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The psychrometer (showing wet and dry bulb thermometers) is an instrument used for determining the humidity by the temperature of evaporation.

Psychrometer

The psychrometer (showing wet and dry bulb thermometers) is an instrument used for determining the humidity…

This apparatus is used to prove Boyle's Law which describes the relationship between the product pressure and volume within a closed system as constant when temperature remains at a fixed measure; both entities remain inversely proportional.

Proof of Boyle's Law for Expanding Air

This apparatus is used to prove Boyle's Law which describes the relationship between the product pressure…

An view of Hot Springs, Arkansas which is nestled in a valley between two mountains. Hot Springs is traditionally known for the natural spring water that gives it its name, flowing out of the ground at a temperature of 147 degrees Fahrenheit. Also is the home town of former President Bill Clinton.

Hot Springs, Arkanasas

An view of Hot Springs, Arkansas which is nestled in a valley between two mountains. Hot Springs is…

The Lackey moth, Malacosoma neustria, is a member of the genus Malacosoma, common across southern Britain and central Europe. Malacosoma species are notable for their caterpillars which are brightly coloured and form silken tents to regulate their temperature. Malacosoma neustria caterpillars are brown with blue, orange and white stripes. The adults are a fairly uniform brown. The larvae feed mainly on trees and shrubs from within their tents. In Britain the flight period is from July to August.

Lackey Moth

The Lackey moth, Malacosoma neustria, is a member of the genus Malacosoma, common across southern Britain…

"Ruedorf's sand-bath, a simple form of sand-bath in which the temperature can be regulated by raising or lowering an S-shaped burner." -Whitney, 1911

Ruedorf's Sand Bath

"Ruedorf's sand-bath, a simple form of sand-bath in which the temperature can be regulated by raising…

Goethite is a mineral composed of an iron hydrate crystallizing in soil and other low temperature environments.

Goethite

Goethite is a mineral composed of an iron hydrate crystallizing in soil and other low temperature environments.

An illustration of the exterior of the Bessemer converter. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. The process is named after its inventor, Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1855. The process was independently discovered in 1851 by William Kelly. The process had also been used outside of Europe for hundreds of years, but not on an industrial scale. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.

Bessemer Converter (Exterior)

An illustration of the exterior of the Bessemer converter. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive…

An illustration of the interior of the Bessemer converter. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. The process is named after its inventor, Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1855. The process was independently discovered in 1851 by William Kelly. The process had also been used outside of Europe for hundreds of years, but not on an industrial scale. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.

Bessemer Converter (Interior)

An illustration of the interior of the Bessemer converter. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive…

An illustration of Clamond's thermal battery; a thermal battery refers to the the electrolyte being solid and inactive at a normal ambient temperature and liquid and active at high temperatures.

Thermal Battery

An illustration of Clamond's thermal battery; a thermal battery refers to the the electrolyte being…

"An automatic device employed with low-pressure steam-heating furnaces to maintain a uniform temperature." -Whitney, 1911

Fire Regulator

"An automatic device employed with low-pressure steam-heating furnaces to maintain a uniform temperature."…

"If a pair of concave mirrors be set facing each other, as shown in figure 7, and a source of heat be placed in the focus of one, a thermometer in the focus of the other will quickly show a rise in temperature though the mirrors are many feet apart." Louis Derr, 1911

A Pair of Concave Mirrors Set Facing Each Other

"If a pair of concave mirrors be set facing each other, as shown in figure 7, and a source of heat be…

A slow cooker is a countertop steam cooking appliance that maintains a relatively low temperature compared to other cooking methods, for hours. This allows unattended cooking of pot roast, stew and other dishes.

Steam Feed Cooker and Evaporator

A slow cooker is a countertop steam cooking appliance that maintains a relatively low temperature compared…

Ironing is the work of using a heated tool to remove wrinkles from fabric. The heating is commonly done to a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius. Ironing works by loosening the bonds between the long chain polymer molecules.

Sad Iron

Ironing is the work of using a heated tool to remove wrinkles from fabric. The heating is commonly done…

The hot air pumping engine is a technology that uses high amplitude sound waves in a pressurized gas to pump heat from one place to another, or uses a heat temperature difference to induce sound which can be converted to electricity with high efficiency.

Hot Air Pumping Engine

The hot air pumping engine is a technology that uses high amplitude sound waves in a pressurized gas…

Water heating is a thermodynamic process using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. Typical domestic uses of hot water are for cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. In industry, both hot water and water heated to steam have many uses.

Hot Water Heater

Water heating is a thermodynamic process using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature.…

Ironing is the work of using a heated tool, or tools, (an iron) to remove wrinkles from fabric. The heating is commonly done to a temperature of 100° Celsius. Ironing works by loosening the bonds between the long-chain polymer molecules in the fibers of the material. While the molecules are hot, the fibers are straightened by the weight of the iron, and they hold their new shape as they cool. Some fabrics, such as cotton, require the addition of water to loosen the intermolecular bonds. Many modern fabrics are advertised as needing little or no ironing. Permanent press clothing was developed to reduce the ironing necessary by combining wrinkle-resistant polyester with cotton.

