ClipArt ETC
Espalier is the term applied to a mode of training fruit trees in the open ground. For a single tree a row of stakes about five feet high driven into the ground, about nine inches apart is the start. Then a narrow strip of wood is laid on the tops of the stakes and a nail is driven into each to hold it firmly.

Fruit-Tree Trained Upright as an Espalier

Espalier is the term applied to a mode of training fruit trees in the open ground. For a single tree…