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An illustration of an Alcoholometer, used to measure the alcohol content in liquids. A, distilling-flask; B, Condenser; C, Receiver.

Alcoholometer

An illustration of an Alcoholometer, used to measure the alcohol content in liquids. A, distilling-flask;…

"The Fahrenheit hydrometer of constant volume is made of glass, the bulb at the bottom being loaded with mercury or shot." — Avery, 1895

Hydrometer

"The Fahrenheit hydrometer of constant volume is made of glass, the bulb at the bottom being loaded…

"It is composed of a hollow ball of glass, or metal, with a graduated scale rising from its upper part, which serves to balance it in the fluid." -Comstock 1850

Hydrometer

"It is composed of a hollow ball of glass, or metal, with a graduated scale rising from its upper part,…

"Determines the specific gravity of any given liquid. A hollow ball, C, rises to a graduated scale while the solid ball, B, keeps C vertically positioned." —Quackenbos 1859

Hydrometer

"Determines the specific gravity of any given liquid. A hollow ball, C, rises to a graduated scale while…

A hydrometer of constant weight. This device measures the specific gravity of liquids. The specific gravity is the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of the water

Hydrometer

A hydrometer of constant weight. This device measures the specific gravity of liquids. The specific…

"As generally made, a hydrometer of constant weight consists of a glass tube near the bottom of which are two bulbs. The lower and smaller bulb is loaded with mercury or shot. The tube and upper bulb contain air. The point to which it sinks when placed in water is marked zero. The tube is graduated, the scale being arbitrary, and varying with the purpose for which the instrument is intended." — Avery, 1895

Hydrometer of constant weight

"As generally made, a hydrometer of constant weight consists of a glass tube near the bottom of which…

A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids; that is, the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water. A hydrometer is usually made of glass and consists of a cylindrical stem and a bulb weighted with mercury or lead shot to make it float upright. The liquid to be tested is poured into a tall jar, and the hydrometer is gently lowered into the liquid until it floats freely. The point at which the surface of the liquid touches the stem of the hydrometer is noted. Hydrometers usually contain a paper scale inside the stem, so that the specific gravity can be read directly.

Common Hydrometer

A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids;…

"The Nicholson hydrometer of constant volume is a hollow cylinder carrying at its lower end a basket, d, heavy enough to keep the apparatus upright in water. At the top of the cylinder is a vertical rod carrying a pan, a, for holding weights, etc. The whole apparatus must be lighter than water, so that a certain weight (W) must be put into the pan to sink the apparatus to a fixed point marked on the rod (as c). The given body, which must weigh less than W, is placed in the pan, and enought weights (w) added to sink the point c, to the water line It is evident that the weight of the given body is W-w." -Avery 1895

Nicholson Hydrometer

"The Nicholson hydrometer of constant volume is a hollow cylinder carrying at its lower end a basket,…

"Hydrometers of variable immersion are usually light hollow glass spindles weighted by shot or mercury."—Finley, 1917

Standard hydrometer

"Hydrometers of variable immersion are usually light hollow glass spindles weighted by shot or mercury."—Finley,…

"The US Treasury Dept. and its internal revenue servie uses a series of carefully adjusted hydrometers for determing the amount of alcohol in various distilled liquors."—Finley, 1917

US Internal Revenue hydrometer

"The US Treasury Dept. and its internal revenue servie uses a series of carefully adjusted hydrometers…

"Galactometer. A species of hydrometer for determining the richness of milk by its specific gravity." -Whitney, 1911

Lactometer

"Galactometer. A species of hydrometer for determining the richness of milk by its specific gravity."…