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"Uro-genital organs of female embryo bird; from Owen, after Muller. a, kidneys: b, wolffian bodies; c, genital glands, to become overies; d, adrenals; e, ureters f, wolffian ducts, to disappear; g, mullerian ducts, to become oviducts." Elliot Coues, 1884

Female Uro-genital Organ

"Uro-genital organs of female embryo bird; from Owen, after Muller. a, kidneys: b, wolffian bodies;…

"Uro-genital organs of female embryo bird; from Owen, after Muller. a, testis; b, epididymis; c, sperm-duct or vas deferens; d, adrenal; k, cloaca; x, kidney; y, ureter." Elliot Coues, 1884

Female Uro-genital Organ

"Uro-genital organs of female embryo bird; from Owen, after Muller. a, testis; b, epididymis; c, sperm-duct…

"Spermatozoa of domestic cock, greatly magnified." The spermatozoam or seminal animalcules, or male Dynamamaebae (figs. 106, 107), are the exact counterparts of ovarian ova, in so far as they are single-celled animals of a very low grade of organization; but their activity and intelligence is marvelousm and still more so is the mysterious attribute with which they are endowed of assimilating their protoplasmic substance with that of the ovum; with the result that thus fecundated ovum is capable of procreating itself by fission for a period until a mass of similar creates in engendered; from which mass is then speedily evolved the complex body the bird." Elliot Coues, 1884

Rooster Seman

"Spermatozoa of domestic cock, greatly magnified." The spermatozoam or seminal animalcules, or male…

"Spermatozoa of domestic cock, greatly magnified." The spermatozoam or seminal animalcules, or male Dynamamaebae (figs. 106, 107), are the exact counterparts of ovarian ova, in so far as they are single-celled animals of a very low grade of organization; but their activity and intelligence is marvelousm and still more so is the mysterious attribute with which they are endowed of assimilating their protoplasmic substance with that of the ovum; with the result that thus fecundated ovum is capable of procreating itself by fission for a period until a mass of similar creates in engendered; from which mass is then speedily evolved the complex body the bird." Elliot Coues, 1884

Sparrow Seman

"Spermatozoa of domestic cock, greatly magnified." The spermatozoam or seminal animalcules, or male…

"Female organs of domestic fowl, in activity; from Owen, after Carus. a, b, c, d, mass of ovarian ova, in all stages of development; b, a ripe one; c, its stigma, where the ovisac or calyx ruptures; d, a ruptured empty calyx, to be absorbed; e, infundibulum, or funnel-shaped orifice of the oviduct; f, next portion of oviduct; g, follicular art of oviduct; m, mesometry, membrane steadying the oviduct; the reference line, m, crosses the constricted part or isthmus of the oviduct; these parts secrete the white of the egg; k, shell-forming or uterine part of oviduct, in which is a completed egg, i; l, lowest or vaginal part of oviduct, opening into uro-genital sinus of the cloaca; n, anus." Elliot Coues, 1884

Female Fowl Organs

"Female organs of domestic fowl, in activity; from Owen, after Carus. a, b, c, d, mass of ovarian ova,…

"Meroblastic ovum (yelk) of domestic fowl, bat. size, in section; after haeckel. a, the thin yelk-skin, enclosing the yellowfood-yelk, which is deposited in concentric layers, c, d; b, the cicatricle or tread with its nuclues, whence passes a cord of white yelk (here represented in black) to the central cavity, d'" Elliot Coues, 1884

Fowl Ovum

"Meroblastic ovum (yelk) of domestic fowl, bat. size, in section; after haeckel. a, the thin yelk-skin,…

"Buteo vulgaris. hawk of Europe, Upper parts dark brown, very variable in shade according to season or wear of the feathers, varied with paler brown, or even reddish-brown edging of the feathers, but without the clear fawn color of the young; the feathers of the crown showing whitish when distributed, and usually sharp, dark shaft-lines; the upper tail-coverts chestnut and white, with blackish bars. Quills and tail-feathers as below, but the inner webs of the former showing more decided dark cross-bars upon a lighter marbled-whitish ground, and the latter having broader and sharper, dark wavy bars. These large quills, and particularly those of the tail, vary much in shade according to wear, the new feathers being strongly slate-colored, the old ones plain dark brown. The tail, however, never shows any trace often rich chestnut that obtains in the adult B borealis. Iris brown, never yellow; feet, cere, gape, and base of under mandible rich chrome-yellow; rest of bill and claws bluish-black." Elliot Coues, 1884

