A conventional cross hatching symbol for Babbitt, metal composed of tin and copper.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Babbitt

A conventional cross hatching symbol for Babbitt, metal composed of tin and copper.

An illustration of the hexagonal bolt head showing measurements. The measurement of diameter, D, is used to calculate the dimensions. The diameter of the head and the nut, H, is 1 ½D ₌ ⅛, and the distance of T is half the diameter.

U.S. Standard Hexagonal Bolt Head

An illustration of the hexagonal bolt head showing measurements. The measurement of diameter, D, is…

The conventional material symbol using cross hatching technique for brass.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Brass

The conventional material symbol using cross hatching technique for brass.

Series of conventional symbols for building materials in architecture.

Symbols of Building Materials

Series of conventional symbols for building materials in architecture.

A conventional cross hatching material symbol for cast iron.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Cast Iron

A conventional cross hatching material symbol for cast iron.

A mechanical drawing cross hatching symbol for cast steel.

Mechanical Drawing of Cross Hatching Cast Steel

A mechanical drawing cross hatching symbol for cast steel.

This coal sifter was used to sort coal into various sizes.

Sifter, Coal

This coal sifter was used to sort coal into various sizes.

A compass used to draw precise circles and arcs in mechanical drawing.

Drafting Compass

A compass used to draw precise circles and arcs in mechanical drawing.

Development and top completion exercise problem of the cone by dividing the base into equal parts and creating an arc to revolve the sides of the plane.

Development Exercise of Cone

Development and top completion exercise problem of the cone by dividing the base into equal parts and…

An exercise problem to complete the top and develop, stretched out, image of the flange and hood cones by using series of cone development.

Development Exercise of Flange and Hood Cones

An exercise problem to complete the top and develop, stretched out, image of the flange and hood cones…

Conventional cross hatching mechanical drawing of copper.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Copper

Conventional cross hatching mechanical drawing of copper.

This mechanical drawing of a cotton gin depicts internal moving parts, where the machine was intended to separate cotton fibers from seeds.

Cotton Gin Machine

This mechanical drawing of a cotton gin depicts internal moving parts, where the machine was intended…

This mechanical drawing depicts a cotton press; used to compress cotton.

Press, Cotton

This mechanical drawing depicts a cotton press; used to compress cotton.

An application of line shading for curved surfaces used in mechanical drawing. The surfaces are shaded by using the cone shading technique.

Shaded Single Curved Surfaces

An application of line shading for curved surfaces used in mechanical drawing. The surfaces are shaded…

An exercise problem in creating a development or rolled out surface of a cylinder in a 4" by 5" drawing area.

Development Exercise of Cylinder

An exercise problem in creating a development or rolled out surface of a cylinder in a 4" by 5" drawing…

Auxiliary planes of two intersecting cylinder is drawn by drawing the first cylinder. Revolve the first cylinder onto itself to create two intersections.

Drawing Auxiliary Planes of Two Intersecting Cylinder

Auxiliary planes of two intersecting cylinder is drawn by drawing the first cylinder. Revolve the first…

An outside view of two cylinders intersecting in an auxiliary plane. The dotted lines is the center of each cylinders.

Outside View of Auxiliary Planes of Two Intersecting Cylinder

An outside view of two cylinders intersecting in an auxiliary plane. The dotted lines is the center…

A sliced view at point VW, shown in the top figure. The inside view of the cylinders shows the points where the cylinders are connected.

Sliced View of Auxiliary Planes of Two Intersecting Cylinder

A sliced view at point VW, shown in the top figure. The inside view of the cylinders shows the points…

An illustration of two intersecting cylinders viewed from the side, top, and side of the intersecting cylinder. The intersecting cylinder drawing in mechanical and engineering drawings to show either a tank or pipes.

Three Views of Two Intersecting Cylinder

An illustration of two intersecting cylinders viewed from the side, top, and side of the intersecting…

A representation of the square threaded nut and screw. The left image shows the threaded screw with a continuous helix drawn. The nut is cut in half to show how the threads are drawn with respect to the screw.

Diagram of Square Thread Nut and Screw

A representation of the square threaded nut and screw. The left image shows the threaded screw with…

A representation of the square threaded nut and screw. The left image shows the threaded screw with a continuous helix drawn. The nut is cut in half to show how the threads are drawn with respect to the screw.

