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The Renaissance square panel is mosaic flooring design found in a cathedral in Spoleto, Itlay.

Renaissance Square Panel

The Renaissance square panel is mosaic flooring design found in a cathedral in Spoleto, Itlay.

The Renaissance square panel is an intarsia (wood inlaying) design found on the stalls of a church in Pavia, Italy.

Renaissance Square Panel

The Renaissance square panel is an intarsia (wood inlaying) design found on the stalls of a church in…

This Renaissance square panel are majolica tiles (Italian ceramics) found in Siena, Italy.

Renaissance Square Panel

This Renaissance square panel are majolica tiles (Italian ceramics) found in Siena, Italy.

The Renaissance square panel is an intarsia (wood inlaying) designed by wood carver Antonio Mercatello during in 1500.

Renaissance Square Panel

The Renaissance square panel is an intarsia (wood inlaying) designed by wood carver Antonio Mercatello…

This Renaissance square panel is found on the door of the Madonna di Galliera in Bologna, Italy.

Renaissance Square Panel

This Renaissance square panel is found on the door of the Madonna di Galliera in Bologna, Italy.

This Renaissance square panel is found on the door of the Madonna di Galliera in Bologna, Italy.

Renaissance Square Panel

This Renaissance square panel is found on the door of the Madonna di Galliera in Bologna, Italy.

The Wrought-iron square panel is a French 17th century design.

Wrought-Iron Square Panel

The Wrought-iron square panel is a French 17th century design.

This Wrought-iron square panel is a modern design.

Wrought-Iron Square Panel

This Wrought-iron square panel is a modern design.

The Wrought-iron square panel is a German Renaissance design.

Wrought-Iron Square Panel

The Wrought-iron square panel is a German Renaissance design.

The Wrought-iron square panel is a German Renaissance design.

Wrought-Iron Square Panel

The Wrought-iron square panel is a German Renaissance design.

This Wrought-iron square panel design was designed in 1713, Oxford, England.

Wrought-Iron Square Panel

This Wrought-iron square panel design was designed in 1713, Oxford, England.

This Wrought-iron square panel is a modern design.

Wrought-Iron Square Panel

This Wrought-iron square panel is a modern design.

This Wrought-iron square panel is a modern design.

Wrought-Iron Square Panel

This Wrought-iron square panel is a modern design.

This Wrought-iron square panel is a modern design.

Wrought-Iron Square Panel

This Wrought-iron square panel is a modern design.

This Wrought-iron square panel was is a 17th century design by George Klain in Salzburg, Austria.

Wrought-Iron Square Panel

This Wrought-iron square panel was is a 17th century design by George Klain in Salzburg, Austria.

The Medieval table has one leg used as a support that was either fastened to the floor or the lower end is spread-out so that the table may stand firmly. The top of the table is square and is united to the leg by means of screw, so that it maybe taken-off.

Medieval Table

The Medieval table has one leg used as a support that was either fastened to the floor or the lower…

The most interesting monuments of Etruscan architecture which have been preserved are the tombs. They are for the most part chambers hewn in the rock, and supported by square piers. The tombs were either subterranean, and had an entrance façade hewn out of the rock, or they assume the shape of tumuli, which had one or more conical elevations resting on a superstructure.

Tumuli

The most interesting monuments of Etruscan architecture which have been preserved are the tombs. They…

The most interesting monuments of Etruscan architecture which have been preserved are the tombs. They are for the most part chambers hewn in the rock, and supported by square piers. The tombs were either subterranean, and had an entrance façade hewn out of the rock, or they assume the shape of tumuli, which had one or more conical elevations resting on a superstructure. Sometimes these tombs are quadrangular with a pyramidal superstructure

Etruscan Tomb at Castel d'Asso

The most interesting monuments of Etruscan architecture which have been preserved are the tombs. They…

St Mark's Campanile is the bell tower of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy, located in the square (piazza) of the same name. It is a recognizable symbol of the city. The tower is 98.6 meters tall, and stands alone in a corner of St Mark's Square, near the front of the basilica. It has a simple form, the bulk of which is a plain brick shaft, 12 meters on a side and 50 meters tall, above which is the arched belfry, housing five bells. The belfry is topped by a cube, alternate faces of which show walking lions and the female representation of Venice (la Giustizia: Justice). The tower is capped by a pyramidal spire, at the top of which sits a golden weathervane in the form of the archangel Gabriel. The campanile reached its present form in 1514. As it stands today, however, the tower is a reconstruction, completed in 1912 after the collapse of 1902.

