ClipArt ETC
Two young men prepare the field using a simple harrow pulled by a horse. One man follows behind the harrow. He is wearing a short tunic and his hood is pushed back. The other man goes in front of the horse, guiding it, and using a whip to drive it forward. Two birds fly overhead.

Harrowing a Field for Farming in the Middle Ages

Two young men prepare the field using a simple harrow pulled by a horse. One man follows behind the…

Two medieval peasants, a man and woman, break clods of earth apart with mallets. The man is swinging his mallet, while the woman appears to be resting on hers. The man is wearing a short tunic and a hood. The woman wears a long dress and a head-covering.

Peasants Using Mallets to Break Clods of Earth Before Farming the Land

Two medieval peasants, a man and woman, break clods of earth apart with mallets. The man is swinging…

the Sod Cutter is also known as the shave off technique, shovels, hoes, or similar machinery are used to shave off the surface of the existing lawn, which is then carted away. Once the grass has been removed, the surface is usually rotovated so as to loosen the ground somewhat. If the exposed soil is not of high quality, a layer or two of topsoil may be applied prior to the installation of the sod. The soil is then nicely graded and the sod is installed on top of it.

Combined Disk Harrow, Sod Cutter, and Roller

the Sod Cutter is also known as the shave off technique, shovels, hoes, or similar machinery are used…

The frame of wood by which two oxen are fastened together for drawing.

Yoke

The frame of wood by which two oxen are fastened together for drawing.