Diagram of Square Thread Nut and Screw

A representation of the square threaded nut and screw. The left image shows the threaded screw with…

A development or rolled out image exercise problem of the dome and finding the true shape of the hip, or edge, of the dome by using projections or with dividers.

Development Exercise of Dome and True Shape of Hip

A development or rolled out image exercise problem of the dome and finding the true shape of the hip,…

A hand holds and employs a drafting compass, a device used to create precise arcs and circles in mechanical drawing.

Hand Holding a Drafting Compass

A hand holds and employs a drafting compass, a device used to create precise arcs and circles in mechanical…

To fasten the paper, lay a sheet on the board with the left edge an inch or so from the ending, place a T-square in position and "true up" the paper with the T-square.

Adjusting the Paper

To fasten the paper, lay a sheet on the board with the left edge an inch or so from the ending, place…

Parallel lines are drawn by using a triangle in combination with a T-square. To draw a line parallel to the one given, place a triangle against the T-square and move them together until the hypotenuse of the triangle matches the line. Hold the T-square firmly and slide the triangle in the direction of the arrow until the desired position of the parallel line is reached.

Drawing Parallel Lines Exercise

Parallel lines are drawn by using a triangle in combination with a T-square. To draw a line parallel…

Side view of a hand drawing on a mechanical drawing board.

Hand Drawing

Side view of a hand drawing on a mechanical drawing board.

A practice exercise for mechanical drawing to line shade the plate with elliptic holes. The plate is drawn by creating the ellipsoid shapes. Then carefully draw diagonal lines onto the background of the ellipses with pen.

Mechanical Drawing Exercise Line Shading Plates with Holes in Ink

A practice exercise for mechanical drawing to line shade the plate with elliptic holes. The plate is…

"This is a practice in the joining of shaded arcs, the smaller of which should be drawn with the bow—Pen, and the larger with the compasses. The section lining must be done only in ink." —Anthony, 1904

Mechanical Drawing Exercise Line Shading Plates with Joining Arcs in Ink

"This is a practice in the joining of shaded arcs, the smaller of which should be drawn with the bow—Pen,…

A mechanical drawing practice problem of shading the sides of the inscribed circles. The darker area shows where the light is not hitting the image making the 2D image look 3D. These shadings are done in pen.

Mechanical Drawing Exercise Shading Sides of Inscribed Circle with Ink

A mechanical drawing practice problem of shading the sides of the inscribed circles. The darker area…

Mechanical drawing exercise of shading squares and circle in ink. The squares are first drawn with the right angles, then rounded off with a compass. Using a pen, the sides of the shapes are darkened to show points where no light is hitting the image.

Mechanical Drawing Exercise Shading Sides of Inscribed Squares and Circle with Ink

Mechanical drawing exercise of shading squares and circle in ink. The squares are first drawn with the…

An exercise to shade small circles with bow pen for mechanical drawing. The paper is first divided into 4" square. At each corners, draw a 3&fras;8" diameter. The shading is done by reducing and increasing the pressure of the bow while drawing the circle.

Mechanical Drawing Exercise Shading Sides of Small Circles with Bow Pen

An exercise to shade small circles with bow pen for mechanical drawing. The paper is first divided into…

A conventional face hardened steel, commonly used in military armory, cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Face Hardened Steel

A conventional face hardened steel, commonly used in military armory, cross hatching mechanical drawing…

An illustration showing framing basement window with dimensions.

Basement Windows Framing

An illustration showing framing basement window with dimensions.

Conventional cross hatching for glass for mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Glass

Conventional cross hatching for glass for mechanical drawing.

The conventional break symbol for drawing a pipe or tubing by cutting the diameter in half.

Conventional Breaks Symbols of Pipe or Tubing by Cutting Diameter

The conventional break symbol for drawing a pipe or tubing by cutting the diameter in half.

A screw head with detailed measurements for accurate drawing. These measurements are based off the diameter of the overall screw and the head.

Diagram of Screw Head

A screw head with detailed measurements for accurate drawing. These measurements are based off the diameter…

All lines in a mechanical drawing are made with the aid of an instrument. Horizontal lines are drawn with the upper edge of the T-square blade as a guide.

