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"A valve for opening and closing the induction and eduction passages of a steam-engine cylinder: so called from its plan resembling the letter D. The usual form of the D-valve is shown in fig. 1, where it is seen detached." -Whitney, 1911

D Valve

"A valve for opening and closing the induction and eduction passages of a steam-engine cylinder: so…

"A valve for opening and closing the induction and eduction passages of a steam-engine cylinder: so called from its plan resembling the letter D. fig. 2 ... represents a section of a steam-cylinder and nozles." -Whitney, 1911

D Valve

"A valve for opening and closing the induction and eduction passages of a steam-engine cylinder: so…

"Balance-dynamometer (elevation). An apparatus for measuring the amount of force expended by men, animals, or motors in moving a load, operating machines, towing vessels, etc.; a power-measurer." -Whitney, 1911

Balance, Dynamometer

"Balance-dynamometer (elevation). An apparatus for measuring the amount of force expended by men, animals,…

"Balance-dynamometer (elevation). An apparatus for measuring the amount of force expended by men, animals, or motors in moving a load, operating machines, towing vessels, etc.; a power-measurer." -Whitney, 1911

Balance, Dynamometer

"Balance-dynamometer (elevation). An apparatus for measuring the amount of force expended by men, animals,…

"Transverse Section through Side Walls of Skull, showing the Inner Parts of the Ear. Co, concha or external ear, or pinna; EM, external auditory meatus; TyM, tympanic membrane; Inc, incus; Mall, malleus; ASC, PSC, ESC, anterior, posterior, and external semicircular canals; Coc, cochlea; Eu, Eustachian tube; IM, internal auditory meatus, through which the auditory nerve passes to the organ of hearing." -Whitney, 1911

Inner Ear

"Transverse Section through Side Walls of Skull, showing the Inner Parts of the Ear. Co, concha or external…

"External Ear, or Pinna. 1, helix; 2, fossa of antihelix, or fossa triangularis; 3, fossa of helix, or fossa scaphoidea; 4, antihelix; 5, 5, concha; 6, antitragus; 7, lobule; 8, tragus." -Whitney, 1911

External Ear

"External Ear, or Pinna. 1, helix; 2, fossa of antihelix, or fossa triangularis; 3, fossa of helix,…

"In geometry, an angle connected with an ellipse and defined as ... angle BCL, reckoned from one determinate end, B, of the transverse axis, called the eccentric angle of the point H." -Whitney, 1911

Eccentric Angle

"In geometry, an angle connected with an ellipse and defined as ... angle BCL, reckoned from one determinate…

"Diagram of an Echinus (stripped of its spines). a, mouth; a', gullet; b, teeth; c, lips; d, alveoli; e, falces; f, f, auriculariae; g, retractor, and h, protractor, muscles of Aristotle's lantern; i, madreporic canal; k, circular ambulacral vessel; l, Polian pedicels; r, r, spines; s, tubercle; s', tubercle to which a spine is articulated; t, t, pedicellariae; u, anus; v, madreporic tubercle; x, ocular spot." -Whitney, 1911

Sea Urchin Section

"Diagram of an Echinus (stripped of its spines). a, mouth; a', gullet; b, teeth; c, lips; d, alveoli;…

The Hawaiian Rock Urchin (Echinometra oblongata) is a sea urchin, here "with spines in part removed to show the plates of the test." -Whitney, 1911

Hawaiian Rock Urchin

The Hawaiian Rock Urchin (Echinometra oblongata) is a sea urchin, here "with spines in part removed…

Echinopaedia is the name for the early or larval stages of echinoderms like sea stars and sea urchins. "A, common primitive form of Echinodermata, whence B, B', a vermiform holothurid, and C, C', a pluteiform ophiurid or echinid (pluteus) larva are derived: a, mouth; b, stomach; c, intestine; d, anus; e, ciliated band." -Whitney, 1911

Echinopaedia

Echinopaedia is the name for the early or larval stages of echinoderms like sea stars and sea urchins.…

A fossil of Echinothuria floris, a species of sea urchin "having the plates of the shell overlapping or movably connected by soft parts." -Whitney, 1911

Urchin Fossil

A fossil of Echinothuria floris, a species of sea urchin "having the plates of the shell overlapping…

"Sea-urchin (Echinus esculentus). Left side in natural state; right side with spines removed, showing the bare plates." -Whitney, 1911

European Edible Sea Urchin

"Sea-urchin (Echinus esculentus). Left side in natural state; right side with spines removed, showing…

