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Muscles of the back. 1, trapezius; 2, its origin; 3, spine of scapula; 4, latissimus dorsi; 5, delltoid; 6, infra-spinatus; 7, external oblique; 8, gluteus medius; 9, gluteus maximus; 10, levator scapulae; 11, rhomboideus minor; 12, rhomboideus major; 13, splenius capitus; 14, splenius colli; 15, origin latissimus dorsi; 16, serratus inferior posticus; 17, supra-rpinatus; 18, infra-pinatus; 19, teres minor; 20, teres major; 21, long head triceps; 22, serratus major anticus; 23, internal oblique.

Back Muscles

Muscles of the back. 1, trapezius; 2, its origin; 3, spine of scapula; 4, latissimus dorsi; 5, delltoid;…

"A, acromion; C, coracoid; CA, carpus; CL, clavicle; H, humerus; M, metacarpals; O, ventral surface of the scapula; P, phalanges, proximal row; R, radius; T, head of humerus; U, ulna." —Whitney, 1889

Bones of the Shoulder and Upper Extremity - Front View

"A, acromion; C, coracoid; CA, carpus; CL, clavicle; H, humerus; M, metacarpals; O, ventral surface…

Right clavicle and scapula with ligament, from without and somewhat in front.

Clavicle and Scapula with Ligament

Right clavicle and scapula with ligament, from without and somewhat in front.

"The humerus, which moves freely by a globular head upon the scapula, forming the shoulder-joint." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Humerus

"The humerus, which moves freely by a globular head upon the scapula, forming the shoulder-joint." —…

Anterior view of humerus (bone of the leg) of the right side. Labels: 1, shaft or diaphysis; 2, the head; 3, anatomical neck; 4, greater tuberosity; 5, lesser tuberosity; 6, the bicipital head; 3, anatomical neck; 4, greater tuberosity; 5, lesser tuberosity; 6, the bicipital groove; 7, external bicipital ridge for pectoralis major; 8, internal bicipital ridge; 9, point of insertion of deltoid muscle: 10, nutritious foramen; 11, face for head of the radius; 12, face for the ulna.

Humerus

Anterior view of humerus (bone of the leg) of the right side. Labels: 1, shaft or diaphysis; 2, the…

The anterior surface of the left scapula.

Left Scapula

The anterior surface of the left scapula.

The posterior surface or the left scapula.

Left Scapula

The posterior surface or the left scapula.

"Right pectoral arch of a bird. s, scapula; c, coracoid; gl, glenoid, the cavity for head of humerus; cl, clavicle; hc, hypecleidium. In situ, the right end of the figure should tilt up a little. The pectoral arch is that bony structure by which the wings are borne upon the axial skeleton. It is to the fore limb what the pelvic arch is to the hind limb; but is disconnected from the back-bone and united with the breastbone, whereas the reverse arrangement obtains in the pelvic, which is fused with the sacral region of the spine. Each pectoral arch of birds consists (chiefly) of three bones: the scapula and coracoid, forming the shoulder-girdle proper, or scapular arch; and the accessory clavicles, or right and left half of the clavicular arch." Elliot Coues, 1884

The Right Pectoral Arch of a Bird

"Right pectoral arch of a bird. s, scapula; c, coracoid; gl, glenoid, the cavity for head of humerus;…

The trunk showing ribs.

Ribs

The trunk showing ribs.

"The <em>shoulder-blade</em> is a large, flat, three-sided bone, which is placed on the upper and back part of the chest. On the outer side it has a saucerlike cavity on which the rounded head of the arm bone rests." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Scapula

"The shoulder-blade is a large, flat, three-sided bone, which is placed on the upper and back…

Venter of scapula. Labels: 1, 1, 1, oblique ridges; 2, 2, fossa for subscapularis muscle; 3, superior border; 4, superior angle; 5, suprascapular notch; 6, coracoid process; 7, acromion process; 8, spine of scapula; 9, articular surface; 10, glenoid cavity; 11, head of scapula; 12, neck; 13, interior border; 14, inferior angle; 15, posterior border; 16, origin of spine.

Scapula

Venter of scapula. Labels: 1, 1, 1, oblique ridges; 2, 2, fossa for subscapularis muscle; 3, superior…

Scapula. Labels: a, superior angle; d, the glenoid cavity, or socket for the round head of the arm bone; m, the aeromion process; n, the caracoid process, which serve to protect the joint; f, the base; g, the costa, or inferior border, and h, the superior border of the triangle; l, the spine; o, the semilunar notch, for the passage of an artery, vein, and nerve.

Scapula

Scapula. Labels: a, superior angle; d, the glenoid cavity, or socket for the round head of the arm bone;…

The scapula bone.

The Scapula

The scapula bone.

The right scapula, ventral view.

Scapula

The right scapula, ventral view.

Muscles on the dorsum of the scapula and triceps.

Muscles of the Scapula and Triceps

Muscles on the dorsum of the scapula and triceps.

