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An illustration of a double variety dahlia flower. Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, perennial plants native to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. There at least 36 species of Dahlia. Dahlia hybrids are commonly grown as garden plants. The Aztecs gathered and cultivated the dahlia for food, ceremony, as well as decorative purposes, and the long woody stem of one variety was used for small pipes

Dahlia

An illustration of a double variety dahlia flower. Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, perennial plants…

"1. Flowering plant of Bulrush (Scirpus lacustris). 2. The inflorescence. a, a flower; b, the fruit." -Whitney, 1911

Bulrush

"1. Flowering plant of Bulrush (Scirpus lacustris). 2. The inflorescence. a, a flower; b, the fruit."…

The Common Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) is a flowering plant in the Boraginaceae family. Here showing its scorpioid inflorescence.

Common Comfrey

The Common Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) is a flowering plant in the Boraginaceae family. Here showing…

The hop (Humulus) is a small genus of flowering plants, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The female flowers, commonly called hops, are used as flavoring and stabilizers during beer brewing. The hop is part of the family Cannabaceae, which also includes the genus cannabis (also known as hemp). Hops are the female flower cones of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus). They are used primarily as a flavoring and stability agent in beer, and also in other beverages and in herbal medicine. The first documented use in beer is from the eleventh century. Hops contain several characteristics favorable to beer, balancing the sweetness of the malt with bitterness, contributing flowery, citrus, fruity or herbal aromas, and having an antibiotic effect that favors the activity of brewer's yeast over less desirable microorganisms. The hop plant is a vigorous climbing herbaceous perennial, usually grown up strings in a field called a hopfield, hop garden or hop yard. Many different varieties of hops are grown by farmers all around the world, with different types being used for particular styles of beer.

Hops

The hop (Humulus) is a small genus of flowering plants, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.…

Crocus (plural: crocus, crocuses) is a genus of perennial flowering plants, native to a large area from coastal and subalpine areas of central and southern Europe (including the islands of the Aegean), North Africa and the Middle East, across Central Asia to western China. The genus Crocus is placed botanically in the iris family (Iridaceae). The plants grow from corms and are mainly hardy perennials, and are found in a wide range of habitats, including woodland, scrub and meadows. There are about eighty species of crocus (of which approximately 30 are cultivated). Their cup-shaped, solitary, salverform flowers taper off into a narrow tube. Their color varies enormously, although lilac, mauve, yellow and white are predominant. The grass-like, ensiform leaf shows generally a white central stripe along the leaf axis. The leaf margin is entire. All crocuses typically have three stamens. The spice saffron is obtained from the stigmas of Crocus sativus, an autumn/fall-blooming species.

Crocus

Crocus (plural: crocus, crocuses) is a genus of perennial flowering plants, native to a large area from…

Cirsium arvense is a species of Cirsium, native throughout Europe and northern Asia, and widely introduced elsewhere. The standard English name in its native area is Creeping Thistle. It is a tall herbaceous perennial plant, forming extensive clonal colonies from an underground root system that sends up numerous erect stems each spring, reaching 1–1.2 m tall (occasionally more); the stems often lie partly flat by summer but can stay erect if supported by other vegetation. The leaves are very spiny, lobed, up to 15–20 cm long and 2–3 cm broad (smaller on the upper part of the flower stem). The inflorescence is 10–22 mm diameter, pink-purple, with all the florets of similar form (no division into disc and ray florets). The flowers are usually dioecious, but not invariably so, with some plants bearing hermaphrodite flowers. The seeds are 4–5 mm long, with a feathery pappus which assists in wind dispersal.

Canada Thistle

Cirsium arvense is a species of Cirsium, native throughout Europe and northern Asia, and widely introduced…

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual, usually with many long sharp spines on the leaves. Plants are 30 to 150 cm tall with globular flower heads (capitula) and commonly, brilliant yellow, orange or red flowers which bloom in July. Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads containing 15 to 20 seeds per head. Safflower has a strong taproot which enables it to thrive in dry climates, but the plant is very susceptible to frost injury from stem elongation to maturity.

Safflower

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual, usually with…

"The inflorescence of Maryland Figwort (Scrophularia Marylandica). a, the flower; b, the fruit; c, a seed; d, a leaf." -Whitney, 1911

Maryland Figwort

"The inflorescence of Maryland Figwort (Scrophularia Marylandica). a, the flower; b, the fruit; c, a…

An illustration of a sea-lily fossil.

