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(1837-1898) German author who studied Early Egyptian life and wrote many books such as <I>Egypt and the Books of Moses, An Egyptian Princess</I> and <I>Uarda</I>

George M. Ebers

(1837-1898) German author who studied Early Egyptian life and wrote many books such as Egypt and the…

Egyptian lyre

Egyptian lyre

Egyptian lyre

Egyptian, nineteenth century female

Nineteenth Century Egyptian Female

Egyptian, nineteenth century female

Nineteenth century Egyptian female spinning

Nineteenth century Egyptian female

Nineteenth century Egyptian female spinning

Nineteenth century Egyptian female veil

Nineteenth Century Egyptian Female Veil

Nineteenth century Egyptian female veil

Nineteenth century Egyptian female dancer

Nineteenth Century Egyptian Female Dancer

Nineteenth century Egyptian female dancer

Egyptian princess from the palace at Karnac

Egyptian Princess

Egyptian princess from the palace at Karnac

Egyptian priestess playing a sistrum.

Egyptian Priestess

Egyptian priestess playing a sistrum.

When irritated, the neck of a cobra swells at the same time it raises the front part of its body vertically, holding it straight and rigid.

Cobra

When irritated, the neck of a cobra swells at the same time it raises the front part of its body vertically,…

Alexandria, Pharos Island Lighthouse

Pharos Island Lighthouse

Alexandria, Pharos Island Lighthouse

Egyptian style doodad

Egyptian style

Egyptian style doodad

Sculpture on pedestal

Sculpture

Sculpture on pedestal

Ancient Egyptian building

Building

Ancient Egyptian building

Sculpture on pedestal

Sculpture

Sculpture on pedestal

Pyramids and sphinx

Pyramids and sphinx

Pyramids and sphinx

Pyramids and palms

Pyramids

Pyramids and palms

Columns

Columns

Columns

Obelisk and sphinx with palm tree

Obelisk and Sphinx

Obelisk and sphinx with palm tree

Egyptian scene with building and palm trees

Egyptian scene

Egyptian scene with building and palm trees

Egyptian god Thoth

Thoth

Egyptian god Thoth

Dress of the Egyptian king

Egyptian King

Dress of the Egyptian king

Egyptian harps.

Harp, Egyptian

Egyptian harps.

Types of Egyptian Columns.

Egypt, Types of Columns of

Types of Egyptian Columns.

Egyptian War-chariot

Egyptian War-chariot

Egyptian War-chariot

Egyptian vases.

Egyptian Vases

Egyptian vases.

Anointing a guest with oil.

Anointing a Guest

Anointing a guest with oil.

Egyptian archer with arrow-heads and stone-tipped reed arrow.

Egyptian Archer

Egyptian archer with arrow-heads and stone-tipped reed arrow.

A machine used for lifting water, thought to have been invented by Archimedes in egypt for draining and irrigating land.

Archimedes' Screw

A machine used for lifting water, thought to have been invented by Archimedes in egypt for draining…

Ancient Egyptian statue.

Egyptian Ancient Statue

Ancient Egyptian statue.

A harp is a stringed instrument of triangular form. The sculptures and ruins of the Egyptians and Syrians give evidence that it was a favorite instrument among them.

Ancient Egyptian Harps

A harp is a stringed instrument of triangular form. The sculptures and ruins of the Egyptians and Syrians…

An English officer, commanding an Egyptian expedition against the Madhi in the Soudan, who perished along with his entire army at the battle of Kashgate on November 4th, 1883.

William Hicks Pasha

An English officer, commanding an Egyptian expedition against the Madhi in the Soudan, who perished…

The papyprus is a frequent form in Egyptian ornament. Its straight, stiff triangular stem with four root-leaves wrapping its slightly swelling base, is imitated in the clustered shafts of many columnrs, and painted as a decoration on walls and on bell-capitals, often alternating with conventional lotuses. The stem bears a bunch of tiny flowers, forming with their stems a group of green filiments witht reddish tops, growing out of a calyz of four leaves or bracts. These supply the suggestion for many bell-shaped forms in Egyptian ornament, including the great campaniform capitals of the huge columns of the Karnak hypostyle hall.

Papyrus

The papyprus is a frequent form in Egyptian ornament. Its straight, stiff triangular stem with four…

Lotus-palmette with tabs consists of a group of diverging leaves or petals springing from between two spirals. It is predominately used as an isolated or terminal motive in Egyptian art.

Lotus-Palmette with Tabs

Lotus-palmette with tabs consists of a group of diverging leaves or petals springing from between two…

Egyptian columns had shafts of three types: a) circular or cylindrical, b) clustered, c) polygonal or proto-doric. The first two tapered upward and sometimes had a slight swelling at the base (d).

Column Types

Egyptian columns had shafts of three types: a) circular or cylindrical, b) clustered, c) polygonal or…

In several Egyptian temples there are square or rectangular piers fronted with colossal sculptured figures of Osirid holding a scourge and a "Nile key" or "key of life."

Osirid Pier

In several Egyptian temples there are square or rectangular piers fronted with colossal sculptured figures…

Painted lotus band from Egyptian tomb.

