vessel; 3. a seed; 4. the same cut perpendicularly." -Lindley, 1853

Water Cabbage

"Pistia Stratiotes. 1. A spathe with its 2 flowers; 2. a section of a seed-vessel; 3. a seed; 4. the…

"Typha latifolia; 2, its fruit; 3, a section of the seed; 4, the embryo; 5, a stamen." -Lindley, 1853

Common Bulrush

"Typha latifolia; 2, its fruit; 3, a section of the seed; 4, the embryo; 5, a stamen." -Lindley, 1853

"1. Spathe of Arum maculatum; 2. its spadix loaded with flowers; 3. an anther; 4. a transverse section of an ovary; 5. a cluster of ripe fruits; 6. a seed; 7. a section of the same, showing the embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Wild Arum

"1. Spathe of Arum maculatum; 2. its spadix loaded with flowers; 3. an anther; 4. a transverse section…

Arum maculatum: "A single fruit divided vertically, so as to show the seeds in situ. A perpendicular section of one of the seeds." -Lindley, 1853

Wild Arum Fruit and Seed

Arum maculatum: "A single fruit divided vertically, so as to show the seeds in situ. A perpendicular…

Arum maculatum or the wild arum is a woodland plant of the Araceae family.

Wild Arum

Arum maculatum or the wild arum is a woodland plant of the Araceae family.

The fruit of Freycinetia imbricata, a flowering plant native to Southeast Asia.

Freycinetia imbricata

The fruit of Freycinetia imbricata, a flowering plant native to Southeast Asia.

"Palm Trees. 1. Corypha Gebanga; 2. Nipa fruiticans." -Lindley, 1853

Gebang and Nipa Palm Trees

"Palm Trees. 1. Corypha Gebanga; 2. Nipa fruiticans." -Lindley, 1853

"Inflorescence of Chamaerops humilis, in its spathe; 2. a portion of the same, with the fruit ripening; 3. a male flower; 4. a female flower; 5. a ripe fruit; 6. a section of another variety, showing the seed; 7. a seed with a portion of the surface cut away, to display the embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Fan Palm

"Inflorescence of Chamaerops humilis, in its spathe; 2. a portion of the same, with the fruit ripening;…

"Sagus Rumphii. 1. a flower; 2. the same opened; 3. a section of an ovary; 4. a section of a seed of Sagus filaris; 5. fruit and remains of spadix." -Lindley, 1853

Palm

"Sagus Rumphii. 1. a flower; 2. the same opened; 3. a section of an ovary; 4. a section of a seed of…

"Stratiotes aloides. 1. a flower and spathe; 2. a flower split open; 3. a fruit in its spathe; 4. a section of the fruit; 5. an embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Water Pineapple

"Stratiotes aloides. 1. a flower and spathe; 2. a flower split open; 3. a fruit in its spathe; 4. a…

The Aechmea fulgens of coralberry is a bromeliad which is often used as a decorative plant.

Coralberry

The Aechmea fulgens of coralberry is a bromeliad which is often used as a decorative plant.

Tacca integrifolia or White Bat Plant is a flowering plant cultivated as ornamental plants.

White Bat Plant

Tacca integrifolia or White Bat Plant is a flowering plant cultivated as ornamental plants.

"Sections of the stem of a Brazilian Vellozia; 1. transversely; 2, 3. longitudinally." -Lindley, 1853

Brazilian Vellozia

"Sections of the stem of a Brazilian Vellozia; 1. transversely; 2, 3. longitudinally." -Lindley, 1853

"Pancratium maritimum. 1. a flower cut open, and showing that there is a bifid tooth, forming a coronet or cup, between each stamen; 2. a transverse section of the ovary." -Lindley, 1853

Sea Daffodil

"Pancratium maritimum. 1. a flower cut open, and showing that there is a bifid tooth, forming a coronet…

Littaea geminiflora, or the Twin-Flowered Agave, showing the flower and the whole plant.

Twin-Flowered Agave

Littaea geminiflora, or the Twin-Flowered Agave, showing the flower and the whole plant.

Agave americana is also known as the Century Plant or Maguey and is used as an ornamental plant.

Maguey

Agave americana is also known as the Century Plant or Maguey and is used as an ornamental plant.

Iris germanica or German Iris and the ripe capsule of an Iris.

German Iris

Iris germanica or German Iris and the ripe capsule of an Iris.

The Musa paradisiaca or plantain, when in fruit.

Plantain

The Musa paradisiaca or plantain, when in fruit.

"Part of the inflorescence of Heliconia angustifolia; a, stamens and pistil, the surrounding parts being removed." -Lindley, 1853

Heliconia

"Part of the inflorescence of Heliconia angustifolia; a, stamens and pistil, the surrounding parts being…

Chinese Ginger or fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda): "Flowers of Kaempferia pandurata; 2. the inner row of the corolla seen in profile. 3. the anther, enclosing the apex of the style between its lobes; 4. the style and stigma, with two abortive stamens at the base; 5. a transverse section of the ovary." -Lindley, 1853

Chinese Ginger

Chinese Ginger or fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda): "Flowers of Kaempferia pandurata; 2. the inner…

Dancing Girls: "Mantisia saltatoria; 1. style, stigma, and anther; 2. ovary, style, and abortive stamens." -Lindley, 1853

Dancing Girls Ginger

Dancing Girls: "Mantisia saltatoria; 1. style, stigma, and anther; 2. ovary, style, and abortive stamens."…

"Calathea villosa; 1. a flower cut open; 2. a transverse section of the ovary; 3. a perpendicular section of it; 4. a section of the seed of Canna; 5. a section of its embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Calathea

"Calathea villosa; 1. a flower cut open; 2. a transverse section of the ovary; 3. a perpendicular section…

Herminium monorchis or the Musk Orchid is a flowering plant of the Orchid family.

Musk Orchid

Herminium monorchis or the Musk Orchid is a flowering plant of the Orchid family.

"Accidental manner of producing a jointed stem in Aspasia epidendroides." -Lindley, 1853

Aspasia

"Accidental manner of producing a jointed stem in Aspasia epidendroides." -Lindley, 1853

"Column of Orchis mascula" (Early Purple Orchid). -Lindley, 1853

Early Purple Orchid Column

"Column of Orchis mascula" (Early Purple Orchid). -Lindley, 1853

"Section of capsule of Ophrys apifera" (Bee Orchid). -Lindley, 1853

Bee Orchid Capsule

"Section of capsule of Ophrys apifera" (Bee Orchid). -Lindley, 1853

The flower of the Angraecum eburneum species of Comet Orchids.

Comet Orchid

The flower of the Angraecum eburneum species of Comet Orchids.

The flower of the Diuris or Donkey Orchid.

Donkey Orchid

The flower of the Diuris or Donkey Orchid.

The flower of the orchid, Drymoda picta.

Drymoda picta

The flower of the orchid, Drymoda picta.

The flower of the orchid, Oberonia griffithiana

Oberonia Griffithiana

The flower of the orchid, Oberonia griffithiana

The flower of a species of Caladenia orchids.

Caladenia Orchid

The flower of a species of Caladenia orchids.

The flower of a the Small Spathe Disa (Disa spathulata), a species of orchid.

Disa Orchid

The flower of a the Small Spathe Disa (Disa spathulata), a species of orchid.

"2. Cycnoches ventricosum; 4 and 5. C. Egertonianum (Swan Orchid); the others intermediate forms." -Lindley, 1853

Swan Orchid

"2. Cycnoches ventricosum; 4 and 5. C. Egertonianum (Swan Orchid); the others intermediate forms." -Lindley,…