Drawing a Horizontal Line

All lines in a mechanical drawing are made with the aid of an instrument. Horizontal lines are drawn…

Horizontal line can be drawn left to right by holding the pencil away from the point.

Sketching Horizontal Line

Horizontal line can be drawn left to right by holding the pencil away from the point.

A display drawing showing a ruled outline of a house on tracing paper.

Ruled Outline of House

A display drawing showing a ruled outline of a house on tracing paper.

Cross hatching conventional symbol for insulating material used in mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Insulating Material

Cross hatching conventional symbol for insulating material used in mechanical drawing.

A conventional leather cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Leather

A conventional leather cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol.

"Illustrating the rule that an inclined illuminated surface is lightest nearest the eye and an inclined surface in shade is darkest nearest the eye." —French, 1911

Line Shading Application

"Illustrating the rule that an inclined illuminated surface is lightest nearest the eye and an inclined…

An example of the cylinder shaded by lines. The area without lines are where the light hit the cylinder. The line become darker when it is away from the light source.

Cylinder Line Shading

An example of the cylinder shaded by lines. The area without lines are where the light hit the cylinder.…

"A row of cylinders of different sizes. The effect of polish is given by leaving several brilliant lines, as might occur if light came in through several windows." —French, 1911

Series of Cylinder Line Shading

"A row of cylinders of different sizes. The effect of polish is given by leaving several brilliant lines,…

A conventional liquid symbol in cross hatching used in mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Liquid

A conventional liquid symbol in cross hatching used in mechanical drawing.

Conventional material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing for Brick in Elevation Large Scale.

Brick in Elevation Large Scale Material Symbol

Conventional material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing for Brick in Elevation Large…

Architectural and mechanical conventional building material symbol for Brick in Elevation Small Scale.

Conventional Symbol of Brick in Elevation Small Scale

Architectural and mechanical conventional building material symbol for Brick in Elevation Small Scale.

Brick in Section conventional material symbol is commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Brick in Section Material Symbol

Brick in Section conventional material symbol is commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Building material conventional symbol for Cement and Plaster in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Cement and Plaster in Section Material Symbol

Building material conventional symbol for Cement and Plaster in Section commonly used in architectural…

Concrete in Section conventional building material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Concrete in Section Material Symbol

Concrete in Section conventional building material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

A widely accepted building material symbol for CVT Stone in Elevation used in architectural and mechanical drawing

CVT Stone in Elevation Material Symbol

A widely accepted building material symbol for CVT Stone in Elevation used in architectural and mechanical…

Common material symbol for CVT Stone in Section for architectural and mechanical drawing.

CVT Stone in Section Material Symbol

Common material symbol for CVT Stone in Section for architectural and mechanical drawing.

Mechanical and architectural drawing building material symbol for Earth in Section.

Earth in Section Material Symbol

Mechanical and architectural drawing building material symbol for Earth in Section.

Conventional building symbol for Finished Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Finished Lumber in Section Material Symbol

Conventional building symbol for Finished Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical…

Building material symbol for Rough Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Rough Lumber in Section Material Symbol

Building material symbol for Rough Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

A commonly used symbol for Rubble Stone in Section used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Rubble Stone in Section Material Symbol

A commonly used symbol for Rubble Stone in Section used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Architectural and mechanical drawing material symbol for Stages in Making Concrete Symbol.

Stages in Making Concrete Material Symbol

Architectural and mechanical drawing material symbol for Stages in Making Concrete Symbol.

A commonly used material symbol in mechanical and architectural drawing for Terra Cotta Wall in Section.

Terra Cotta Wall in Section Material Symbol

A commonly used material symbol in mechanical and architectural drawing for Terra Cotta Wall in Section.

A building material symbol used in architectural or mechanical drawing for Wood in Elevation.

Wood in Elevation Material Symbol

A building material symbol used in architectural or mechanical drawing for Wood in Elevation.

"The illustration gives conventions for a number of different materials. Those in the first line are accepted by practically all who use conventional cross—hatching... Those given are part of the codes of government standards of the Bureau of Steam Engineering and the Bureau of Construction U.S.N." —French, 1911

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Material Symbols

"The illustration gives conventions for a number of different materials. Those in the first line are…