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"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances, fusible and infusible, the latter enabling it to withsantd the heat necessary to vitrify the former, thus producing its peculiar semi-translucency. The infusible material is alumina, called kaolin; the fusible substance is felspar, and is called pe-tun-tse, both Chinese terms. Large quantities of porcelain are produced in New Jersy, Ohio, and other states, while European porcelain, and Chinese and Japanese ware, are famous."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Porcelain Marks

"Porcelain is a fictile material intermediate between glass and pottery, being formed of two substances,…

"Three locomotives were imported from England in 1829, and the first trial in America took place Aug. 8, 1829, at Honesdale, Pa. The first railway constructed to be worked by locomotives was the South Carolina railroad (1826–1830), though trials of an experimental locomotive had been made before on the Baltimaore and Ohio railroad, which continued to be worked by horsepower till 1832. "—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

American Locomotive

"Three locomotives were imported from England in 1829, and the first trial in America took place Aug.…

"Three locomotives were imported from England in 1829, and the first trial in America took place Aug. 8, 1829, at Honesdale, Pa. The first railway constructed to be worked by locomotives was the South Carolina railroad (1826–1830), though trials of an experimental locomotive had been made before on the Baltimaore and Ohio railroad, which continued to be worked by horsepower till 1832. "—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Early Locomotive

"Three locomotives were imported from England in 1829, and the first trial in America took place Aug.…

"The Seal, of the family Phocidæ, or seal tribe, are, of all four-limbed mammiferous animals, those which display the most complete adaptation to residence in the water. The seal has considerable resemblance to a quadruped in some respects, and to a fish in others. The head is round, and the nose, which is broad, resembles that of a dog, with the same look of intelligence and mild and expressive physiognomy. It has large whiskers, oblong nostrils, and great black sparkling eyes. It has no external ears, but a valve exists in the orifices, which can be closed at will, so as to keep out the water; the nostrils have a similar valve; and the clothing of the body consists of stiff glossy hairs, very closely set against the skin. The body is elongated and conical, gradually tapering from the shoulders to the tail. The spine is provided with strong muscles, which bend it with considerable force; and this movement is of great assistance to the propulsion of the body."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hooded Seal

"The Seal, of the family Phocidæ, or seal tribe, are, of all four-limbed mammiferous animals,…

Seal of New Amsterdam

New Amsterdam

Seal of New Amsterdam

Seal of New Netherland

New Netherland

Seal of New Netherland

Seal of East Jersey

East Jersey

Seal of East Jersey

Seal of the proprietors of Carolina.

Carolina

Seal of the proprietors of Carolina.

The Hopeton Works, in Ohio, built by mound-builders.

Hopeton Works

The Hopeton Works, in Ohio, built by mound-builders.

Graded Way in Ohio, constructed by mound-builders.

Graded Way

Graded Way in Ohio, constructed by mound-builders.

He was a Republican politician and Governor of Ohio.

Joseph Benson Foraker

He was a Republican politician and Governor of Ohio.

Sherman was a Senator from Ohio and Secretary of the Treasury under President Hayes.

John Sherman

Sherman was a Senator from Ohio and Secretary of the Treasury under President Hayes.

Senator from Maryland and president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company.

Arthur Pue Gorman

Senator from Maryland and president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company.

Democratic politician from the state of Ohio.

Henry B. Payne

Democratic politician from the state of Ohio.

"A Cylinder Seal" — Morey, 1903

Cylinder Seal

"A Cylinder Seal" — Morey, 1903

"Ex-Senator Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio, a gentleman held in the highest esteem by both political parties, and a statesman of learning, experience, and lift character, is a native of the state of Virginia." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Allen G. Thurman

"Ex-Senator Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio, a gentleman held in the highest esteem by both political parties,…

"Thomas Andrew Hendricks was born in Ohio on the 7th of September, 1819." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Thomas A. Hendricks

"Thomas Andrew Hendricks was born in Ohio on the 7th of September, 1819." —The Popular Cyclopedia,…

A celebrated explorer, born in Rouen, France, Nov. 22, 1643; assassinated March 19, 1687. In 1669 he emigrated to Canada, and soon after entered upon a number of remarkable expeditions of discovery. He visited the Illinois River, Lake Michigan, and the Ohio, and sailed a considerable distance down the Mississippi.

