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The manta ray (Manta birostris), is the largest of the rays, with the largest known specimen having been more than 7.6 m (about 25 ft) across, with a weight of about 2,300 kg (about 5,000 lbs). It ranges throughout all tropical waters of the world, typically around coral reefs. Mantas have been given a variety of common names, including Atlantic manta, Pacific manta, devilfish, and just manta. Some people just call all members of the family stingrays, though stingrays comprise a separate family of rays (Dasyatidae). Recent studies have discovered that what is called manta ray are at least two different species, one smaller local and one much larger and migratory.

Manta Ray

The manta ray (Manta birostris), is the largest of the rays, with the largest known specimen having…

An illustration of a family holding bundles.

Family

An illustration of a family holding bundles.

An illustration of a man sitting in a chair holding a small telescope.

Man in Chair

An illustration of a man sitting in a chair holding a small telescope.

An illustration of a man holding a tambourine and playing with a dog.

Man and Dog

An illustration of a man holding a tambourine and playing with a dog.

An illustration of a man holding an heavy ball with one arm and holding another man with the other.

Strong Man

An illustration of a man holding an heavy ball with one arm and holding another man with the other.

An illustration of a man holding a sea cucumber. The sea cucumber (also known as trepang and sea slug) is an echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea, with an elongated body and leathery skin, which is found on the sea floor worldwide. It is so named because of its cucumber-like shape. The body contains a single, branched gonad. Like all echinoderms, sea cucumbers have an endoskeleton just below the skin, calcified structures that are usually reduced to isolated microscopic ossicles (or sclerietes) joined by connective tissue. These can sometimes be enlarged to flattened plates, forming an armor.

Man Holding Sea Cucumber

An illustration of a man holding a sea cucumber. The sea cucumber (also known as trepang and sea slug)…

An illustration of a man in a top hat holding a whip.

Man in Top Hat

An illustration of a man in a top hat holding a whip.

An illustration of two guards escorting a man by the collar.

Guards Escorting Man

An illustration of two guards escorting a man by the collar.

A drawing of a street in old New Orleans, Louisiana.

A Bit of Old New Orleans

A drawing of a street in old New Orleans, Louisiana.

George Whitefield (December 16, 1714 – September 30, 1770), was a preacher in the Church of England and one of the leaders of the Methodist movement. He first took to preaching in the open air on Hanham Mount, Kingswood, in southeast Bristol. A crowd of 20,000 people gathered to hear him. Even larger crowds – Whitefield himself estimated 30,000 – met him in Cambuslang in 1742. Benjamin Franklin once attended a revival meeting in Philadelphia and was greatly impressed with Whitefield's ability to deliver a message to such a large audience.

George Whitefield

George Whitefield (December 16, 1714 – September 30, 1770), was a preacher in the Church of England…

From Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver finds himself in the land of Brobdingnag, where the people there are sixty feet tall.

Gulliver's Travels

From Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver finds himself in the land of Brobdingnag, where the people…

An illustration of a small dog holding a fan with its tail.

Dog with Fan

An illustration of a small dog holding a fan with its tail.

The Shedu is a celestial being from Mesopotamian mythology. He is a human above the waist and a bull below the waist. He also has the horns and the ears of a bull. The bull man helps people fight evil and chaos. He holds the gates of dawn open for the sun god Shamash and supports the sun disc. He is often shown on Cylinder Seals. It appears frequently in Mesopotamian art, sometimes with wings. Statues of the bull-man were often used as gatekeepers.

Shedu

The Shedu is a celestial being from Mesopotamian mythology. He is a human above the waist and a bull…

An illustration of Socrates, a Classical Greek philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, in reality he is an enigmatic figure known only through other people's accounts. It is Plato's dialogues that have largely created today's impression of him.

Socrates

An illustration of Socrates, a Classical Greek philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western…

The guillotine was a device used for carrying out executions by decapitation. It consists of a tall upright frame from which a heavy blade is suspended. This blade is raised with a rope and then allowed to drop, severing the victim's head from his or her body. The device is noted for long being the main method of execution in France and, more particularly, for its use during the French Revolution. The guillotine also "became a part of popular culture, celebrated as the people's avenger by supporters of the Revolution and vilified as the preeminent symbol of the Terror by opponents.