"The shield carried by a mounted man-at-arms in the middle ages; especially, the triangular shield of no great length carried during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and hung around the neck by the guige, so as to cover the left arm and left side." -Whitney, 1911

Écu

"The shield carried by a mounted man-at-arms in the middle ages; especially, the triangular shield of…

"Flowering Branch of Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia). a, fruit; b, section of same." -Whitney, 1911

Oleaster

"Flowering Branch of Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia). a, fruit; b, section of same." -Whitney, 1911

"Elaphidion parallelum ... a, larva; b, twig split open, showing inclosed pupa; k, severed end of twig; c, beetle; i, basal joints of an antenna, showing the characteristic spines at the tip of the third and fourth joints; j, tip of elytron; d, e, f, g, h, head, maxilla, labium, mandible, and antenna of larva." -Whitney, 1911

Long-Horned Beetle

"Elaphidion parallelum ... a, larva; b, twig split open, showing inclosed pupa; k, severed end of twig;…

"Brain of Skate (Raia batis), an elasmobranchiate fish. B, from below, in part enlarged: ch, optic chiasm; h, pituitary body; n and v, vessels connected with h; k, saccus vasculosus; ß, pyrimids of medulla oblongata; a, I, II, V, same as in A." -Whitney, 1911

Skate Brain

"Brain of Skate (Raia batis), an elasmobranchiate fish. B, from below, in part enlarged: ch, optic chiasm;…

"Brain of Skate (Raia batis), an elasmobranchiate fish. A, from above; s, olfactory bulbs; a, cerebral hemispheres, united in the middle line; b, thalamencephalon; c, mesencephalon; d, cerebellum; aa, plaited bands formed by the restiform bodies; I, II, IV, V, first (olfactory), second (optic), fourth, and fifth pairs of cerebral nerves; f, medulla oblongata; w, a blood-vessel. " -Whitney, 1911

Skate Brain

"Brain of Skate (Raia batis), an elasmobranchiate fish. A, from above; s, olfactory bulbs; a, cerebral…

Now known as electrostatic generators, the Frictional electric machine produces static electricity at high voltage. "A, glass plate; B, rubber, holding amalgam; C, collecting points; D, prime conductor." -Whitney, 1911

Frictional Electric Machine

Now known as electrostatic generators, the Frictional electric machine produces static electricity at…

"A magnet which owes its magnetic properties to the inductive action of an electric current." -Whitney, 1911

Electromagnet

"A magnet which owes its magnetic properties to the inductive action of an electric current." -Whitney,…

Alessandro Volta's design of the electrophorus. "An instrument for obtaining statical electricity by means of induction." -Whitney, 1911

Electrophorus

Alessandro Volta's design of the electrophorus. "An instrument for obtaining statical electricity by…

"An instrument for observing or detecting the existence of free electricity, and, in general, for determining its kind. ... The simplest electroscope consists of pith-balls suspended by silk threads." -Whitney, 1911

Pith-Ball Electroscope

"An instrument for observing or detecting the existence of free electricity, and, in general, for determining…

"An instrument for observing or detecting the existence of free electricity, and, in general, for determining its kind. ... Quadrant electroscope, a form of pith-ball electroscope which serves to measure roughly the degree of electrification by the rise of the pith-ball as indicated by the motion of the rod carrying it on a graduated semicircle." -Whitney, 1911

Quadrant Electroscope

"An instrument for observing or detecting the existence of free electricity, and, in general, for determining…

"An instrument for observing or detecting the existence of free electricity, and, in general, for determining its kind. ... In Volta's condensing electroscope, in place of the gilt knob there is a flat metal plate upon which rests another similar plate, which may be removed by an insulating handle." -Whitney, 1911

Condensing Electroscope

"An instrument for observing or detecting the existence of free electricity, and, in general, for determining…

"Skeleton and Outline of African Elephant (Elephas or Loxodon africanus). fr, frontal; ma, mandible; ma', malar; fi, "finger" at end of trunk; C, cervical vertebrae; D, dorsal vertebrae; D, dorsal vertebrae; pe, pelvis; sc, scapula; st, sternum; hu, humerus; ul, ulna; ra, radius; mc, metacarpus; fe, femur; pat, patella; tib, tibia; fib, fibula; met, metatarsus." -Whitney, 1911

African Elephant Skeleton

"Skeleton and Outline of African Elephant (Elephas or Loxodon africanus). fr, frontal; ma, mandible;…

