ClipArt ETC
Some wood-cells from Buttonwood, Platanus, a whole cell and lower end of another on the left; a cell cut half away lengthwise, and half of another on the right; some pores or pits (a) seen on the left; while <em>b b</em> mark sections through these on the cut surface. When lving and young the protoplasm extends into these and by minuter perforations connects across them. In age the pits become open passages, facilitating the passage of sap and air.

Buttonwood

Some wood-cells from Buttonwood, Platanus, a whole cell and lower end of another on the left; a cell…

Separate whole wood-cell

Wood-cell

Separate whole wood-cell

Separate whole wood-cell with both sections repesented: <em>a</em>, disks in section, <em>b</em>, in face.

Wood-cell

Separate whole wood-cell with both sections repesented: a, disks in section, b, in…

Spiral ducts which uncoil into a single thread

Ducts

Spiral ducts which uncoil into a single thread

Scalariform ducts of a Fern, torn into a band.

Ducts

Scalariform ducts of a Fern, torn into a band.

Milk Vessels of Dandelion, with cells of the common cellular tissue.

Dandelion

Milk Vessels of Dandelion, with cells of the common cellular tissue.

Milk Vessels of Dandelion, with cells of the common cellular tissue.

Dandelion

Milk Vessels of Dandelion, with cells of the common cellular tissue.

Diagram of a cross section of a very young exogenous stem, showing six woody bundles or wedges.

Exogenous Stem

Diagram of a cross section of a very young exogenous stem, showing six woody bundles or wedges.

Diagram of a cross section of a very young exogenous stem, showing twelve woody bundles or wedges.

Exogenous Stem

Diagram of a cross section of a very young exogenous stem, showing twelve woody bundles or wedges.

Diagram of a cross section of an exogenous stem, the wedges filling the space, separated only by the thin lines, or medullary rays, running from pith to bark.

Exogenous Stem

Diagram of a cross section of an exogenous stem, the wedges filling the space, separated only by the…

Surface of a young Maple wood from which the bark has been torn away, showing the bark (on the left) to beginning of pith (on the right), and a medullary ray extending from one to the other.

Maple

Surface of a young Maple wood from which the bark has been torn away, showing the bark (on the left)…

Small portion of epidermis of the lower face of a White-Lily leaf, with stomata, in the closed state.

White-Lily

Small portion of epidermis of the lower face of a White-Lily leaf, with stomata, in the closed state.

Small portion of epidermis of the lower face of a White-Lily leaf, with stomata open.

White-Lily

Small portion of epidermis of the lower face of a White-Lily leaf, with stomata open.

Horsetail, view of under side of the shield-shaped body, bearing a circle of spore-cases.

Horsetail

Horsetail, view of under side of the shield-shaped body, bearing a circle of spore-cases.

Horsetail, view spore-case from the under side of the shield-shaped body.

Horsetail

Horsetail, view spore-case from the under side of the shield-shaped body.

Horsetail, view of a spore with the attached arms moistened.

Horsetail

Horsetail, view of a spore with the attached arms moistened.

Horsetail, view of a spore with the attached arms dry.

Horsetail

Horsetail, view of a spore with the attached arms dry.

A spore-case from the Walking-Fern, Camptosorus, just bursting by the partial straightening of the incomplete ring.

Walking-Fern

A spore-case from the Walking-Fern, Camptosorus, just bursting by the partial straightening of the incomplete…

Three spores from the Walking-Fern, Camptosorus.

Walking-Fern

Three spores from the Walking-Fern, Camptosorus.

One of the lobes of its fruit-bearing portion, bearing two rows of spore-cases.

Schizea Pusilla

One of the lobes of its fruit-bearing portion, bearing two rows of spore-cases.

Spore-case of the Schizea Pusilla, detached, opening lengthwise.

Schizea Pusilla

Spore-case of the Schizea Pusilla, detached, opening lengthwise.

Adder-Tongue, Ophioglossum: spore-cases in a kind of spike: <em>a</em>, a portion of the fruiting part , above natural size; showing two rows of the firm spore-cases, which open transversely into two selves.

Adder-Tongue

Adder-Tongue, Ophioglossum: spore-cases in a kind of spike: a, a portion of the fruiting part…

A young prothallus of a Maiden-hair and an older one with the first fern-leaf developed from near the notch.

Maiden-hair

A young prothallus of a Maiden-hair and an older one with the first fern-leaf developed from near the…

A young prothallus of a Maiden-hair, middle portion of the younger one, partly among the rootlets, the antheridia or fertilizing organs, and above, near the notch, three pistillidia to be fertilized.

Maiden-hair

A young prothallus of a Maiden-hair, middle portion of the younger one, partly among the rootlets, the…

Inside view of one of the bracts and spore-case.

Lycopodium Carolinianum

Inside view of one of the bracts and spore-case.

Open 4-valved spore-case of a Selaginella, and its four large spores (macrospores).