Guillotine

The guillotine was a device used for carrying out executions by decapitation. It consists of a tall…

An illustration of a group of men and woman holding sheet music and singing.

Singing Group

An illustration of a group of men and woman holding sheet music and singing.

An illustration of a man sitting in a chair holding a empty pitcher and his top hat laying on the floor.

Man and CHair

An illustration of a man sitting in a chair holding a empty pitcher and his top hat laying on the floor.

An illustration of a young child at a door with an elderly man holding a candle.

Child at Door

An illustration of a young child at a door with an elderly man holding a candle.

An illustration of a man leaning up against a wall with his hands in his pocket.

Man Leaning Against Wall

An illustration of a man leaning up against a wall with his hands in his pocket.

An illustration of a decorative coal scuttle. A coal scuttle, sometimes spelled coalscuttle and also called a hod, is a bucket-like container for holding a small, intermediate supply of coal convenient to an indoor coal-fired stove or heater. It is usually made of metal and shaped like a vertical cylinder or truncated cone, with the open top slanted for pouring coal on a fire. It may have one or two handles. Homes that don't use coal sometimes use a coal scuttle decoratively.

Coal Scuttle

An illustration of a decorative coal scuttle. A coal scuttle, sometimes spelled coalscuttle and also…

An illustration of a group of men walking through a field holding shotguns.

Group of Men Hunting

An illustration of a group of men walking through a field holding shotguns.

An illustration of a group of people surrounding a casino table.

Casino

An illustration of a group of people surrounding a casino table.

One very useful knife has a long blade with a cutting edge on one side, and a handle at each end, placed a a right angle with the blade. Such a two-handled knife is called a draw knife, because it is used with both hands and is pulled or drawn forward in making a cut with a blade.

Draw Knife (Colonial Tool)

One very useful knife has a long blade with a cutting edge on one side, and a handle at each end, placed…

The inauguration of President William McKinley led by the Black Horse Cavalry down Pennsylvania Avenue.

Inauguration of William McKinley

The inauguration of President William McKinley led by the Black Horse Cavalry down Pennsylvania Avenue.

"Transportation in a large city, showing elevated road, surface line, and subway." -Gordy, 1916

City Transportation

"Transportation in a large city, showing elevated road, surface line, and subway." -Gordy, 1916

An illustration of a crowded promenade. An esplanade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large body of water, where people may walk. This allows people to promenade along the sea front, usually for recreational purposes, whatever the state of the tide, without having to walk on the beach. Esplanades became popular in Victorian times when it was fashionable to visit seaside resorts. The original meaning of esplanade was a large, open, level area outside fortress or city walls. Esplanade and promenade are sometimes used interchangeably, but that is a mistake. A promenade can be anywhere, and it is exclusively for walking, while an esplanade is for walking but also can include large boulevards or avenues with cars.

Promenade

An illustration of a crowded promenade. An esplanade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a…

An illustration of two men shaking hands and kissing each other's cheeks

Shaking Hands

An illustration of two men shaking hands and kissing each other's cheeks

An illustration of a man holding a fork and knife in his hands and with a napkin wrapped around his neck.

Man with Fork and Knife

An illustration of a man holding a fork and knife in his hands and with a napkin wrapped around his…

An illustration of two girls surrounding a girl holding a infant.

Girls

An illustration of two girls surrounding a girl holding a infant.

An illustration of a woman sitting on a horse holding an umbrella.

Woman on Horse

An illustration of a woman sitting on a horse holding an umbrella.

An illustration of a woman holding a tray.

Woman Holding Tray

An illustration of a woman holding a tray.

An illustration of a man asleep on a bench with another man standing in front of him holding a cane.

Man on Bench

An illustration of a man asleep on a bench with another man standing in front of him holding a cane.

An illustration of an older man holding a small child.