Robert La Salle

A celebrated explorer, born in Rouen, France, Nov. 22, 1643; assassinated March 19, 1687. In 1669 he…

Twenty-fourth president of the United States, born at Niles, Ohio Jan. 29, 1843; died Sept. 14, 1901. Previously, the 39th Governor of Ohio.

William McKinley

Twenty-fourth president of the United States, born at Niles, Ohio Jan. 29, 1843; died Sept. 14, 1901.…

A Statesman and jurist, born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 21, 1824; died in Washington, D. C., March 22, 1889.

Stanley Matthews

A Statesman and jurist, born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 21, 1824; died in Washington, D. C., March 22,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

Built on the right angle triangle and, like the Signet of David, it is found in many of the Turkish and Caucasian fabrics and to it scores of patterns may be traced.

Solomon's Seal

Built on the right angle triangle and, like the Signet of David, it is found in many of the Turkish…

The general name of certain genera of carnivorous mammals, havin feet adapted for swimming, and being able to live both in and out of water.

Seal

The general name of certain genera of carnivorous mammals, havin feet adapted for swimming, and being…

Eminent military leader, born in Albany, New York, March 6, 1831; died at Nonquitt, Mass., Aug. 5, 1888. His parents came from Ireland and settled in Albany a short time before his birth, but soon after removed to Ohio, where he attended the public schools.

Philip Sheridan

Eminent military leader, born in Albany, New York, March 6, 1831; died at Nonquitt, Mass., Aug. 5, 1888.…

An Indian chief of the Shawnees, born near the site of Springfield, Ohio, about 1768; slain Oct. 12, 1813.

Tecumseh

An Indian chief of the Shawnees, born near the site of Springfield, Ohio, about 1768; slain Oct. 12,…

A statesman, born in Butler county, Ohio, Sept. 26, 1827; died April 10, 1897.

Daniel Voorhees

A statesman, born in Butler county, Ohio, Sept. 26, 1827; died April 10, 1897.

To graft two plants together using the tongue or whip grafting approach, you must first make a sloping cut in the rootstock with a 'tongue' pointing up. Next you must make a matching cut in the scion wood with a 'tongue' pointing downwards. Finally you join the two, ensuring maximum contact of the cambium layers. Bind with rafia or polythene tape and seal with grafting wax.

Tongue Grafting

To graft two plants together using the tongue or whip grafting approach, you must first make a sloping…

The official seal of the U.S. state of Alabama in 1889.

Alabama

The official seal of the U.S. state of Alabama in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Arkansas in 1889.

Arkansas

The official seal of the U.S. state of Arkansas in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of California in 1889.

California

The official seal of the U.S. state of California in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Colorado in 1889.

Colorado

The official seal of the U.S. state of Colorado in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Connecticut in 1889.

Connecticut

The official seal of the U.S. state of Connecticut in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Delaware in 1889.

Delaware

The official seal of the U.S. state of Delaware in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Florida in 1889.

Florida

The official seal of the U.S. state of Florida in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Georgia in 1889.

Georgia

The official seal of the U.S. state of Georgia in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Illinois in 1889.

Illinois

The official seal of the U.S. state of Illinois in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Indiana in 1889.

Indiana

The official seal of the U.S. state of Indiana in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Iowa in 1889.

Iowa

The official seal of the U.S. state of Iowa in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Kansas in 1889.

Kansas

The official seal of the U.S. state of Kansas in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Kentucky in 1889.

Kentucky

The official seal of the U.S. state of Kentucky in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Louisiana in 1889.

Louisiana

The official seal of the U.S. state of Louisiana in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Maine in 1889.

Maine

The official seal of the U.S. state of Maine in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Maryland in 1889.

Maryland

The official seal of the U.S. state of Maryland in 1889.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Massachusetts in 1889.

Massachusetts

The official seal of the U.S. state of Massachusetts in 1889.