European Hawk

"Buteo vulgaris. hawk of Europe, Upper parts dark brown, very variable in shade according to season…

"Zenaidura carolinensis. Carolina Dove. Mourning Dove. Wild Dove. Upper parts, including middle tail-feathers, grayish-blue shaded with brownish-olive, the head and neck ochrey-brown overlaid with glaucous-blue, the sides of the neck glittering with golden and ruby iridescence; a violet-black spot under the ear-coverts. Under parts glaucous-purplish, changing gradually to ochraceous on the belly and crissum, to bluish on the sides and under the wings, to whitish on the chin; the purplish tint spreading up on the sides and front of the head to blend with the glaucous-blue. Black spots on some of the scapulars and wing-coverts, most of which are colored to correspond with the back, the larger ones being rather bluish-plumbeous. Lateral tail-feathers plumbeous-bluish, crossed with a black bar, the outer four on each side broadly ended with white. Bill black; angle of mouth carmine; iris brown; bare skin around eye livid bluish; feet lake-red, drying dull yellowish." Elliot Coues, 1884

Carolina Dove

"Zenaidura carolinensis. Carolina Dove. Mourning Dove. Wild Dove. Upper parts, including middle tail-feathers,…

"In contrast to the Berlin school is that of Munich, which was founded by Gärtner. Its influence, which was supported by the renown of many edifices constructed by this architect, such as the Liberty, the University Buildings, and the Ludwigskirche, extended over many other parts of Germany. Without being in any way influenced by the works of Klenze, which are erected in the classical style, such as the Glyptothek, the Pantheon, the Valhalla, and many others, Gärtner's pupils as well as his pupil's pupils, continued in the course of Romantic treatment pointed out to them, and with few exceptions remained steadfast to the Romanesque style."The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and Roman sculptures (hence Glypto-, from the Greek root glyphein, to carve). It was designed by Leo von Klenze in the Neoclassical style, and built from 1816 to 1830. Today the museum is a part of the Kunstareal.

Glyptothek at Munich

"In contrast to the Berlin school is that of Munich, which was founded by Gärtner. Its influence, which…

"But perhaps the most effective and suitable employment of iron is shown in connection with glass, as has been exemplified in the temporary buildings for exhibitions, for which the Great Exhibition in London, in the year 1851, furnished the model which has so often been followed subsequently. This building was afterwards removed to Sydenham, and is now known as the Crystal Palace. In this structure the walls as well as the vaulted roof consist of glass inserted between iron girders, after the pattern of large conservatories and winter-gardens, especially of that in the Champs Élydées at Paris, which is no longer in existence. Although this building scarcely seems like an architectural construction, but appears to form a peculiar specialty, still an impression is produced, which is hitherto unparalleled by its transparent termination in all directions, and by its dimensions, which have never been before attained in enclosed spaces. The distinguishing height of the main body of the building, which is divided into several naves and galleries , and if the loftier transept, which is 174 English feet high, is too considerable to recall the conservatory, which first suggested the idea to Paxton of constructing such a building on a large scale for the Great Exhibition. The visible stability of the system of construction gives a certain feeling of security as a counterpoise to the astonishment which the enormous size creates. On the other hand it is not to be denied that artistic execution in the forms of the constructive parts is wanting, though many difficulties would perhaps have had to be overcome to attain this without the structure suffering as regards solidity. These constructive elements, moreover, are not used as leading to further æsthetic development, so that a real artistic value can only be attributed to the novel impression of the whole, which is produced by the large dimensions and transparent walls."

Crystal Palace at Sydenham

"But perhaps the most effective and suitable employment of iron is shown in connection with glass, as…

"Draw three-inch square. Draw lines AB, BC, DE and EF at 30 degrees. Divide lower side into seven equal parts with the dividers. Draw the vertical lines, and mark divisions on AC with pencil as each line is drawn. Through the division points on top and bottom draw the converging lines using the triangle alone as a straight-edge." —French, 1911

Drawing Converging Lines

"Draw three-inch square. Draw lines AB, BC, DE and EF at 30 degrees. Divide lower side into seven equal…

"Draw a circle three inches in diameter. Divide the circumference into five equal parts by trial with dividers. From these points draw radial lines and divide each into four equal parts with spacers. With these points as centers draw the semicircles as shown The radial lines are not to be inked." —French, 1911

Drawing Tangent Arcs with Compass and Dividers

"Draw a circle three inches in diameter. Divide the circumference into five equal parts by trial with…

Create diameters with major, minor axes, or a pair of conjugate diameters. Construct a parallelogram, then divide into equal parts creating intersections for the curve.