Sea-lily

An illustration of a sea-lily fossil.

Externally the temples presented only masses of unbroken wall; but these, as well as the pylons, were covered with huge pictures of a historical character. Only in the tombs do we find painted ornament of a purely conventional sort. Rosettes, diaper patterns, spirals, and checkers are to be met with in them; but many of these can be traced to symbolic origins.

Egyptian Floral Ornament Form

Externally the temples presented only masses of unbroken wall; but these, as well as the pylons, were…

The purely conventional ornaments — the rosette, guilloche, and lotus-flower, and probably also the palmette — were derived from Egyptian originals. They were treated, however, in a quite new spirit and adapted to the special materials and uses of their environment. Thes the form of the palmette, even if derived, as is not likely, from the Egyptian lotus-motive, was assimilated to the more familiar palm-forms of Assyria.

Assyrian Ornament

The purely conventional ornaments — the rosette, guilloche, and lotus-flower, and probably also…

An illustration of the flower (a) and the fruit (b) of the gutta-percha. Gutta-percha (Palaquium) is a genus of tropical trees native to Southeast Asia and northern Australasia, from Taiwan south to Malaya and east to the Solomon Islands. It is also an inelastic natural latex produced from the sap of these trees. The word 'gutta-percha' comes from the plant's name in Malay, getah perca, which translates as "percha rubber".

Gutta-percha

An illustration of the flower (a) and the fruit (b) of the gutta-percha. Gutta-percha (Palaquium) is…

Cynoglossum officinale (hound's tongue, dog's tongue, gypsy flower, and rats and mice due to its smell) is a herbaceous plant of the family Boraginaceae, found in most parts of Europe, and also North America where it was accidentally introduced. It can be either annual or biennial, with reddish-purple flowers blooming between May and September. It lives in wet places, waste land and hedges.

Hound's Tongue

Cynoglossum officinale (hound's tongue, dog's tongue, gypsy flower, and rats and mice due to its smell)…

An illustration of a grapevine flower after the petals have fallen.

Grapevine Flower

An illustration of a grapevine flower after the petals have fallen.

An illustration showing a "floral diagram of [the' Viola [plant], showing arrangement of parts in horizontal plan. b, pair of bractoeles below the flower; s, sepals; p, petals; st, stamens; o, ovary" (Britannica, 102).

Viola Diagram

An illustration showing a "floral diagram of [the' Viola [plant], showing arrangement of parts in horizontal…

The fertile plant of the Resurrection Plant (Selaginella lepidophylla), a spikemoss which lives in deserts.

Resurrection Plant

The fertile plant of the Resurrection Plant (Selaginella lepidophylla), a spikemoss which lives in deserts.

"Self-heal. (Prunella vulgaris). The upper part of the stem with flowers. a, the calyx; b, the corolla; c, a leaf; d, a bract from the inflorescence." -Whitney, 1911

Self-Heal

"Self-heal. (Prunella vulgaris). The upper part of the stem with flowers. a, the calyx; b, the corolla;…

"Flowering branch of Senna (Cassia obovata). a, a pod." -Whitney, 1911

Senna

"Flowering branch of Senna (Cassia obovata). a, a pod." -Whitney, 1911

"a, flower of Caltha palustris, showing the petaloid sepals s." -Whitney, 1911

Kingcup

"a, flower of Caltha palustris, showing the petaloid sepals s." -Whitney, 1911

"b, one of the sepals" of the flower of Caltha palustris, or Kingcup. -Whitney, 1911

Kingcup Sepal

"b, one of the sepals" of the flower of Caltha palustris, or Kingcup. -Whitney, 1911

"c, flower of Cerastium longipedunculatum, seen from below: s, a sepal." -Whitney, 1911

Nodding Chickweed

"c, flower of Cerastium longipedunculatum, seen from below: s, a sepal." -Whitney, 1911

"d, calyx, showing the five free sepals" of the Nodding Chickweed (Cerastium nutans) -Whitney, 1911

Nodding Chickweed

"d, calyx, showing the five free sepals" of the Nodding Chickweed (Cerastium nutans) -Whitney, 1911

An illustration of an ivy plant with the fruit and flower.

Ivy

An illustration of an ivy plant with the fruit and flower.

