ClipArt ETC
"Draw one and one-half inch square about center of space. Divide AE into four 3/16" spaces, with scale. With bow pencil and centers A, B, C, D draw four semicircles with 3/8" radius and so on. Complete the figure by drawing the horizontal and vertical tangents as shown." —French, 1911

Drawing Tangent to Circle Arcs with Bow Compass

"Draw one and one-half inch square about center of space. Divide AE into four 3/16" spaces, with scale.…

Make a perpendicular lines at point B and C, and join by a straight line. Create a desired curve by referencing the lines as a center and tangent.

Draw Reverse or Ogee Curve

Make a perpendicular lines at point B and C, and join by a straight line. Create a desired curve by…

"Any noncircular curve may be approximated by tangent circle arcs, selecting a center by trial, drawing as much of an arc as will practically coincide with the curve, then changing the center and radius for the next portion, remembering always that if arcs are to be tangent, their centers must lie on the common normal at the point of tangency." —French 1911

Curve Inked with Circle Arcs

"Any noncircular curve may be approximated by tangent circle arcs, selecting a center by trial, drawing…

"Let OA and OB be the asymptotes and P a point on the curve. Draw PC and PD. Mark any points on Pc; through these points draw ordinates parallel to OA and through the same points lines to O. At the intersection of these lines with PD draw abscissæ with the ordinates give points on the curve." —French, 1911

Drawing Rectangular Hyperbola

"Let OA and OB be the asymptotes and P a point on the curve. Draw PC and PD. Mark any points on Pc;…

"An involute is a curve generated by unwrapping an inflexible chord from around a polygon. Thus the involute of any polygon may be drawn by extending its sides, and with the corners of the polygon as successive centers drawing the tangent arcs." —French, 1911

Involute of Pentagon

"An involute is a curve generated by unwrapping an inflexible chord from around a polygon. Thus the…

"Divide the circumference into a number of equal parts, drawing the radii and numbering the points. Divide the radius No. 1 into the same number of equal parts, numbering from the center. With C as center draw concentric arcs intersecting the radii of corresponding numbers, and draw a smooth curve through these intersections." —French, 1911

Draw Spiral of Archimedes

"Divide the circumference into a number of equal parts, drawing the radii and numbering the points.…

"For the first practice draw in pencil top and bottom guide lines for 3/16" letters and with a 516 F or similar pen make directly in ink a series of vertical lines, drawing the pen down with a finger movement. This one stroke must be practised until the beginner can get lines vertical and of equal weight." —French, 1911

Top View of Position for Lettering Using Pen

"For the first practice draw in pencil top and bottom guide lines for 3/16" letters and with a 516 F…

This hand truck was designed around a round garbage can. The main purpose for the wheeled garbage truck was to be moved around by a person who collected garbage. The can features a small swivel wheel behind the larger stationary ones.

Two Wheeled Garbage Hand Truck

This hand truck was designed around a round garbage can. The main purpose for the wheeled garbage truck…

Depicting two six link chain designs. Item of personal adornment worn by a person.

Optional Two View Design of Watch Chains

Depicting two six link chain designs. Item of personal adornment worn by a person.

This apparatus features an annular graduated base holding the base parallel to the brain of the subject. Stating that the personality traits of a person can be determined by the shape of their head. Phrenology is based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind

An Annular Graduated Base Phrenometer

This apparatus features an annular graduated base holding the base parallel to the brain of the subject.…

This tailors measure is a measuring device for cloth cutters. A tailor is a person who makes, repairs, or alters clothing professionally.

Gradually Marked Tailors Measure

This tailors measure is a measuring device for cloth cutters. A tailor is a person who makes, repairs,…

This is a human powered vehicle with four wheels. The most common type of a velocipede today is the bicycle. Railroads in North America often made use of this four wheeled handcar designed to be operated by a single person.

Four Wheeled Railroad Velocipede

This is a human powered vehicle with four wheels. The most common type of a velocipede today is the…

This ear protector is designed to cover a persons ear for protection. they consist of a thermoplastic or metal head band, that fits round the top of the head, and a pad at each end to cover the external ears. Thermal earmuffs are worn in cold environments to keep a person's ears warm.

Elastic Perforated Ear Protector

This ear protector is designed to cover a persons ear for protection. they consist of a thermoplastic…

A monument is a type of structure either explicitly created to commemorate a person or important event or which has become important to a social group as part of their remembrance of past events.

Explicit Monument

A monument is a type of structure either explicitly created to commemorate a person or important event…

An index is a list of words or phrases and associated points to where useful material relating to that heading can be found in a document. In this traditional back-of-the-book index the headings will include names of people, places and events, and concepts selected by a person as being relevant and of interest to a possible reader of the book.

Index Device for Books

An index is a list of words or phrases and associated points to where useful material relating to that…

This is a buggy, also called a horse and carriage which refers to a light, simple, two person carriage of the 19th and early 20th centuries, drawn usually by one or sometimes two horses.

Buggy Body

This is a buggy, also called a horse and carriage which refers to a light, simple, two person carriage…

A T-square is a technical drawing instrument, primarily a guide for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting table. It is used by draftsmen. It is also used to guide the triangle that draws the vertical lines.

