"Semi-diagrammatic cross section of a leaf showing by arrows how the water passes from the tracheal elements of a vein into the border parenchyma cells, and thence into the palisade and spongy parenchyma, from which it evaporates into the intercellular spaces and passes from the leaf through the stomata. a, upper epidermis; b, lower epidermis; c, palisade parenchyma; g, spongy parenchyma; d, border parenchyma; e, tracheal elements; and the stippled cells bellow e, the phloem cells." -Stevens, 1916

Leaf Water Flow

"Semi-diagrammatic cross section of a leaf showing by arrows how the water passes from the tracheal…

"Showing intercellular spaces: f, between the palisade cells; e, in a leaf; g, border parenchyma; h, tracheal elements of the vein." -Stevens, 1916

Intercellular Spaces of Leaf

"Showing intercellular spaces: f, between the palisade cells; e, in a leaf; g, border parenchyma; h,…

"Cross section of a portion of a leaf of Indian corn. a, upper and b, lower epidermis; c, c, palisade cells; n, border parenchyma containing starch within its chloroplasts; e, vascular bundle; d, d, stomata." -Stevens, 1916

Indian Corn Leaf Cells

"Cross section of a portion of a leaf of Indian corn. a, upper and b, lower epidermis; c, c, palisade…

"Diagram indicating the succession of the conducting tissues of a vein from the base toward the apex. a, border parenchyma; b, companion cells; c, sieve tubes; d, undivided mother cells of companion cells and sieve tubes; e, tracheal elements." -Stevens, 1916

Plant Vein

"Diagram indicating the succession of the conducting tissues of a vein from the base toward the apex.…

Two species of the spiderwort family: left, Virginia day flower (Commelina virginica); right, spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana).

Spiderworts

Two species of the spiderwort family: left, Virginia day flower (Commelina virginica); right, spiderwort…

Two species of the lily family (Liliaceae): left, carrion flower (Smilax herbacea); right, green brier (Smilax rotundifolia).

S. Herbacea and S. Rotundifolia

Two species of the lily family (Liliaceae): left, carrion flower (Smilax herbacea); right, green brier…

Some species of the lily family (Liliaceae): top, nodding trillium (Trillium cernuum); left, erect flower of Trillium recurvatum; right, dwarf white trillium (Trillium nivale).

Trillium Lilies

Some species of the lily family (Liliaceae): top, nodding trillium (Trillium cernuum); left, erect flower…

Of the lily family (Liliaceae), Melanthium virginicum.

M. Virginicum

Of the lily family (Liliaceae), Melanthium virginicum.

Of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), moccasin flower or Cypripedium acaule.

Moccasin Flower

Of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), moccasin flower or Cypripedium acaule.

Of the birthwort family (Aristolochiaceae), the Virginia snakeroot or Aristolochia serpentaria and the flower of the Dutchman's pipe or Aristolochia macrophylla.

Virginia Snakeroot

Of the birthwort family (Aristolochiaceae), the Virginia snakeroot or Aristolochia serpentaria and the…

Of the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae), the curled dock or Rumex crispus. Also shown are the winged seeds of the curled dock and the patience dock (Rumex Patientia).

Curled Dock

Of the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae), the curled dock or Rumex crispus. Also shown are the winged…

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the leather flower or Clematis Viorna.

Leather Flower

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the leather flower or Clematis Viorna.

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the pasque flower or Anemone patens var. Wolfgangiana.

Pasque Flower

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the pasque flower or Anemone patens var. Wolfgangiana.

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the Canadian Anemone or Anemone Canadensis.

Canadian Anemone

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the Canadian Anemone or Anemone Canadensis.

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae): top, wood anemone (Anemone quinquefolia); middle, rue anemone (Anemonella thalictrroides); bottom, liverwort (Hepatica triloba).

Wood Anemone, Rue Anemone, and Liverwort

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae): top, wood anemone (Anemone quinquefolia); middle, rue anemone…

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the leaf and flower (showing reflexed sepals) of the bulbous buttercup or Ranunculus bulbosus.

Bulbous Buttercup

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the leaf and flower (showing reflexed sepals) of the bulbous…

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the flower of the red baneberry or Actaea rubra.

Red Baneberry Flower

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the flower of the red baneberry or Actaea rubra.

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the flower of the white baneberry or Actaea alba.

White Baneberry

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the flower of the white baneberry or Actaea alba.

Of the pulse family (Leguminosae), the flower of the beach pea or Lathyrus maritimus.

Beach Pea Flower

Of the pulse family (Leguminosae), the flower of the beach pea or Lathyrus maritimus.

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the leaf and flower of the marsh mallow or Althaea officinalis.

Marsh Mallow

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the leaf and flower of the marsh mallow or Althaea officinalis.

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the flower of the swamp rose-mallow or Hibiscus Moscheutos.

Swamp Rose-Mallow

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the flower of the swamp rose-mallow or Hibiscus Moscheutos.