Jasminum grandiflorum (chameli in Hindi) is a species of jasmine native to South Asia. In India, its leaves are widely used as an Ayurvedic herbal medicine and its flowers are used to adorn the coiffure of women. In Pakistan, it grows wild in the Salt Range and Rawalpindi District at 500-1500 m altitude. It is closely related to, and sometimes treated as merely a form of, Jasminum officinale. It is a scrambling deciduous shrub growing to 2–4 m tall. The leaves are opposite, 5–12 cm long, pinnate with 5–11 leaflets. The flowers are produced in open cymes, the individual flowers are white having corolla with a basal tube 13–25 mm long and five lobes 13–22 mm long. The flower's fragrance is unique and sweet. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in warm temperate and subtropical regions.

Jasminum grandiflorum

Jasminum grandiflorum (chameli in Hindi) is a species of jasmine native to South Asia. In India, its…

An illustrative view of the soft rush. 1, plant; 2, inflorescence; 3, end of branch of inflorescence; 4, flower; 5, fruit; 6, seed; and 7, seed. Soft rush (Juncus effusus) is a member of the Juncus genus found growing in wet areas.

Soft Rush

An illustrative view of the soft rush. 1, plant; 2, inflorescence; 3, end of branch of inflorescence;…

A Rose window (or Catherine window) is often used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but is especially used for those found in churches of the Gothic architectural style and being divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery. The name "rose window" was not used before the 17th century and according to the Oxford English Dictionary, among other authorities, comes from the English flower name rose.

Rose Window, Church of St. Ouen, Rouen

A Rose window (or Catherine window) is often used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but…

A French Gothic capital from Sainte Chapelle in Paris from the thirteenth century. The capitals were tall and slender, concave in profile, with heavy square or octagonal abaci. After the middle of the thirteenth century the carving became more realistic; the leaves, larger and more mature, were treated as if applied to the capital or moulding, not as if they grew out of it.

French Gothic Capital

A French Gothic capital from Sainte Chapelle in Paris from the thirteenth century. The capitals were…

"Fruit of Poppy, cut transversely to show the 12 septa (S) with the seeds." -Whitney, 1911

Poppy Septa

"Fruit of Poppy, cut transversely to show the 12 septa (S) with the seeds." -Whitney, 1911

"Diagram of fruit of Poppy, cut transversely to show the 12 septa (S) with the seeds omitted." -Whitney, 1911

Poppy Septa

"Diagram of fruit of Poppy, cut transversely to show the 12 septa (S) with the seeds omitted." -Whitney,…

A fourteenth century capital from transept of Notre Dame, Paris. The capitals were tall and slender, concave in profile, with heavy square or octagonal abaci. After the middle of the thirteenth century the carving became more realistic; the leaves, larger and more mature, were treated as if applied to the capital or moulding, not as if they grew out of it.

French Gothic Capital

A fourteenth century capital from transept of Notre Dame, Paris. The capitals were tall and slender,…

A fifteenth century capital from the north spire of Chartres. The capitals were tall and slender, concave in profile, with heavy square or octagonal abaci. After the middle of the thirteenth century the carving became more realistic; the leaves, larger and more mature, were treated as if applied to the capital or moulding, not as if they grew out of it.

French Gothic Capital

A fifteenth century capital from the north spire of Chartres. The capitals were tall and slender, concave…

An illustration of a Pilocarpus flower.

Pilocarpus Flower

An illustration of a Pilocarpus flower.

An illustration of Dodder including: 1, flower removed from; 2, Calyx; Ovary cut acrossed; 4, fruit enveloped by a persistent corolla; 5, seed; and 6, embryo. Dodder) is a genus of about 100-170 species of yellow, orange or red (rarely green) parasitic plants. Formerly treated as the only genus in the family Cuscutaceae, recent genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has shown that it is correctly placed in the family Convolvulaceae. The genus is found throughout the temperate to tropical regions of the world, with the greatest species diversity in subtropical and tropical regions; the genus becomes rare in cool temperate climates, with e.g. only four species native to northern Europe.

Dodder

An illustration of Dodder including: 1, flower removed from; 2, Calyx; Ovary cut acrossed; 4, fruit…

An illustration of duckweed inflorescence containing two male flowers each of one stamen and a female flower, the whole enclosed in a sheath. Duckweed is an important food source for waterfowl and are eaten by humans in some parts of Southeast Asia.

Duckweed Inflorescence

An illustration of duckweed inflorescence containing two male flowers each of one stamen and a female…

A branch of the Canadian Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis), a shrub or small tree, showing flowers.

Canadian Serviceberry

A branch of the Canadian Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis), a shrub or small tree, showing flowers.