Selaginella

Open 4-valved spore-case of a Selaginella, and its four large spores (macrospores).

Macrospores of Selaginella

Selaginella

Macrospores of Selaginella

Macrospores of Selaginella, separated.

Selaginella

Macrospores of Selaginella, separated.

Plant of Isoetes

Isoetes

Plant of Isoetes

Base of a leaf and contained sporocarp filled with microspores cut across.

Isoetes

Base of a leaf and contained sporocarp filled with microspores cut across.

Base of a leaf and contained sporocarp filled with microspores cut lengthwise.

Isoetes

Base of a leaf and contained sporocarp filled with microspores cut lengthwise.

Section of a spore-case containing macrospores

Isoetes

Section of a spore-case containing macrospores

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana.

Azolla Caroliniana

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana.

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana, showing two kinds of sporocarp; the small ones contain microspores.

Azolla Caroliniana

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana, showing two kinds of sporocarp; the small ones contain microspores.

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana, showing a sporocarp; the small ones contain microspores.

Azolla Caroliniana

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana, showing a sporocarp; the small ones contain microspores.

A larger sporocarp of the Azolla Caroliniana, more magnified.

Azolla Caroliniana

A larger sporocarp of the Azolla Caroliniana, more magnified.

A larger sporocarp of the Azolla Caroliniana, more magnified and burst open, showing stalked spore-cases.

Azolla Caroliniana

A larger sporocarp of the Azolla Caroliniana, more magnified and burst open, showing stalked spore-cases.

Two sporoscopes of the Azolla Caroliniana; one of them bursting shows four contained macrospores between the two, three of these spores highly magnified.

Azolla Caroliniana

Two sporoscopes of the Azolla Caroliniana; one of them bursting shows four contained macrospores between…

Single plant of Physcomitrium pyriforme.

Physcomitrium

Single plant of Physcomitrium pyriforme.

Top of a leaf, cut across; it consists of a single layer of cells.

Leaf

Top of a leaf, cut across; it consists of a single layer of cells.

Mnium cuspidatum plant

Mnium

Mnium cuspidatum plant

Mnium cuspidatum's calyptra detached

Mnium

Mnium cuspidatum's calyptra detached

Mnium cuspidatum's spore-case, with top of stalk.

Mnium

Mnium cuspidatum's spore-case, with top of stalk.

Mnium cuspidatum's spore-case, with top of stalk, focusing on the lid and outside of the peristome.

Mnium

Mnium cuspidatum's spore-case, with top of stalk, focusing on the lid and outside of the peristome.

Mnium cuspidatum's part of a cellular ring which was under the lid, outside of the peristome.

Mnium

Mnium cuspidatum's part of a cellular ring which was under the lid, outside of the peristome.

Mnium cuspidatum, some of the outer and of the inner peristome (consisting of jointed teeth).

Mnium

Mnium cuspidatum, some of the outer and of the inner peristome (consisting of jointed teeth).

Antheridia and a pistillidium of the Mnium cuspidatum, at the end of a stem of same plant, the leaves torn away.

Mnium

Antheridia and a pistillidium of the Mnium cuspidatum, at the end of a stem of same plant, the leaves…

A bursting antheridium, and some of the accompanying jointed threads.

Mnium

A bursting antheridium, and some of the accompanying jointed threads.

Summit of an open spore-case of a Moss, which has a peristome of 16 pairs of teeth.

Moss

Summit of an open spore-case of a Moss, which has a peristome of 16 pairs of teeth.

The double peristome of a Hypnum.

Hypnum

The double peristome of a Hypnum.

Spore-case of a Physcomitrium Pyriforme.

Physcomitrium Pyriforme

Spore-case of a Physcomitrium Pyriforme.

Detached calyptra of a Physcomitrium Pyriforme.

Physcomitrium Pyriforme

Detached calyptra of a Physcomitrium Pyriforme.

Spore-case and detached lid of a Physcomitrium Pyriforme.

Physcomitrium Pyriforme

Spore-case and detached lid of a Physcomitrium Pyriforme.

One of the frondose Liverworts, Steetzia, otherwise like a Jungermannia; the spore-case not yet protruded from its sheath.

Liverworts

One of the frondose Liverworts, Steetzia, otherwise like a Jungermannia; the spore-case not yet protruded…

Plant of Riccia natans

Riccia

Plant of Riccia natans

Plant of Riccia natans

Riccia

Plant of Riccia natans

Section of a part of the front, showing two immersed spore-cases, and one emptied space.

Riccia

Section of a part of the front, showing two immersed spore-cases, and one emptied space.

Spore-case torn out, and spores; one figure of the spores united; the other of the four separated.

Riccia

Spore-case torn out, and spores; one figure of the spores united; the other of the four separated.

Branch of a Chara

Chara

Branch of a Chara

Outlines of a portion of the stem in section, showing the central cell and the outer or cortical cells.

Chara

Outlines of a portion of the stem in section, showing the central cell and the outer or cortical cells.