Construction of Ellipse using Parallelogram

Create diameters with major, minor axes, or a pair of conjugate diameters. Construct a parallelogram,…

"A circle may be conceived as a polygon of an infinite number of sides. Thus to draw the involute of a circle divide it into a convenient number of parts, draw tangents at these points, lay off on these tangents the rectified lengths of the arch from the point of tangency to the starting point, and connect the points by a smooth curve." —French, 1911

Involute of Circle

"A circle may be conceived as a polygon of an infinite number of sides. Thus to draw the involute of…

"Divide the circumference into a number of equal parts, drawing the radii and numbering the points. Divide the radius No. 1 into the same number of equal parts, numbering from the center. With C as center draw concentric arcs intersecting the radii of corresponding numbers, and draw a smooth curve through these intersections." —French, 1911

Draw Spiral of Archimedes

"Divide the circumference into a number of equal parts, drawing the radii and numbering the points.…

The representation of an outstretched human arm the hand of which holds a bunch of herbs. Herbs are plants that are valued for flavor, scent, and other qualities, they are used in cooking, medicines, and spiritual purposes.

Human Arm Reaching for Herb Medicine

The representation of an outstretched human arm the hand of which holds a bunch of herbs. Herbs are…

This cart fender is the part of an automobile that frames the wheel. The primary purpose of the fender is to prevent sand, mud, rocks, and other forms of debris from being thrown into the air by the rotating tire.

Cart use Fender

This cart fender is the part of an automobile that frames the wheel. The primary purpose of the fender…

Various tobacco planters were invented in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The tobacco planters were used to automate the process of making the hole, fertilizing it, and guiding the plant inward all with one motion.

Two Wheeled Tobacco Planter

Various tobacco planters were invented in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The tobacco planters…

An insulator is a material that resists the flow of electric current. An insulating material has atoms with tightly bonded valence electrons. These materials are used in parts of electrical equipment, as insulation. The term is also used to refer to insulating supports that attach electric power transmission wires to utility poles. Some materials such as glass, paper, or Teflon are very good electrical insulators.

Electric Wire Insulator

An insulator is a material that resists the flow of electric current. An insulating material has atoms…

An AC motor is an electric motor that is driven by an alternating current. It consists of two basic parts, an outside stationary stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft that is given a torque by the rotating field. There are two types of AC motors, depending on the type of rotor used. The first is the synchronous motor, which rotates exactly at the supply frequency or a sub multiple of the supply frequency. The magnetic field on the rotor is either generated by current delivered through slip rings or by a permanent magnet.The second type is the induction motor, which turns slightly slower than the supply frequency. The magnetic field on the rotor of this motor is created by an induced current.

Current Motor

An AC motor is an electric motor that is driven by an alternating current. It consists of two basic…

A rolled out image of a cone by dividing the base in equal parts and arcs to measure the true lengths.

Development of Cone

A rolled out image of a cone by dividing the base in equal parts and arcs to measure the true lengths.

"The intersection of two cylinders might represent a dome on a boiler. If the top view of cylinder A is divided into a number of equal parts the points will represent the top views of elements."—French, 1911

Intersection of Two Cylinders

"The intersection of two cylinders might represent a dome on a boiler. If the top view of cylinder A…

Development and top completion exercise problem of the cone by dividing the base into equal parts and creating an arc to revolve the sides of the plane.

Development Exercise of Cone

Development and top completion exercise problem of the cone by dividing the base into equal parts and…

This device is similar to a water mill. A water mill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour, lumber or textile production, or metal shaping. A water mill that generates electricity is usually called a hydroelectric plant.

Device for Lifting Water

This device is similar to a water mill. A water mill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine…

Pottery is the ceramic ware made by potters. Major types of pottery include earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. The places where such wares are made are called potteries. Pottery is one of the oldest human technologies and art-forms, and remains a major industry today. Ceramic art covers the art of pottery, whether in items made for use or purely for decoration.

Plant Holder

Pottery is the ceramic ware made by potters. Major types of pottery include earthenware, stoneware,…

A pilot's cockpit from a propeller aeroplane, or airplane. The diagram illustrates the different parts of the cockpit used to control the plane. The cockpit contains gauges; watch; joystick controlling ailerons and elevators; and wires to adjust wings.