Of the rock-rose family (Cistaceae), the plant and flower of Hudsonia tomentosa.

H. Tomentosa

Of the rock-rose family (Cistaceae), the plant and flower of Hudsonia tomentosa.

A vase of flowers.

Flower Vase

A vase of flowers.

The blue flag or Iris versicolor is an iris with medicinal uses.

Blue Flag

The blue flag or Iris versicolor is an iris with medicinal uses.

The yellow lady's slipper or Cypripedium parviflorum is an orchid used for medicinal purposes.

Yellow Lady's Slipper

The yellow lady's slipper or Cypripedium parviflorum is an orchid used for medicinal purposes.

The spotted wintergreen or Chimaphila maculata is a perennial herb used for medicinal purposes.

Spotted Wintergreen

The spotted wintergreen or Chimaphila maculata is a perennial herb used for medicinal purposes.

The snakehead or Chelone glabra is an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes.

Snakehead

The snakehead or Chelone glabra is an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes.

The dog's bane or Apocynum androsemifolium is a flowering plant used for medicinal purposes.

Dog's Bane

The dog's bane or Apocynum androsemifolium is a flowering plant used for medicinal purposes.

The Indian Tobacco or Lobelia inflata is an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes.

Indian Tobacco

The Indian Tobacco or Lobelia inflata is an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes.

The butterfly weed or Asclepias tuberosa is a milkweed plant used for medicinal purposes.

Butterfly Weed

The butterfly weed or Asclepias tuberosa is a milkweed plant used for medicinal purposes.

The carnation pink or Dianthus caryophyllus.

Carnation Pink

The carnation pink or Dianthus caryophyllus.

The Chinese lily.

Chinese Lily

The Chinese lily.

The sexual system of a plant, here having five stamens and one pistil, Pentandria.

Linnaeus' Pentandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having five stamens and one pistil, Pentandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having six stamens and one pistil, Hexandria.

Linnaeus' Hexandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having six stamens and one pistil, Hexandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having seven stamens, Heptandria.

Linnaeus' Heptandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having seven stamens, Heptandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having eight stamens, Octandria.

Linnaeus' Octandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having eight stamens, Octandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having nine stamens, Enneandria.

Linnaeus' Enneandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having nine stamens, Enneandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having ten stamens and a carpel, Decandria.

Linnaeus' Decandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having ten stamens and a carpel, Decandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having many stamens, Dodecandria.

Linnaeus' Dodecandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having many stamens, Dodecandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having twenty or more stamens, Icosandria.

Linnaeus' icosandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having twenty or more stamens, Icosandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having many stamens with a pistil in the center, Polyandria.

Linnaeus' Polyandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having many stamens with a pistil in the center, Polyandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having four stamens of unequal length, Didynamia.

Linnaeus' Didynamia

The sexual system of a plant, here having four stamens of unequal length, Didynamia.

The sexual system of a plant, here having six stamens (four longer), Tetradinamia.

Linnaeus' Tetradinamia

The sexual system of a plant, here having six stamens (four longer), Tetradinamia.

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens united in a tube, Monadelphia.

Linnaeus' Monadelphia

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens united in a tube, Monadelphia.

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens united in two bundles, Diadelphia.

Linnaeus' Diadelphia

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens united in two bundles, Diadelphia.

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens united in three or more bundles, Polyadelphia.

Linnaeus' Polyadelphia

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens united in three or more bundles, Polyadelphia.

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens united by anthers, Syngenesia.

Linnaeus' Syngenesia

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens united by anthers, Syngenesia.

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens united with the pistil, Gynandria.

Linnaeus' Gynandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens united with the pistil, Gynandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens and pistils in two different flowers of the same plant, Monoecia.

Linnaeus' Monoecia

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens and pistils in two different flowers of the same plant,…

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens and pistils on two different plants, Dioecia.

Linnaeus' Dioecia

The sexual system of a plant, here having stamens and pistils on two different plants, Dioecia.

The sexual system of a plant, here having both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant, Polygamia.

Linnaeus' Polygamia

The sexual system of a plant, here having both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant,…

The sexual system of a plant, here having hidden reproductive organs, Cryptogamia.

Linnaeus' Cryptogamia

The sexual system of a plant, here having hidden reproductive organs, Cryptogamia.

A flower spike.

Flower Spike

A flower spike.

"Tube nectary of Nasturtium." -Newman, 1850

Nasturtium

"Tube nectary of Nasturtium." -Newman, 1850

The sabiate of a flower.

Sabiate

The sabiate of a flower.

The lyme of a flower.

Lyme

The lyme of a flower.

The head of a flower.

Head

The head of a flower.

The perianth of a flower.

Perianth

The perianth of a flower.

The narcissus of a flower.

Narcissus

The narcissus of a flower.

The whorl of a flower.

Whorl

The whorl of a flower.