The Sesame (Sesamum orientale, Sesamum indicum) is a flowering plant in the Pedaliaceae family of pedaliums or sesames used for its edible seeds and oil.

Sesame

The Sesame (Sesamum orientale, Sesamum indicum) is a flowering plant in the Pedaliaceae family of pedaliums…

The Toadshade (Trillium sessile) is a spring wildflower in the Melanthiaceae family of herbs and trilliums.

Toadshade

The Toadshade (Trillium sessile) is a spring wildflower in the Melanthiaceae family of herbs and trilliums.

The Sessile Bellwort (Uvularia sessilifolia) is a species of bellworts, here showing its sessile leaves.

Sessile Bellwort

The Sessile Bellwort (Uvularia sessilifolia) is a species of bellworts, here showing its sessile leaves.

The flowering branch of a camphor tree (Dryobalanops aromatica).

Camphor Tree

The flowering branch of a camphor tree (Dryobalanops aromatica).

Species: Habenaria spp. View of a single flower showing its strange, fringed lip.

Fringed Orchid

Species: Habenaria spp. View of a single flower showing its strange, fringed lip.

Species: Habenaria spp. View of a single flower showing its strange, fringed lip.

Fringed Orchid

Species: Habenaria spp. View of a single flower showing its strange, fringed lip.

Species: Habenaria spp. From a spike of the purple fringed orchis.

Fringed Orchid

Species: Habenaria spp. From a spike of the purple fringed orchis.

Species: Habenaria spp. From the ragged fringed orchis.

Fringed Orchid

Species: Habenaria spp. From the ragged fringed orchis.

The Tuberous Grass Pink (Calopogon tuberosus) is an orchid native to the eastern United States from as far southwest as Texas and Oklahoma and southeast to the Florida Everglades to as far northeast as Maine and as far northwest as Minnesota. It is listed as an endangered species by the states of Illinois, Kentucky, and Maryland, and as exploitably vulnerable by New York. In Canada it is found in the provinces of Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec. It also is found in Cuba and the Bahamas.

Tuberous Grass Pink

The Tuberous Grass Pink (Calopogon tuberosus) is an orchid native to the eastern United States from…

The Tuberous Grass Pink (Calopogon tuberosus) is an orchid native to the eastern United States from as far southwest as Texas and Oklahoma and southeast to the Florida Everglades to as far northeast as Maine and as far northwest as Minnesota. It is listed as an endangered species by the states of Illinois, Kentucky, and Maryland, and as exploitably vulnerable by New York. In Canada it is found in the provinces of Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec. It also is found in Cuba and the Bahamas.

Tuberous Grass Pink

The Tuberous Grass Pink (Calopogon tuberosus) is an orchid native to the eastern United States from…

The Chay Root (Oldenlandia umbellata) is a plant native to India used for the red dye that can be extracted from its root. "Shaya-root ... a, flower; b, pistil and calyx." -Whitney, 1911

Chay Root

The Chay Root (Oldenlandia umbellata) is a plant native to India used for the red dye that can be extracted…

"Plant with Flowers and Fruits of Shepherd's-purse" (Capsella bursa-pastoris) "a, flower; b, a pod." -Whitney, 1911

Shepherd's Purse

"Plant with Flowers and Fruits of Shepherd's-purse" (Capsella bursa-pastoris) "a, flower; b, a pod."…

"Flowering Plant of Shortia galacifolia. a, the corolla, laid open." -Whitney, 1911

Oconee Bells

"Flowering Plant of Shortia galacifolia. a, the corolla, laid open." -Whitney, 1911

An illustration of the head of a marigold flower.

Marigold Flower

An illustration of the head of a marigold flower.

An illustration of the head of a marigold flower.

Marigold Flower

An illustration of the head of a marigold flower.

It is an annual plant growing to 40-90 cm tall, with grey-green branched stems. The leaves are lanceolate, 1-4 cm long. The flowers are most commonly an intense blue colour, produced in flowerheads (capitula) 1.5-3 cm diameter, with a ring of a few large, spreading ray florets surrounding a central cluster of disc florets.