Aeroplane Cockpit

A pilot's cockpit from a propeller aeroplane, or airplane. The diagram illustrates the different parts…

An outside view of the spherical triangle from a church. The window has three rounded parts in a shape of a triangle.

Gothic Architecture Spherical Triangle Outside Window

An outside view of the spherical triangle from a church. The window has three rounded parts in a shape…

"For sprockets of different diameters, small rings D are used, of different diameters. The nut C is screwed on and off by a wrench; it has grooves, in order to get rid of the turnings that fall on the threads of the studs." —Grimshaw, 1902

Bicycle Sprockets Gear

"For sprockets of different diameters, small rings D are used, of different diameters. The nut C is…

A device to create small taper pins by turning the spindle. Taper pins are inserted into the hole to fasten two mechanical parts.

Turning Small Taper Pins

A device to create small taper pins by turning the spindle. Taper pins are inserted into the hole to…

A plan of the Mark I Tank with the interior moving mechanical parts labeled. The tank was used during World War I by the British Army.

Mark I Tank Plan

A plan of the Mark I Tank with the interior moving mechanical parts labeled. The tank was used during…

The top interior view of the Mark IV Tank showing the belt drive and other mechanical parts to move the tank.

Mark IV Tank Top View Plan

The top interior view of the Mark IV Tank showing the belt drive and other mechanical parts to move…

An automobile starter is an electric motor which uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, very typically through the interaction of magnetic frields.

Automobile Starter

An automobile starter is an electric motor which uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy,…

This is an elongated muffler which is used in motored vehicles to reduce the amount of noise emitted by an engine.

Exhaust Muffler

This is an elongated muffler which is used in motored vehicles to reduce the amount of noise emitted…

"The intersection of the principal rays in this case lies in the middle of the entrance pupil or of the exit pupil. By head and eye motion the various parts of the whole field can be viewed one after another." —Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910

Optical Position of Diaphragms using Lens

"The intersection of the principal rays in this case lies in the middle of the entrance pupil or of…

This is the body attachment for a drilling machine which is composed of the adjustable socket which houses the drill bit component that actually makes contact with the material.

Drill and Socket Construction

This is the body attachment for a drilling machine which is composed of the adjustable socket which…

This stem winding watch is a mechanical watch which is wound automatically by the natural motion of internally rotating parts

Self Winding Watch

This stem winding watch is a mechanical watch which is wound automatically by the natural motion of…

A Baker demonstration light microscope illustrating the different parts of the microscope. The eyepiece is adjusted at knob F. The mirror J reflects light from a light source to shine light through the sample.

Baker Demonstration Light Microscope with Mirror Reflecting Light Source

A Baker demonstration light microscope illustrating the different parts of the microscope. The eyepiece…

"Moonwort, or moon—fern, in botany belonging to the order Ophioglossaceae. It has a tuberous root—stock and a stout fleshy glabrous fround 3 to 6 in. long, with a sterile and fertile portion." —Encyclopaedia Britannica

Botrychium Lunaria Moonwort Fern with Root

"Moonwort, or moon—fern, in botany belonging to the order Ophioglossaceae. It has a tuberous root—stock…

A Mediterranean fig, Ficus Carica, with a branch with leaves and buds. The fruit, numbered 3, is sliced lengthwise showing the seeds.

Ficus Carica Fig with Fruit and Leaves

A Mediterranean fig, Ficus Carica, with a branch with leaves and buds. The fruit, numbered 3, is sliced…

An indian Rubber Fig, Ficus Elastica, shoot. The stipule, s, is shown to illustrate a new leaf growth on the plant.

Indian Rubber Fig Ficus Elastica Shoot

An indian Rubber Fig, Ficus Elastica, shoot. The stipule, s, is shown to illustrate a new leaf growth…

A branch from a black mulberry with fruits and leaves. The plant have both male and female flowers are used for reproduction by pollination.

Black Mulberry Branch with Fruits and Leaves

A branch from a black mulberry with fruits and leaves. The plant have both male and female flowers are…

A key is an instrument that is used to operate a lock. A typical key consists of two parts like the one shown, the blade, which is the part that slides into the key way of the lock and distinguishes between different keys and the bow, which is left protruding so that torque can be applied by the user.