Lotus Band

Painted lotus band from Egyptian tomb.

Painted lotus band from Egyptian tomb.

Lotus Band

Painted lotus band from Egyptian tomb.

Painted lotus band from Egyptian tomb.

Lotus Band

Painted lotus band from Egyptian tomb.

Painted lotus band from Egyptian tomb.

Lotus Band

Painted lotus band from Egyptian tomb.

Painted lotus band from Egyptian tomb.

Lotus Band

Painted lotus band from Egyptian tomb.

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Tomb Ceiling

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Tomb Ceiling

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Tomb Ceiling

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Tomb Ceiling

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Tomb Ceiling

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Tomb Ceiling

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Tomb Ceiling

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Tomb Ceiling

Painted all-over design from an Egyptian tomb ceiling.

Campaniform column.

Egyptian Column

Campaniform column.

Lotus-bundle column from the Temple of Thomthmes III, Karnak.

Egyptian Column

Lotus-bundle column from the Temple of Thomthmes III, Karnak.

Crouching Egyptian sphinx sculpture in the Louvre.

Crouching Sphinx

Crouching Egyptian sphinx sculpture in the Louvre.

Crouching Egyptian sphinx sculpture with ram's head in the Louvre.

Crouching Sphinx

Crouching Egyptian sphinx sculpture with ram's head in the Louvre.

Nycteris Thebaica. "In this genus both the tail and the interfemoral membrane are greatly developed, the ears are large but seperate, and the nasal appendages are concealed. These bats have the skin of the body very loose, forming a sac, which communicates with the mouth by a small opening with the mouth by a small opening in the cheek." &mdash;Goodrich, 1885

Egyptian Slit-Faced Bat

Nycteris Thebaica. "In this genus both the tail and the interfemoral membrane are greatly developed,…

<em>N. percnopterus</em>, common to Africa, sometimes found in Southern Europe and in Asia. Males and females tend to live in pairs.

Egyptian Vulture

N. percnopterus, common to Africa, sometimes found in Southern Europe and in Asia. Males and…

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this stone the same inscription was given in three different sets of characters, -the hieroglyphics, the demotic text (a briefer and more running form of hieroglyphics, commonly used in the papyri or manuscripts), and the Greek. By comparing the letters in certain Greek proper names with the letters of the same words in the Egyptian texts, the sounds for which the Egyptian characters stood were discovered. The Greek text, when translated, showed that the inscription was an ordinance of the priests decreeing certain honors to Ptolemy Epiphanes on the occasion of his coronation, 196 B.C. (Ptolemy Epiphanes was one of a line of Greek sovereigns who ruled over Egypt from the time of its conquest by Alexander in the fourth century, to the first century B.C.) It contains a command that the decree should be inscribed in the sacred letters (hieroglyphics), the letters of the country (demotic), and Greek letters, -and this for the convenience of the mixed population of Egypt under its Greek rulers. It was natural to conclude that the three texts were the same in substance, and accordingly earnest efforts were made to decipher the hieroglyphics by aid of the Greek. The first clew was obtained by noticing that certain groups of the hieroglyphic characters were inclosed in oval rings, and that these groups corresponded in relative position with certain proper names, such as Ptolemy, etc., in the Greek text. The following line presents a few of the characters with a group in the oval ring. (Each word is read from right to left)." —Colby, 1899

Excerpt from the Rosetta Stone

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this…

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this stone the same inscription was given in three different sets of characters, -the hieroglyphics, the demotic text (a briefer and more running form of hieroglyphics, commonly used in the papyri or manuscripts), and the Greek. By comparing the letters in certain Greek proper names with the letters of the same words in the Egyptian texts, the sounds for which the Egyptian characters stood were discovered. This image represents Ptolemy or Ptolemaios." —Colby, 1899

Rosetta Stone Sample

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this…

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this stone the same inscription was given in three different sets of characters, -the hieroglyphics, the demotic text (a briefer and more running form of hieroglyphics, commonly used in the papyri or manuscripts), and the Greek. By comparing the letters in certain Greek proper names with the letters of the same words in the Egyptian texts, the sounds for which the Egyptian characters stood were discovered. This image represents Cleopatra, or Kleopatra." &mdash;Colby, 1899

Rosetta Stone

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this…

Soldiers of the body guard of Ramses II.

Ramses Soldiers

Soldiers of the body guard of Ramses II.

Anubis, the Guide of the Dead.

Anubis

Anubis, the Guide of the Dead.

"Mummy. Another striking religious custom was the embalming of the dead. It was thought that the soul would reanimate the body at the resurrection, and for this reason great care was taken to preserve the body from decay and provide it with a suitable resting place. Embalming was so skillfully and effectively done that decay was often prevented for thousands of years. The interior of the sepulcher was often decorated, and food and drink were placed beside the body. These houses of the dead were among the finest and the most enduring of Egyptian buildings."&mdash;Colby, 1899

mummy

"Mummy. Another striking religious custom was the embalming of the dead. It was thought that the soul…