St. Mark's Campanile

St Mark's Campanile is the bell tower of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy, located in the square…

Giotto's bell tower (campanile) stands on the Cathedral square (Piazza del Duomo) in Florence, Italy. This bell tower is one of the showpieces of the Florentine gothic style. Standing isolated next to the Cathedral Santa Maria del Fiore and in front of the Baptistery of St. John, this splendid construction attracts the eye and the admiration of every art lover by its design, rich sculptural decorations and the many-coloured marble encrustations.

Giotto's Campanile

Giotto's bell tower (campanile) stands on the Cathedral square (Piazza del Duomo) in Florence, Italy.…

An illustration of a lotus decorated capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Lotus Capital

An illustration of a lotus decorated capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical…

An illustration of a papyrus decorated capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Papyrus Capital

An illustration of a papyrus decorated capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical…

An illustration of a lotus decorated capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Lotus Capital

An illustration of a lotus decorated capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical…

An illustration of a Persian capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Persian Capital

An illustration of a Persian capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture,…

An illustration of an early Greek capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Early Greek Capital

An illustration of an early Greek capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical…

An illustration of a Corithian capital from the Tholos of Epidaurus. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Corinthian Capital

An illustration of a Corithian capital from the Tholos of Epidaurus. In several traditions of architecture…

An illustration of a Byzantine capital from the central portal of St. Mark's Venice. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Byzantine Capitals

An illustration of a Byzantine capital from the central portal of St. Mark's Venice. In several traditions…

An illustration of a Byzantine capital from the the Church of St. Vitale, Ravenna. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Byzantine Capitals

An illustration of a Byzantine capital from the the Church of St. Vitale, Ravenna. In several traditions…

An illustration of a Byzantine capital from the the Church of St. Vitale, Ravenna. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Byzantine Capitals

An illustration of a Byzantine capital from the the Church of St. Vitale, Ravenna. In several traditions…

An illustration of a cushion capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Cushion Capitals

An illustration of a cushion capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture,…

An illustration of a Romanesque capitals from the cloister of Monreale near Palermo, Sicily. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Romanesque Capitals

An illustration of a Romanesque capitals from the cloister of Monreale near Palermo, Sicily. In several…

An illustration of a Gothic capitals from Wells Cathedral. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Gothic Capitals

An illustration of a Gothic capitals from Wells Cathedral. In several traditions of architecture including…

An illustration of a Gothic capitals from from Amiens Cathedral. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Gothic Capitals

An illustration of a Gothic capitals from from Amiens Cathedral. In several traditions of architecture…

An illustration of Italian Renaissance capital from St. Maria dei Miracoli, Venice. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Italian Renaissance Capitals

An illustration of Italian Renaissance capital from St. Maria dei Miracoli, Venice. In several traditions…

The construction of arches and vaults did not remain confined to the interior of buildings, but imparted its own expression to the architecture of the exterior also; for the shape of openings became circular instead of square, although they were surrounded by half-columns gave a rectilinear finish to the whole.

Architecture of the Colosseum

The construction of arches and vaults did not remain confined to the interior of buildings, but imparted…

"The usual form of independent monumental tombs was a ponderous tower-shaped block, sometimes square, and sometimes round, with a quadrangular substructure; as, for instance, the tomb of Cæcilia Metella at Rome, which belongs to the time of Julius Cæsar, and which was used in the Middle Ages as a fortress, with battlements added to it.

Tomb of Cæcilia Metella

"The usual form of independent monumental tombs was a ponderous tower-shaped block, sometimes square,…

"Dome-System of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. The Byzantine style of this first period reached its highest example and splendor in the church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. After this church, which was originally built by Constantine, had been burnt to the ground, it was rebuilt, with the utmost care, and at great expense, by Justinian. On each of he open sides of the dome-covered square there abuts a semicircle with semi-domes of somewhat inferior height to the main dome." This diagram shows how the semi-domes are penetrated on each side by three smaller vaults.

Dome System of Hagia Sophia

"Dome-System of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. The Byzantine style of this first period…

"Section of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. The Byzantine style of this first period reached its highest example and splendor in the church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. After this church, which was originally built by Constantine, had been burnt to the ground, it was rebuilt, with the utmost care, and at great expense, by Justinian. On each of he open sides of the dome-covered square there abuts a semicircle with semi-domes of somewhat inferior height to the main dome."

Section of Hagia Sophia

"Section of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. The Byzantine style of this first period reached…

"A column supporting a horizontal square slab at right angles with the picture plane. A pole leans against the wall behind, and cast sit shadow on the column. Sun's inclination 40°, elevation 35°." (Britannica, 1891)

Shadows of an Column Supporting a Horizontal Square

"A column supporting a horizontal square slab at right angles with the picture plane. A pole leans against…

The Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) is a seal in the Phocidae family of true or earless seals.