Man and Baby

An illustration of an older man holding a small child.

An illustration of a group of people kneeling in front a large cross.

Kneeling in Front of Cross

An illustration of a group of people kneeling in front a large cross.

A street scene from the 1800's of Wichita, Kansas.

Street Scene in Wichita

A street scene from the 1800's of Wichita, Kansas.

Rev. Samuel Kirkland (1741 – 1808) was a Presbyterian missionary among the Oneida and Tuscarora people in North America.

Samuel Kirkland

Rev. Samuel Kirkland (1741 – 1808) was a Presbyterian missionary among the Oneida and Tuscarora…

Tent caterpillars are moderately sized species in the genus Malacosoma in the moth family Lasiocampidae. Species occur in North America, Mexico, and Eurasia. Twenty-six species have been described, six of which occur in North America. Some species are considered to have subspecies as well. Although most people consider tent caterpillars only as pests due to their habit of defoliating trees, they are among the most social of all caterpillars and exhibit many noteworthy behaviors.

Tent Caterpillars

Tent caterpillars are moderately sized species in the genus Malacosoma in the moth family Lasiocampidae.…

An illustration of tent caterpillar eggs. Tent caterpillars are moderately sized species in the genus Malacosoma in the moth family Lasiocampidae. Species occur in North America, Mexico, and Eurasia. Twenty-six species have been described, six of which occur in North America. Some species are considered to have subspecies as well. Although most people consider tent caterpillars only as pests due to their habit of defoliating trees, they are among the most social of all caterpillars and exhibit many noteworthy behaviors.

Tent Caterpillar Eggs

An illustration of tent caterpillar eggs. Tent caterpillars are moderately sized species in the genus…

An illustration of a tent caterpillar cacoon. Tent caterpillars are moderately sized species in the genus Malacosoma in the moth family Lasiocampidae. Species occur in North America, Mexico, and Eurasia. Twenty-six species have been described, six of which occur in North America. Some species are considered to have subspecies as well. Although most people consider tent caterpillars only as pests due to their habit of defoliating trees, they are among the most social of all caterpillars and exhibit many noteworthy behaviors.

Tent Caterpillar Cocoon

An illustration of a tent caterpillar cacoon. Tent caterpillars are moderately sized species in the…

Chess is a recreational and competitive game played between two players. Sometimes called Western chess or international chess to distinguish it from its predecessors and other chess variants, the current form of the game emerged in Southern Europe during the second half of the 15th century after evolving from similar, much older games of Indian and Persian origin. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.

Chess Board

Chess is a recreational and competitive game played between two players. Sometimes called Western chess…

During this early period Virginia's population grew with the introduction of settlers and servants into the burgeoning plantation economy. Land from the Native Americans was appropriated by force and treaty, including the Treaty of 1677, which made the signatory tribes tributary states. In 1619 the House of Burgesses was established as the colony's elected governance, and African servants were first introduced, with slavery being codified in 1661.

Early Settlers

During this early period Virginia's population grew with the introduction of settlers and servants into…

The Colonial Seal of Virginia. An Indian kneels before a prominent royal figure.

Colonial Seal of Virginia

The Colonial Seal of Virginia. An Indian kneels before a prominent royal figure.

The City of Manila, or simply Manila, is the capital of the Philippines. Seen here are some natives of the city.

Natives of Manila

The City of Manila, or simply Manila, is the capital of the Philippines. Seen here are some natives…

An unknown people inhabited the central portion of North America at an unknown period in its history. They left traces of agriculture and skill in arts.

Great Earthwork near Newark, Ohio

An unknown people inhabited the central portion of North America at an unknown period in its history.…

A comparison of vertebrate hands. A, hand or anterior foot of the dog; B, that of the hog; C, that of the elk; D, that of the ox. Digits: I, pollex; II, index; III, medius; IV, annukus; V, minimus.