Architects Drafting Square

A T-square is a technical drawing instrument, primarily a guide for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting…

A chair is a raised surface used to sit on, commonly for use by one person. Chairs often have the seat raised above floor level, supported by four legs. A chair with arms is an armchair and with folding action and inclining footrest, is a recliner. The design may be made of porous materials, or be drilled with holes for decoration; a low back or gaps can provide ventilation. The back may extend above the height of the occupant's head, which can optionally contain a headrest.

Reclining Chair

A chair is a raised surface used to sit on, commonly for use by one person. Chairs often have the seat…

A Pantograph is a mechanical linkage connected in a special manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one specified point is an amplified version of the movement of another point. If a line drawing is traced by the first point, an enlarged copy will be drawn by a pen fixed to the other.

Pantograph Machine

A Pantograph is a mechanical linkage connected in a special manner based on parallelograms so that the…

A street sweeper can refer to a persons profession or a machine that cleans streets, usually in an urban area. Street sweepers have been employed in cities since sanitation and waste removal became a priority. A street-sweeping person would use a broom and shovel to clean off litter, animal waste and filth that accumulated on streets. Later water hoses were used to wash the streets.

Street Sweeper

A street sweeper can refer to a persons profession or a machine that cleans streets, usually in an urban…

This device was used by a hairdresser. A hairdresser is a universal term referring to someone whose occupation is to cut or style hair in order to change or maintain a person's image. This is achieved using a combination of hair coloring, haircutting and hair texture techniques.

Hair Dresser Apparatus

This device was used by a hairdresser. A hairdresser is a universal term referring to someone whose…

A couch is a generic term in North America and Australia, for an item of furniture designed to seat more than one person. Typically it will have an armrest on either side. Couches are normally found in the family room, living room, den or the lounge. They are covered in a variety of textiles or in leather.

Front View of a Settee

A couch is a generic term in North America and Australia, for an item of furniture designed to seat…

An index is a system used to make finding information easier. In a traditional back-of-the-book index the headings will include names of people, places and events, and concepts selected by a person as being relevant and of interest to a possible reader of the book.

File Index

An index is a system used to make finding information easier. In a traditional back-of-the-book index…

This metal frame is used to enhance a work of art aesthetically, as well as to protect it from dirt, dust and handling. This metal frame maintains a controlled setting to extend the life of the artwork it holds.

Metal Artwork Frame

This metal frame is used to enhance a work of art aesthetically, as well as to protect it from dirt,…

This chair is composed of a raised surface used to sit on, commonly for use by one person. These chairs often have the seat raised above floor level, supported by four legs. This chair features a fan design that autonomously spins as you rock back and forth.

Automatic Fan Attachment for Chairs

This chair is composed of a raised surface used to sit on, commonly for use by one person. These chairs…

"A circle may be shaded by shifting the center on a 45-degree line toward the lower right hand corner... by keeping the needle in the center after drawing the circle and springing the compass out and gradually pressing with the middle finger in the position as shown." —French, 1911

Shading a Circle Using Compass

"A circle may be shaded by shifting the center on a 45-degree line toward the lower right hand corner...…

"The intersection of two cylinders might represent a dome on a boiler. If the top view of cylinder A is divided into a number of equal parts the points will represent the top views of elements."—French, 1911

Intersection of Two Cylinders

"The intersection of two cylinders might represent a dome on a boiler. If the top view of cylinder A…

"If the cylinder A were to be developed a right section as at S—S would have to be taken, whose stretchout would be a straight line. If the cutting planes were taken at uniform distances apart, or at random, the elements would not be spaced uniformly on the stretchout but would be found as they project on the turned section of S—S." —French, 1911

Two Cylinders with Axes Not Intersecting

"If the cylinder A were to be developed a right section as at S—S would have to be taken, whose…

"A series of planes as S—S are passed perpendicular to the axis of revolution, cutting out the circles shown on the end view. The points at which these circles cut the 'flat' are projected back as points on the curve." —French, 1911

Intersection of Surface of Revolution and Plane

"A series of planes as S—S are passed perpendicular to the axis of revolution, cutting out the…

An illustration to draw triangle prism's development, or stretched out surfaces, in a 4" by 5" surface.

Triangle Prism Exercise

An illustration to draw triangle prism's development, or stretched out surfaces, in a 4" by 5" surface.

An exercise developed to draw a rolled out or development of the pentagon prism in a 4" by 5" surface.

Pentagon Development Prism Exercise

An exercise developed to draw a rolled out or development of the pentagon prism in a 4" by 5" surface.

An exercise in drawing a pentagonal prism development or rolled out image in a 4" by 5" area.

Pentagonal Prism Development Exercise

An exercise in drawing a pentagonal prism development or rolled out image in a 4" by 5" area.

An illustration to exercise a stretched out, or development, image of the triangular prism using 4" by 5 " surface.

Triangular Prism Development Exercise

An illustration to exercise a stretched out, or development, image of the triangular prism using 4"…

An exercise problem in creating a development or rolled out surface of a cylinder in a 4" by 5" drawing area.