Multiple Purpose Key

A key is an instrument that is used to operate a lock. A typical key consists of two parts like the…

A light with a reflector and lens mounted on the front of a locomotive, automobile, or other vehicle. Also called headlamp.

Automobile Headlight

A light with a reflector and lens mounted on the front of a locomotive, automobile, or other vehicle.…

"One of the chief advantages of the side—chain drive lies in the fact that there is, with it, less weight below the springs than with any other form of final drive. The only parts below the springs are: the fixed back axle; the chain rings; the road wheels themselves; the road—wheel brakes and part of the weight of the chains." —Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910

Six Ton Wagon Chassis

"One of the chief advantages of the side—chain drive lies in the fact that there is, with it,…

A perennial woody plant having a main trunk and usually a distinct crown.

Tree Prop

A perennial woody plant having a main trunk and usually a distinct crown.

An illustration of the letter A and a potted plant.

Decorative Letter A

An illustration of the letter A and a potted plant.

An illustration of the letter O and a potted plant.

Decorative Letter O

An illustration of the letter O and a potted plant.

An illustration of the letter N and a potted plant.

Decorative Letter N

An illustration of the letter N and a potted plant.

A generally disk-shaped fastener used to join two parts of a garment by fitting through a buttonhole or loop.

Clothing Button

A generally disk-shaped fastener used to join two parts of a garment by fitting through a buttonhole…

"A wheel which contains and supports the various parts of the governor is keyed to the shaft. Two arms, having weights A A at the ends, are pivoted to the arms of the wheel at b b. The ends having the weights are connected to the collar on the loose eccentric C by means of rods B B." —Derr, 1911

Buckeye Engine Governor

"A wheel which contains and supports the various parts of the governor is keyed to the shaft. Two arms,…

An illustration of a Traveller's Palm or Traveller's Tree which is a species of plant from Madagascar. It is actually not really a palm, but a member of the bird of paradise family.

Traveller's Palm

An illustration of a Traveller's Palm or Traveller's Tree which is a species of plant from Madagascar.…

An illustration of a Lace-Leaf plant also known as a Lattice Leaf or Lace Plant. The Lace-Leaf plant is an aquatic plant with oblong leaf blades measuring up to 65 cm. The leaves of the plant lay beneath the water and are purely skeletal, with not tissue. The flowers grow above the water's surface.

Lace-leaf Plant

An illustration of a Lace-Leaf plant also known as a Lattice Leaf or Lace Plant. The Lace-Leaf plant…

An illustration of a Madagascan drinking cup made from a leaf of the "Traveller's Tree".

Drinking Cup

An illustration of a Madagascan drinking cup made from a leaf of the "Traveller's Tree".

A hairy aromatic perennial herb (Nepeta cataria) in the mint family, native to Eurasia and containing an aromatic oil to which cats are strongly attracted.

Toy Catnip Ball

A hairy aromatic perennial herb (Nepeta cataria) in the mint family, native to Eurasia and containing…

A cane is a long, straight wooden stick, generally of bamboo, Malacca (rattan) or some similar plant, mainly used as a support, such as a walking stick, or as an instrument of punishment.

Cane Stripper

A cane is a long, straight wooden stick, generally of bamboo, Malacca (rattan) or some similar plant,…

"Hydra viridis, the freshwater polyp. The animal is attached to the stem of a plant, and is represented with the base of attachment uppermost; the mouth, not actually seen in the drawing, is at the lower extremity of the body, surrounded by the circle tentacles." — Encyclopaedia Britannica Company, 1910

Freshwater Polyp

"Hydra viridis, the freshwater polyp. The animal is attached to the stem of a plant, and is represented…

Dense stands of hardwood trees that grow on natural rises of only a few inches higher than surrounding marshland.

Tree Hammocks

Dense stands of hardwood trees that grow on natural rises of only a few inches higher than surrounding…

Machine used to form specialized parts by cutting (milling) material from a solid block of metal.

Milling Machine

Machine used to form specialized parts by cutting (milling) material from a solid block of metal.

An engine, as a turbine, in which the impelling fluid produces torque directly rather than by acting upon reciprocating parts.

Rotary Engine

An engine, as a turbine, in which the impelling fluid produces torque directly rather than by acting…

A machine which spreads manure, Any natural or artificial substance for fertilizing the soil.

Spreader of Manure

A machine which spreads manure, Any natural or artificial substance for fertilizing the soil.