"These [upright] systems are sometimes referred to as the "goblet" systems, since when the shoots are…
Illustrated is a blight of grapes due to some constitutional disorder. The leaves die first at the edges.
A diagram of the horizontal arm spur system, depicting the various parts of a vine.
An image depicting a pruned vine that was trained according to the umbrella system. This system is also…
A diagram depicting an unpruned vine trained according to the umbrella system. This image shows stem…
A well-known climbing shrub, which consists of climbing plants with woody stems, simple or compound…
"In Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and elsewhere the manufacture of wine from grapes is an important…
"Copied from the wall of a house in Pompeii, representing the vintagers treading grapes with their feet."…