Now known as Ulmus procera, the image shows a "Flowering Branch and Foliage of English Elm (Ulmus campestris), with flower and fruit on larger scale." -Whitney, 1911

English Elm

Now known as Ulmus procera, the image shows a "Flowering Branch and Foliage of English Elm (Ulmus campestris),…

"Elytrum of Polymoë, a polychaetous annelid, bearing fimbriae, viewed from above." -Whitney, 1911

Polymoë

"Elytrum of Polymoë, a polychaetous annelid, bearing fimbriae, viewed from above." -Whitney, 1911

The white represents silver or "argent," the fesse is the band going across. It is gules or red and its shape is called battlement. "Argent, a Fesse Embattled Gules." -Whitney, 1911

Battlement

The white represents silver or "argent," the fesse is the band going across. It is gules or red and…

"In architecture, a molding indented like a battlement." -Whitney, 1911

Embattled Molding

"In architecture, a molding indented like a battlement." -Whitney, 1911

"Early Human Embryo, giving diagrammatically the principal vessels antecedent to the establishment of the regular fetal circulation. H, heart; P, lungs; L, liver; T A, the aortic trunk or cardiac aorta; c, c', c", common, external, and internal carotids; s, subclavian artery; v, vertebral artery; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the aortic arches (the persistent left aortic arch hidden); A, subvertebral aorta; o, o', omphalomeseraic artery and vein, to and from U, the umbilical vesicle with its vitelline duct, dv; u, u, the two hypogastric or umbilical arteries, with the ramifications, u", u", in the placenta; u', umbilical vein; vh, hepatic vein; cv, inferior vena cava; vil, iliac veins; az, an azygous vein; vc, a posterior cardinal vein; vi, innominate vein; vp, portal vein; Dv, the ductus venosus; DC, a ductus Cuvieri. The anterior cardinal vein is seen beginning in the head and running down to the ductus Cuvieri, on the under side of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5." -Whitney, 1911

Human Embryo

"Early Human Embryo, giving diagrammatically the principal vessels antecedent to the establishment of…

"Strawberry False-worm (Emphytus maculatus). 1, 2 pupa, ventral and lateral views (line shows natural size); 3, fly, enlarged (wings on one side detached); 4, larva; 5, fly with wings closed; 6, larva curled up; 7, coccoon; 8, antenna; 9, egg. (4, 5, 6, and 7 natural size; 8 and 9 enlarged.)" -Whitney, 1911

Strawberry Sawfly

"Strawberry False-worm (Emphytus maculatus). 1, 2 pupa, ventral and lateral views (line shows natural…

"That kind of masonry, much used in ancient fortification-walls, etc. in which the outside surfaces on both sides are formed of ashler laid in regular courses, and the inclosed space between them is filled in with rubble-work." -Whitney, 1911

Emplectum

"That kind of masonry, much used in ancient fortification-walls, etc. in which the outside surfaces…

The shield is silver or argent and the red or gules chevron is enarched or rounded. "Argent, a Chevron Enarched Gules." -Whitney, 1911

Enarched Chevron

The shield is silver or argent and the red or gules chevron is enarched or rounded. "Argent, a Chevron…

"Inside View of Shield, showing Enarme, or Gear. Enarmer, provide, as a shield, with straps." -Whitney, 1911

Enarme

"Inside View of Shield, showing Enarme, or Gear. Enarmer, provide, as a shield, with straps." -Whitney,…

"In architecture, a sculptured ornament in imitation of a garland or festoon of fruits, leaves, or flowers, or of other objects, suspended between two points." -Whitney, 1911

Encarpus

"In architecture, a sculptured ornament in imitation of a garland or festoon of fruits, leaves, or flowers,…

"Encaustic tile, a tile for pavement- and wall-decoration, in which the pattern is inlaid or incrusted in clay of one color in a ground of clay of another color. The manufacture and employment of encaustic tiles were brought to great excellence in connection with the architecture of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, particularly in France and England; and the art has been successfully revived in the nineteenth century." -Whitney, 1911

Encaustic Tile

"Encaustic tile, a tile for pavement- and wall-decoration, in which the pattern is inlaid or incrusted…