An illustration of the dorsal view of the scapula of a rabbit. "A, acromion; m, metacromion; g, glenoid fossa; c, coracoid process; v, vertebral border; s, spine." -Century, 1889

Dorsal View of the Scapula of a Rabbit

An illustration of the dorsal view of the scapula of a rabbit. "A, acromion; m, metacromion; g, glenoid…

Back view of scapula.

Back View of Scapula

Back view of scapula.

The human scapula bone (shoulder blade). Labels: 1, glenoid cavity; 2, end of the spine of scapula.

The Human Scapula

The human scapula bone (shoulder blade). Labels: 1, glenoid cavity; 2, end of the spine of scapula.

The left shoulder-joint, scapuloclavicular articulations, and proper ligaments of the scapula.

Shoulder

The left shoulder-joint, scapuloclavicular articulations, and proper ligaments of the scapula.

Ligaments of the acromio-clavicular and scapulo-humeral articulations (joints of the shoulder). Labels: 1, superior acromio-clavicular ligament; 2, caraco-clavicular ligament; 3, coraco-acromial ligament; 4, caracoid ligament; 5, capsular ligament of the shoulder joint; 6, ligamentum adscititium, or coraco-humeral ligament; 7, tendon of long head of the biceps muscle.

Bones and Ligaments of the Shoulder Articulation

Ligaments of the acromio-clavicular and scapulo-humeral articulations (joints of the shoulder). Labels:…

"The Scapula, or shoulder blade, is one of the two bones, the other being the clavicle, which form the pectoral arch or shoulder girdle." &mdash;Finley, 1917

Shoulder blade

"The Scapula, or shoulder blade, is one of the two bones, the other being the clavicle, which form the…

"Shoulder bones and ligaments. 1. Humerus, 3. Scapula, 4. Tendon of biceps 5. Capsular ligament 6. Acromion 7. Coracoid process 8. Clavicle"&mdash;Finley, 1917

Shoulder bones and ligaments

"Shoulder bones and ligaments. 1. Humerus, 3. Scapula, 4. Tendon of biceps 5. Capsular ligament 6. Acromion…

The shoulder joint. Labels: a, the clavicle; b, the scapula.

The Shoulder Joint

The shoulder joint. Labels: a, the clavicle; b, the scapula.

The left shoulder joint and proper ligaments of the scapula.

Shoulder Joint

The left shoulder joint and proper ligaments of the scapula.

A horizontal section through the left shoulder joint of a boy. Arm abducted to a right angle.

Horizontal Section Through Shoulder Joint

A horizontal section through the left shoulder joint of a boy. Arm abducted to a right angle.

"The skeleton of the trunk and the limb arches seen from the front. C, clavicle; S, scapula; Oc, innominate bone attached to the side of the sacrum dorsally and meeting its fellow at the pubic symphysis in the ventral median line." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Skeletal Trunk

"The skeleton of the trunk and the limb arches seen from the front. C, clavicle; S, scapula; Oc, innominate…

"Fig 56 - Axial skeleton, minus the skull, of an owl, Asio wilsonianus, life size; from nature by Dr. R.W. Shufeldt, USA. at, atlas; ax,axis; cv, cervical vertebrae; c, c', cervical ribs, or free pleurapophyses; dv, dorsal vertebrae, excepting the last one, which joins the sacrum; R, two of the six true ribs (pleurapophyses), whereof sr is sacral; u, one of the five uncinate processes or epipleura; cr, two of the six sternal ribs(haemapophyses), whereof the sixth floats; p, pelvic or sacral region of the spine, comprehending one dorsal, and several lumbar, sacral proper, and urosacral vertebrae; I ilium; Is, ischium; P pubis; a, acetabulum; in, ischio-iliac foremen; o, obturator foramen; clv, caudal or coccygeal vertebrae, whereof py is the pygostyle; s, scapula; ohs, os humero-scapulare; cl, clavicle; C, coracoid; S, sternum." Elliot Coues, 1884

Axial Skeleton

"Fig 56 - Axial skeleton, minus the skull, of an owl, Asio wilsonianus, life size; from nature by Dr.…

"Pectoral girdle and fin of a Teleost. br.o., branchial ossicles; c, coracoid; cl., clavicle; f.r., fin rays; p.cl., post clavicle; p.t., post temporal which unites with skull; sc., scapula; s.cl., supra-clavicle." &mdash; Galloway

Teleost

"Pectoral girdle and fin of a Teleost. br.o., branchial ossicles; c, coracoid; cl., clavicle; f.r.,…

Back view of the trunk.

Back View of the Bones of the Trunk

Back view of the trunk.

The skeleton of the trunk and the limb arches seen from the front. Labels: c, clavicle; S, scapula; Oc, innominate bone attached to the side of the sacrum dorsally and meeting its fellow at the pubic symphysis in the ventral median line.

Skeleton of Trunk

The skeleton of the trunk and the limb arches seen from the front. Labels: c, clavicle; S, scapula;…