Hands of Vertebrates

A comparison of vertebrate hands. A, hand or anterior foot of the dog; B, that of the hog; C, that of…

"A handle for holding the threaded die by which the thread is cut on a bar, a nut, or a pipe; a die-stock; a screw-plate." -Whitney, 1911

Screw Stock

"A handle for holding the threaded die by which the thread is cut on a bar, a nut, or a pipe; a die-stock;…

The Great Seal of the United States with "E. Pluribus Unum" and a bald eagle holding thirteen arrows and an olive branch.

Great Seal of the United States

The Great Seal of the United States with "E. Pluribus Unum" and a bald eagle holding thirteen arrows…

The Great Seal of Alabama, 1911. The image depicts a bald eagle holding a banner that reads "Here we rest." It is holding arrows and standing on a shield decorated with stars and stripes.

Seal of Alabama

The Great Seal of Alabama, 1911. The image depicts a bald eagle holding a banner that reads "Here we…

The Seal of the District of Alaska, 1911. The image on the seal shows Alaska's mountains and shore.

Seal of Alaska

The Seal of the District of Alaska, 1911. The image on the seal shows Alaska's mountains and shore.

Scenery of a street in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Street Scene in San Juan

Scenery of a street in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

The Seal of the State of Arkansas. The seal shows Mercy, a bald eagle holding a shield, and the sword of justice.

Seal of Arkansas

The Seal of the State of Arkansas. The seal shows Mercy, a bald eagle holding a shield, and the sword…

The seal of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The seal shows a frontiersman and a statesman shaking hands with the state motto, "United we stand, divided we fall."

Seal of Kentucky

The seal of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The seal shows a frontiersman and a statesman shaking hands…

The Seal of the State of Massachusetts. The seal has a shield in the center with a Algonquin Native American holding a bow and arrow. Around the shield, is a blue ribbon with the state motto, 'Ense Petit Placidam Sub Libertate Quietem" which means "By the sword we seek peace, but only under liberty."

Seal of Massachusetts

The Seal of the State of Massachusetts. The seal has a shield in the center with a Algonquin Native…

The Great Seal of the State of Missouri. Two grizzly bears hold a shield with the national seal and icons symbolizing growth and strength. The scroll holds the state motto, 'Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto' meaning "Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law."

Seal of Missouri

The Great Seal of the State of Missouri. Two grizzly bears hold a shield with the national seal and…

The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey. The seal features Liberty and Ceres holding a shield with three plows representing agriculture. The state motto in the ribbon below reads, "Liberty and Prosperity."

Seal of New Jersey

The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey. The seal features Liberty and Ceres holding a shield with…

The Great Seal of the State of New Mexico, 1850. The seal pictures the American Bald Eagle and the Mexican Eagle holding a cactus in its talons and a snake in its mouth. Below them is a banner with the state motto, 'Crescit Eundo' meaning "It grows as it goes."

Seal of New Mexico

The Great Seal of the State of New Mexico, 1850. The seal pictures the American Bald Eagle and the Mexican…

The Great Seal of the State of New York. The seal shows Justice holding the scales and Liberty stepping on the British Crown. Between them, is a shield with the sun and boats on the Hudson River. Beneath is the state motto 'Excelsior' meaning "Ever upwards."

Seal of New York

The Great Seal of the State of New York. The seal shows Justice holding the scales and Liberty stepping…

The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina, 1773. The seal shows Liberty standing and Plenty holding a cornucopia. Below is the state motto, 'Esse Quam Videri' meaning "To Be Rather Than To Seem."

Seal of North Carolina

The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina, 1773. The seal shows Liberty standing and Plenty holding…

The Great Seal of the State of South Dakota, 1889. The seal shows hills, a river and a boat, a farmer, a mine, and cattle. The state motto is above and reads "Under God the People Rule."

Seal of South Dakota

The Great Seal of the State of South Dakota, 1889. The seal shows hills, a river and a boat, a farmer,…

The Great Seal of the State of Utah, 1896. The seal shows a bald eagle holding a shield. The shield has a beehive with the motto "Industry."

Seal of Utah

The Great Seal of the State of Utah, 1896. The seal shows a bald eagle holding a shield. The shield…