"Diagram of Vertebrate Encephalon ... in longitudinal vertical section. Mb, mid-brain; in front of it all is forebrain, behind it all is hind-brain; laminaterminalis, represented by the heavy black line in upper figure; Olf, olfactory lobes; Hmp, cerebral hemispheres; ThE, thalamencephalon; Py, pituitary body; FM, foramen of Monro; CS, corpus striatum; Th, optic thalamus; CQ, corpora quadrigemina; CC, crura cerebri; Cb, cerebellum; PV, pons Varolii; MO, medulla oblongata; I, olfactory nerves; II, optic nerves; III, point of ext from brain of the oculimotores; IV, of the pathetici; VI, of the abducentes; V-XII, origins of other cerebral nerves; 1, olfactory ventricle; 2, lateral ventricle; 3, third ventricle; 4, fourth ventricle." -Whitney, 1911

Encephalon

"Diagram of Vertebrate Encephalon ... in longitudinal vertical section. Mb, mid-brain; in front of it…

"Diagram of Vertebrate Encephalon ... in horizontal section. Mb, mid-brain; in front of it all is forebrain, behind it all is hind-brain; Lt, laminaterminalis; Olf, olfactory lobes; Pn, pineal body, or conarium; M, foramen of Monro; CS, corpus striatum; Th, optic thalamus; Cb, cerebellum; MO, medulla oblongata; I, olfactory nerves; II, optic nerves; 1, olfactory ventricle; 2, lateral ventricle; 3, third ventricle; 4, fourth ventricle; + is in the iter e tertio ad quartum ventriculum." -Whitney, 1911

Encephalon

"Diagram of Vertebrate Encephalon ... in horizontal section. Mb, mid-brain; in front of it all is forebrain,…

"Enchylis pupa. The typical genus of the family Encheliyidae, with simply ciliate terminal mouth, as in E. farcimen." -Whitney, 1911

Ciliate

"Enchylis pupa. The typical genus of the family Encheliyidae, with simply ciliate terminal mouth, as…

"Encope emarginata. Encope is a genus of irregular clypeastroid sea-urchins, of the family Mellitidae." -Whitney, 1911

Encope

"Encope emarginata. Encope is a genus of irregular clypeastroid sea-urchins, of the family Mellitidae."…

"Encrinite: head and piece of stem. Any fossil crinoid; a stone-lily: a term especially applied to the ordinary stalked form with a cylindrical stem and well-formed arms." -Whitney, 1911

Encrinite

"Encrinite: head and piece of stem. Any fossil crinoid; a stone-lily: a term especially applied to the…

"Encrinite: Any fossil crinoid; a stone-lily: a term especially applied to the ordinary stalked form with a cylindrical stem and well-formed arms. a, a, parts of the stem; b, b, separate joints." -Whitney, 1911

Encrinite

"Encrinite: Any fossil crinoid; a stone-lily: a term especially applied to the ordinary stalked form…

"Endless screw, a mechanical arrangement consisting of a screw the thread of which gears into a wheel with skew teeth, the obliquity corresponding to the angle of pitch of the screw." -Whitney, 1911

Endless Screw and Wheel

"Endless screw, a mechanical arrangement consisting of a screw the thread of which gears into a wheel…

"Fruit of Peach (Prunus persica). En, endocarp; Ep, epicarp; Mes, mesocarp." -Whitney, 1911

Peach

"Fruit of Peach (Prunus persica). En, endocarp; Ep, epicarp; Mes, mesocarp." -Whitney, 1911

Section of the stem from a palm tree, showing how endogens grow threw elongation internally. "1. Section of the stem of a palm: e, e, remains of leaf-stalks; f, bundles of woody fiber." -Whitney, 1911

Palm Stem

Section of the stem from a palm tree, showing how endogens grow threw elongation internally. "1. Section…

The image shows how endogens grow threw elongation internally. "Endogenous leaf, showing its parallel veins." -Whitney, 1911

Endogenous Leaf

The image shows how endogens grow threw elongation internally. "Endogenous leaf, showing its parallel…

"A, Developed Endopodite, or ordinary ambulatory leg of the crawfish as a thoracic appendage: ab, the whole extent of the endopodite with seven joints; 1, coxopodite; 2, basipodite; 3, ischiopodite; 4, meropodite; 5, capopodite; 6, propodte; 7, dactylopodite; e, filaments borne on coxopodite; d, an epipodite. B and C, appendages respectively of first and second abdominal somite of th male: ab, endopodite; c, exopodite." -Whitney, 1911

Crawfish Leg

"A, Developed Endopodite, or ordinary ambulatory leg of the crawfish as a thoracic appendage: ab, the…