Wrinkle Free Sad Iron

Ironing is the work of using a heated tool, or tools, (an iron) to remove wrinkles from fabric. The…

Pressure cooking is a method of cooking in a sealed vessel that does not permit air or liquids to escape below a preset pressure. Because the boiling point of water increases as the pressure increases, the pressure built up inside the cooker allows the liquid in the pot to rise to a higher temperature before boiling.

Steam and Water Cooker

Pressure cooking is a method of cooking in a sealed vessel that does not permit air or liquids to escape…

Infant incubators are used to provide a warm environment for babies born prematurely or for other infants who are unable to maintain a normal body temperature. The infant incubator is a relatively small, glass-walled box that may have portholes fitted with long rubber gloves through which nurses can handle and care for the infant.

General Use Incubator

Infant incubators are used to provide a warm environment for babies born prematurely or for other infants…

Water heating is a thermodynamic process using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. Typical domestic uses of hot water are for cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. In industry, both hot water and water heated to steam have many uses.

Rotary Water Heater

Water heating is a thermodynamic process using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature.…

A Marvin Hargrave weather kite with meteorograph attached. The meteorograph is an instrument that measures the pressure and temperature of the atmosphere when in flight.

Marvin Hargrave Meteorology Kite with Meteorgraph Attached

A Marvin Hargrave weather kite with meteorograph attached. The meteorograph is an instrument that measures…

An illustration of meteorograph device attached directly to the weather kite to record pressure, temperature, humidity and wind velocity. The apparatus is enclosed in an aluminum case, weighing 2 pounds.

Marvin Kite Meteorograph Machine

An illustration of meteorograph device attached directly to the weather kite to record pressure, temperature,…

This ice chest is used in the storage of ice in order to maintain a cool temperature for drinks and other liquids

Ice Chest for Liquid Dispensing Apparatus

This ice chest is used in the storage of ice in order to maintain a cool temperature for drinks and…

This motor vehicle engine, is an internal combustion engine in which high temperature and pressure gases produce a combustion which directly applies force t a moveable component of the engine.

Motor Vehicle Engine

This motor vehicle engine, is an internal combustion engine in which high temperature and pressure gases…

This water heater is an appliance which uses thermodynamics to heat water above its initial temperature.

Water Heater

This water heater is an appliance which uses thermodynamics to heat water above its initial temperature.

An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, can be controlled, often used for growing bacterial cultures, hatching eggs artificially, or providing suitable conditions for a chemical or biological reaction.

Medical Incubator

An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, can be controlled,…

Any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc.

Feed Regulator

Any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature,…

Device used to heat the water in an aquarium. Heaters vary in size and style including drop-in types and submersible sump types. They feature an adjustable thermostat to maintain the water at a constant temperature.

Tank Heater

Device used to heat the water in an aquarium. Heaters vary in size and style including drop-in types…

Device which radiates heat, ideally used to raise temperature by means of electrical power.

Electric Heater

Device which radiates heat, ideally used to raise temperature by means of electrical power.

An appliance for heating water above its ambient temperature, generally for domestic use

Water Heater

An appliance for heating water above its ambient temperature, generally for domestic use

The work of using a heated tool, or iron to remove wrinkles from fabric. Heating is commonly done to a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius. Ironing works by loosening the bonds between the long-chain polymer molecules in the fibers of the material.

Sad Iron

The work of using a heated tool, or iron to remove wrinkles from fabric. Heating is commonly done to…

A machine for making ice artificially, as by the production of a low temperature through the sudden expansion of a gas or vapor, or the rapid evaporation of a volatile liquid.

Ice Machine

A machine for making ice artificially, as by the production of a low temperature through the sudden…

Straw screens are excellent movable coverings. The straw screens preserve an equable temperature.

Straw Screen for Covering Mushroom Bed

Straw screens are excellent movable coverings. The straw screens preserve an equable temperature.

Illustrated are mushrooms growing in a cellar. Mushrooms can be grown in cellars that permit the regulation of moisture and temperature.

Mushrooms in Cellar

Illustrated are mushrooms growing in a cellar. Mushrooms can be grown in cellars that permit the regulation…

Isothermal expansion is a change in a system with a constant temperature. This occurs when: A. Said system is in contact with an outside heat source and B. The change in temperature is slow enough so that the reservoir can adjust through heat exchange.

Isothermal Expansion

Isothermal expansion is a change in a system with a constant temperature. This occurs when: A. Said…

A kuo basket is placed above a furnace to be hand-stirred by a worker in order to regulate the leaf temperature. Two other workers stoke the flames.

Tea Leaf Treatment

A kuo basket is placed above a furnace to be hand-stirred by a worker in order to regulate the leaf…

Pouring mercury from one container into another. Mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure.

Pouring Mercury

Pouring mercury from one container into another. Mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid…