"A, side view of American club-skate; B, bottom of the skate with the runner removed. a, runner; b, heel-plate; c, sole-plate; d, riveting by which the runner is attached to the heel- and sole-plates; e, e, clamps which grasp the sole when they are drawn rearward by the action of the curved slots f upon pins fixed firmly in the sole plate. Both these clamps are pivoted at their rear extremities to a bar g, connected by a winged adjusting screw h, to a collar i, which is pivoted to the heel-clamp j; k, spur which engages the front part of the heel when the heel-clamp is drawn foward; l, toggle-lever, by which the sole-clamps are drawn rear-ward and the heel-clamp forward simultaneously. In B this lever is shown turned out; to clamp the skate to the shoe, it is pressed inward under the sole out of sight." —Whitney, 1889

American Club Ice Skate - View from Side and Bottom

"A, side view of American club-skate; B, bottom of the skate with the runner removed. a, runner; b,…

Couple ice skating.

Ice skating

Couple ice skating.

This singularly formed fish, the torpedo, has two electrical batteries-that is, machines for making electricity or lighting, (Hooker, 1886).

Ray

This singularly formed fish, the torpedo, has two electrical batteries-that is, machines for making…

The Starry Ray is so called for having a number of spines on its upper surface rising from rayed or star like bases; it reaches a length of 30 inches.

Starry Ray

The Starry Ray is so called for having a number of spines on its upper surface rising from rayed or…

"A contrivance for enabling a person to glide  swiftly on ice, consisting of a steel runner fixed either to a wooden sole provided with straps and buckles, or to a light iron or steel framework having adjustable clamps or other means of attachment to a shoe or boot. C is a roller skate in which a plate with rollers replaces the runner." —
Whitney, 1889

Roller Skate - Side View

"A contrivance for enabling a person to glide swiftly on ice, consisting of a steel runner fixed either…

A frame for the foot like the sole of a shoe, furnished with a metallic runner or sometimes with small wheels, for moving rapidly on ice, or other smooth surface.

Skate

A frame for the foot like the sole of a shoe, furnished with a metallic runner or sometimes with small…