"Segment of Endoskeleton from Thoracic Region of Crocodile. C, centrum of a vertebra, over which rises the neural arch, inclosing the neural canal and ending in NS, the neural spine; Z, prezygapophysis; Z', postzygapophysis; Tt, transverse process which articulates with t, tubercle of a rib; Cpt, that which articulates with Cp, capitulum of a rib; Vr, ossified vertebral rib, or pleurapophysis; Vr', cartilaginous part of same; Str, sternal rib, or hemapophysis; St, segment of sternum; Pu, uncinate process of a rib or epipleura. From Cpt to St, on either side, is the hemal arch." -Whitney, 1911

Crocodile Thoracic Region

"Segment of Endoskeleton from Thoracic Region of Crocodile. C, centrum of a vertebra, over which rises…

On an argent (silver) background, an engrailed gules (red) bend (diagonal band). "Engrailed. In heraldry, cut into concave semicircular indents." -Whitney, 1911

Engrailed Bend

On an argent (silver) background, an engrailed gules (red) bend (diagonal band). "Engrailed. In heraldry,…

"Argent (silver), a heart gules (red), ensigned with a royal crown. In heraldry, to distinguish (a charge) by a mark or an ornament, as a crown, coronet, or miter." -Whitney, 1911

Ensign

"Argent (silver), a heart gules (red), ensigned with a royal crown. In heraldry, to distinguish (a charge)…

"Doric Entablature. E, entablature: a, epistyle or architrave; b, frieze; c, cornice." -Whitney, 1911

Doric Entablature

"Doric Entablature. E, entablature: a, epistyle or architrave; b, frieze; c, cornice." -Whitney, 1911

"In architecture, the swelling or outward curve of the profile of the shaft of a column. Entasis. e e, arcs of entasis." -Whitney, 1911

Entasis

"In architecture, the swelling or outward curve of the profile of the shaft of a column. Entasis. e…

"A low story between two others of greater height, especially one so treated architecturally that from the exterior it appears to form a single story with the one below it ... Part of House on Boulevard Malesherbes, Paris. E, E, entresol." -Whitney, 1911

Entresol

"A low story between two others of greater height, especially one so treated architecturally that from…

"The shoulder-piece in the armor of the fourteenth century, especially when small and fitting closely to the person, as compared with the large pauldron of later days." -Whitney, 1911

Epaulet

"The shoulder-piece in the armor of the fourteenth century, especially when small and fitting closely…

"The shoulder-piece in the armor of the fourteenth century, especially when small and fitting closely to the person, as compared with the large pauldron of later days." -Whitney, 1911

Epaulet

"The shoulder-piece in the armor of the fourteenth century, especially when small and fitting closely…

"In armor, the devices, more or less elaborate according to according to the period, etc., serving to protect the shoulder, or to connect breastplate and backpiece at the shoulder. e, Épaulière, about 1425." -Whitney, 1911

Épaulière

"In armor, the devices, more or less elaborate according to according to the period, etc., serving to…

"Épi. A slender finial of metal or terracotta, ornamenting the extremities or intersections of roof-ridges or forming the termination of a pointed roof or spire. Épi of Lead, 13th century-- Cathedral of Chartres." -Whitney, 1911

Épi

"Épi. A slender finial of metal or terracotta, ornamenting the extremities or intersections of…

"Anterior View, Distal End, of Right Humerus of a Man. H, humerus; epc, epicondyle, or external supracondyloid protuberance; ept, epitrochlea, or internal supracondyloid protuberance; cp, capitellum, or convex articular suface for head of radius; tr, trochlea, or transversely concave articular surface for the ulna; epc and cp are together the ectocondyle, and ept and tr are together the entocondyle." -Whitney, 1911

Humerus

"Anterior View, Distal End, of Right Humerus of a Man. H, humerus; epc, epicondyle, or external supracondyloid…

"In geometry, a curve generated by the motion of a point on the circumference of a circle which rolls upon the convex side of a fixed circle." -Whitney, 1911

Epicycloid

"In geometry, a curve generated by the motion of a point on the circumference of a circle which rolls…

"Epicycloidal teeth, teeth for gearing cut in the form of an epicycloid." -Whitney, 1911

Epicycloidal Teeth

"Epicycloidal teeth, teeth for gearing cut in the form of an epicycloid." -Whitney, 1911

"Epicycloidal wheel, a wheel or ring fixed to a framework, toothed on its inner side, and having in gear with it another toothed wheel, of half the diameter of the first, fitted so as to revolve about the center of the latter. It is used for converting circular into alternate motion, or alternate into circular." -Whitney, 1911

Epicycloidal Wheel

"Epicycloidal wheel, a wheel or ring fixed to a framework, toothed on its inner side, and having in…