Cornflower

It is an annual plant growing to 40-90 cm tall, with grey-green branched stems. The leaves are lanceolate,…

"Branch of Simarouba amara, with female flowers. a, a male flower; b, a female flower." -Whitney, 1911

Simarouba

"Branch of Simarouba amara, with female flowers. a, a male flower; b, a female flower." -Whitney, 1911

Blowout Grass (Redfieldia flexuosa) is a grass found on sand dunes. "a, spikelet; b, flower; c, glumes." -Whitney, 1911

Blowout Grass

Blowout Grass (Redfieldia flexuosa) is a grass found on sand dunes. "a, spikelet; b, flower; c,…

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism &ndash; they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works. The most remarkable Jain shrines are the <em>Chhota Kailash</em> (cave 30), the <em>Indra Sabha</em> (cave 32) and the <em>Jagannath Sabha</em> (cave 33). The <em>Indra Sabha</em> is a two storeyed shrine with a very fine carving of the lotus flower on the ceiling. In another cave, an imposing image of Ambika, the Yakshi (dedicated attendant deity) of Neminatha is found seated on her lion under a mango tree, laden with fruits. All other Jain caves are also characterized by intricate detailing. Many of the structures had rich paintings in the ceilings - fragments of which are still visible.

Indian Pillar from the Rock Temple of Parasona Rama at Ellora

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense…

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism &ndash; they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works. The most remarkable Jain shrines are the <em>Chhota Kailash</em> (cave 30), the <em>Indra Sabha</em> (cave 32) and the <em>Jagannath Sabha</em> (cave 33). The <em>Indra Sabha</em> is a two storeyed shrine with a very fine carving of the lotus flower on the ceiling. In another cave, an imposing image of Ambika, the Yakshi (dedicated attendant deity) of Neminatha is found seated on her lion under a mango tree, laden with fruits. All other Jain caves are also characterized by intricate detailing. Many of the structures had rich paintings in the ceilings - fragments of which are still visible.

Interior of Indra Sabha at Ellora

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense…

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism &ndash; they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works. The most remarkable Jain shrines are the <em>Chhota Kailash</em> (cave 30), the <em>Indra Sabha</em> (cave 32) and the <em>Jagannath Sabha</em> (cave 33). The <em>Indra Sabha</em> is a two storeyed shrine with a very fine carving of the lotus flower on the ceiling. In another cave, an imposing image of Ambika, the Yakshi (dedicated attendant deity) of Neminatha is found seated on her lion under a mango tree, laden with fruits. All other Jain caves are also characterized by intricate detailing. Many of the structures had rich paintings in the ceilings - fragments of which are still visible.

Indian Pillar at Ellora

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense…

A diagram of a prolific rose illustrating: s, Sephals transformed into leaves; p, Petals multiplied at the expense of the stamens which are reduced in number; c, Colored leaves representing abortive carpels; and a, Axis prolonged, bearing an imperfect flower at its apex.

Proliferous Rose

A diagram of a prolific rose illustrating: s, Sephals transformed into leaves; p, Petals multiplied…

Narcissus is the botanic name for a genus of mainly hardy, mostly spring-flowering, bulbs in the Amaryllis family native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia. There are also several Narcissus species that bloom in the autumn. Though Hortus Third cites 26 wild species, Daffodils for North American Gardens cites between 50 and 100 excluding species variants and wild hybrids. Through taxonomic and genetic research, it is speculated that over time this number will likely continue to be refined. Daffodil is a common English name, sometimes used now for all varieties, and is the chief common name of horticultural prevalence used by the American Daffodil Society The range of forms in cultivation has been heavily modified and extended, with new variations available from specialists almost every year.

Narcissus

Narcissus is the botanic name for a genus of mainly hardy, mostly spring-flowering, bulbs in the Amaryllis…

Dill (Anethum graveolens) is a short-lived perennial herb. It is the sole species of the genus Anethum, though classified by some botanists in a related genus as Peucedanum graveolens.

Dill

Dill (Anethum graveolens) is a short-lived perennial herb. It is the sole species of the genus Anethum,…

Lamium album (White Deadnettle) is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native throughout Europe and western Asia, growing in a variety of habitats from open grassland to woodland, generally on moist, fertile soils. It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 50-100 cm tall, with green, four-angled stems. The leaves are 3-8 cm long and 2-5 cm broad, triangular with a rounded base, softly hairy, and with a serrated margin and a petiole up to 5 cm long; they appear superficially similar to those of the Stinging nettle Urtica dioica but do not sting, hence the common name &quot;dead nettle&quot;. The flowers are white, produced in whorls ('verticillasters') on the upper part of the stem, the individual flowers 1.5-2.5 cm long

Lamium Album

Lamium album (White Deadnettle) is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native throughout Europe…