Development Exercise of Cylinder

An exercise problem in creating a development or rolled out surface of a cylinder in a 4" by 5" drawing…

The exercise problem of creating a three piece elbow development or rolled out image of the cylinder using projections or with dividers.

Development Exercise of Cylinder using Three Piece Elbow

The exercise problem of creating a three piece elbow development or rolled out image of the cylinder…

Problem exercise in drawing a development or a stretchout image of the octagonal roof and finding the true shape of hip rafter by using projections or dividers.

Development Exercise of Octagonal Roof and True Shape of Rafter

Problem exercise in drawing a development or a stretchout image of the octagonal roof and finding the…

A development or rolled out image exercise problem of the dome and finding the true shape of the hip, or edge, of the dome by using projections or with dividers.

Development Exercise of Dome and True Shape of Hip

A development or rolled out image exercise problem of the dome and finding the true shape of the hip,…

Exercise problem to develop, or rolled out, image of the triangular pyramid by creating an equal length of the edges of each triangle.

Development Exercise of Triangular Pyramid

Exercise problem to develop, or rolled out, image of the triangular pyramid by creating an equal length…

A pentagonal pyramid problem exercise to complete the top view of the image, and development, or rolled out image, of the pyramid.

Development Exercise of Pentagonal Pyramid

A pentagonal pyramid problem exercise to complete the top view of the image, and development, or rolled…

A problem exercise creating a stretched out or developed image of the octagonal light shade by using the hexagonal pyramid development method.

Development Exercise of Octagonal Light Shade

A problem exercise creating a stretched out or developed image of the octagonal light shade by using…

A sample exercise problem in completing the top part of the hexagonal pyramid and to create a development, or stretched out, of the image by creating edges at equal lengths, and revolving the sides.

Development Exercise of Hexagonal Pyramid

A sample exercise problem in completing the top part of the hexagonal pyramid and to create a development,…

Development and top completion exercise problem of the cone by dividing the base into equal parts and creating an arc to revolve the sides of the plane.

Development Exercise of Cone

Development and top completion exercise problem of the cone by dividing the base into equal parts and…

An exercise problem to complete the top and develop, stretched out, image of the flange and hood cones by using series of cone development.

Development Exercise of Flange and Hood Cones

An exercise problem to complete the top and develop, stretched out, image of the flange and hood cones…

The problem exercise in completing the top view and creating the development, or rolled out, image of the pentagonal pyramid.

Development Exercise of Pentagonal Pyramid

The problem exercise in completing the top view and creating the development, or rolled out, image of…

A sample exercise problem to complete the top part and create a stretched out image of the oblique hexagonal pyramid. The stretched out image is created by drawing an arc with the perimeter of the base stepped off to create an intersection point.

Development Exercise of Oblique Hexagonal Pyramid

A sample exercise problem to complete the top part and create a stretched out image of the oblique hexagonal…

"The illustration gives conventions for a number of different materials. Those in the first line are accepted by practically all who use conventional cross—hatching... Those given are part of the codes of government standards of the Bureau of Steam Engineering and the Bureau of Construction U.S.N." —French, 1911

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Material Symbols

"The illustration gives conventions for a number of different materials. Those in the first line are…

A conventional cross hatching material symbol for cast iron.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Cast Iron

A conventional cross hatching material symbol for cast iron.

A conventional cross hatching symbol for Babbitt, metal composed of tin and copper.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Babbitt

A conventional cross hatching symbol for Babbitt, metal composed of tin and copper.

The conventional material symbol using cross hatching technique for brass.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Brass

The conventional material symbol using cross hatching technique for brass.

A mechanical drawing cross hatching symbol for cast steel.

Mechanical Drawing of Cross Hatching Cast Steel

A mechanical drawing cross hatching symbol for cast steel.

A wrought iron conventional cross hatching symbol.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Wrought Iron

A wrought iron conventional cross hatching symbol.

Conventional cross hatching mechanical drawing of copper.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Copper

Conventional cross hatching mechanical drawing of copper.

The conventional cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol for wrought steel.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Wrought Steel

The conventional cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol for wrought steel.

A conventional face hardened steel, commonly used in military armory, cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Face Hardened Steel

A conventional face hardened steel, commonly used in military armory, cross hatching mechanical drawing…

A conventional leather cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Leather

A conventional leather cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol.

Conventional cross hatching for glass for mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Glass

Conventional cross hatching for glass for mechanical drawing.

A conventional liquid symbol in cross hatching used in mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Liquid

A conventional liquid symbol in cross hatching used in mechanical drawing.

Cross hatching conventional symbol for insulating material used in mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Insulating Material

Cross hatching conventional symbol for insulating material used in mechanical drawing.

A series of general electrical symbols commonly used in mechanical drawing.

Electrical Symbols

A series of general electrical symbols commonly used in mechanical drawing.

A series of illustration with conventional breaks and other symbols. The break in the bar is used as a shortcut in shortening the length of the bar.

Conventional Breaks and Other Symbols

A series of illustration with conventional breaks and other symbols. The break in the bar is used as…