Bearded Seal

The Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) is a seal in the Phocidae family of true or earless seals.

An illustration of a square and triangles within the square. This is an example of a problem that can be used to fine the distances of two inaccessible objects without measuring elevation and whether on a horizontal plane or not.

Square

An illustration of a square and triangles within the square. This is an example of a problem that can…

The modern square panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effects.

Modern Square Panel

The modern square panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative…

This modern panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effects.

Modern Parquetry Panel

This modern panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effects.

The modern square panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effects.

Modern Square Panel

The modern square panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative…

The modern square panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effects.

Modern Square Panel

The modern square panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative…

The modern square panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effects.

Modern Square Panel

The modern square panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative…

The modern square panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effects.

Modern Square Panel

The modern square panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative…

The modern panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effects.

Modern Square Panel

The modern panel is a parquetry design of a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effects.

The mosaic circle pattern is inlaid pieces of stone, wood, glass, leather or straw to make a picture or pattern. This design is found in a cathedral in Monreale, Sicily, Italy.

Mosaic Square Pattern

The mosaic circle pattern is inlaid pieces of stone, wood, glass, leather or straw to make a picture…

The Arabian mosaic circle pattern is inlaid pieces of stucco on stone.

Arabian Mosaic Square Pattern

The Arabian mosaic circle pattern is inlaid pieces of stucco on stone.

An illustration of a lever safety valve. "Suppose the valve A is just suppose to open when the steam pressure under it is 120 lb. per square inch, that mean area of the valve exposed to steam pressure is 4 square inches, the weight of the valve 4ln., the distance C D being 3 inches the centre of gravity of the lever 7 inches from D, and its weight 6 lb.; where must the weight E - which is 50 lb. - be placed on the lever? The total upward force on the valve is 120 × 4 - 4 = 476 lb., and the moment of this force about D is 476 × 3 = 1428. This is the only negative moment, all other forces tending to turn the lever the opposite way." -New, 1891

Lever Safety Valve

An illustration of a lever safety valve. "Suppose the valve A is just suppose to open when the steam…

Illustration used to show how to inscribe a square in a given circle.

Construction Of Square Inscribed In Circle

Illustration used to show how to inscribe a square in a given circle.

"Naut.: A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder at one end, used to support a topmast or topgallantmast when swayed up into place. The fid passes through a square hole in the heel of its mast, and its ends rest on the trestletrees." -Whitney, 1911

Mast Fid

"Naut.: A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder at one end, used to support a topmast or topgallantmast…

"Files. a, cotter-file when large, and verge- or pivot-file when small; b, square file (parallel or taper); c, banking or watch-pinion file when parallel, and knife-file when tape; d, half-round, nicking, piercing, or round-off file; e, round, gulleting, or rat-tail file; f, triangular, three-square, or saw file; g, equaling, clock-pinion, or endless-screw file when parallel, and slitting, entering, warding, or barrel-hole file when tape; h, cross- or double-half-round file; i, screw-head, feather-edge, or slitting file." -Whitney, 1911

Types of Files

"Files. a, cotter-file when large, and verge- or pivot-file when small; b, square file (parallel or…

Bird's eye view of about 2 square miles of terminal moraine. Lakes shown by horizontal shading; swamps are dotted.

Terminal Moraines

Bird's eye view of about 2 square miles of terminal moraine. Lakes shown by horizontal shading; swamps…

An illustration of an empty small wooden box.

Empty Wooden Box

An illustration of an empty small wooden box.

An illustration of a wooden box filled with eggs and hay.

Eggs in Wooden Box

An illustration of a wooden box filled with eggs and hay.

The marker consists of a square plinth topped by an obelisk and resting on a stepped platform. There are trees in the background and some vegetation in the foreground with the cat.

Grave Marker

The marker consists of a square plinth topped by an obelisk and resting on a stepped platform. There…

Street scene in Strasburg with public square in the foreground and a church spire in the background.

Street Scene in the City of Strasburg

Street scene in Strasburg with public square in the foreground and a church spire in the background.

Tangrams, invented by the Chinese, are used to develop geometric thinking and spatial sense. Seven figures consisting of triangles, squares, and parallelograms are used to construct the given shape. This tangram depicts a double arch.

Double Arch

Tangrams, invented by the Chinese, are used to develop geometric thinking and spatial sense. Seven figures…