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Reinforced concrete blocks.

Concrete

Reinforced concrete blocks.

This illustration shows a rock made up of all kinds of concretionary objects.

Concretionary Structure

This illustration shows a rock made up of all kinds of concretionary objects.

"A conduit or canal constructed, especially in a town or city, to carry off superfluous, water, soil, and other matters; a public drain. A, B, C, D, E forms used in London, Paris, and other European cities; F, G, H, I, J, K, L, special forms used in New York and other American cities. F shows a method of repairing with tiles at the bottom of an oval sewer. G, tile-bottomed sewer. H, barrel sewer...of wood bound with iron. I, a form used for large sewers. J, section of pipe sewer. K, half section of sewer having section similar to B, but also provided with a spandrel. L, the aqueduct form, used for large sewers only, it rests on a bed of concrete." —Whitney, 1889

Collection of Sewer Cross-Sections

"A conduit or canal constructed, especially in a town or city, to carry off superfluous, water, soil,…

An example of a set of concrete steps.

Concrete Steps

An example of a set of concrete steps.

"Single-course pavement is usually made five inches thick. Proportions for this should be 1:2:3. Concrete for a single course should be mixed to such a consistency that enough mortar will rise to the surface on light tamping to permit of finishing with a wooden float."—The Federal Digest, 1921

One-Course Work

"Single-course pavement is usually made five inches thick. Proportions for this should be 1:2:3. Concrete…

"For two-course floors and pavements, a concrete base of about four inches thick, mixed 1:3:5 (that is, one sack of cement, 3 cubic feet of sand, and 5 cubic feet of gravel), is first placed in the forms."—The Federal Digest, 1921

Two-Course Work

"For two-course floors and pavements, a concrete base of about four inches thick, mixed 1:3:5 (that…