A woodland salamander with a rusty red back from head to tail.

Red Back Salamander

A woodland salamander with a rusty red back from head to tail.

A black salamander with yellow spots on its back.

Spotted Salamander

A black salamander with yellow spots on its back.

A wader bird native to warm and hot climates. Commonly 15 to 18 inches tall and has a chestnut color on its head.

Avocet

A wader bird native to warm and hot climates. Commonly 15 to 18 inches tall and has a chestnut color…

The bone of the middle line of the back.

Backbone

The bone of the middle line of the back.

A reinforceing cloth used to support a fabric which is being printed.

Back Cloth

A reinforceing cloth used to support a fabric which is being printed.

A valve used to keep the backwards pressure in a steam piston engine.

Back Pressure Valve

A valve used to keep the backwards pressure in a steam piston engine.

A valve used to keep the backwards pressure in a steam piston engine.

Back Pressure Valve

A valve used to keep the backwards pressure in a steam piston engine.

"The mouth, nose and pharynx, with the commencement of the gullet and larynx, as exposed by a section, a little to the left of the median plane of the head. a, vertebral column; b, gullet; c, wind-pipe; d, larynx; e, epiglottis; f, soft palate; g, opning of eustachian tube; k, tongue; l, hard palate; m, the sphenoid bone on the base of the skull; n, the fore part of the cranial cavity; o, p, q, the turbinate bones of the outer side of the left nostril-chamber." —Martin, 1917

Mouth

"The mouth, nose and pharynx, with the commencement of the gullet and larynx, as exposed by a section,…

"Diagrammatic vertical section of the head and proboscis of a mosquito. l, labium bent as when the other parts pierce the skin; p, pumping organ; o, hypopharynx through which is a channel for the exit of the secretion of the poison and salivary glands pn and s; d, exit for poison and saliva; m, maxilla; ma, mandible; la, labrum below which is the channel conducting the food from the inlet at n; st, stomach." —Davison, 1906

Proboscis

"Diagrammatic vertical section of the head and proboscis of a mosquito. l, labium bent as when the other…

The head of a dog.

Dog

The head of a dog.

"Chelys, from a vase in the British Museum, where also are fragments of such an instrument, the back of which is of shell." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Chelys

"Chelys, from a vase in the British Museum, where also are fragments of such an instrument, the back…

"A self-acting screw-cutting lathe with double-geared headstock, of a type now well established, the arrangements for obtaining and varying this traversing motion may be observed. A steel leading screw runs along the front of the lathe bed, and with it the slide rest can be connected at pleasure. Two or more change wheels, properly proportioned as to the number of their teeth, connect the head of the screw with the hinder end of the mandrel." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Screw-Cutting

"A self-acting screw-cutting lathe with double-geared headstock, of a type now well established, the…

The human skull.

Skull

The human skull.

The lower extremity of the human body. 1: Head of femur; 2: Femur; 3: Patella; 4: Tibia; 5: Fibula; 6: Tarsus; 7: Metatarsus; 8: Phalanges.

Lower Extremity

The lower extremity of the human body. 1: Head of femur; 2: Femur; 3: Patella; 4: Tibia; 5: Fibula;…

"Head of Molossus glaucinus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Molossus Glaucinus

"Head of Molossus glaucinus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Pteropus personatus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Pteropus Personatus

"Head of Pteropus personatus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Harpyia Major." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Harpyia Major

"Head of Harpyia Major." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Scotophilus Emarginatus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Scotophilus Emarginatus

"Head of Scotophilus Emarginatus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Natalus Unicropus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Natalus Unicropus

"Head of Natalus Unicropus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Rhinolophus Mitratus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Rhinolophus Mitratus

"Head of Rhinolophus Mitratus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Phyllorhina Calcarata." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Phyllorhina Calcarata

"Head of Phyllorhina Calcarata." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Triaenops Persicus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Triaenops Persicus

"Head of Triaenops Persicus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Molossus Glaucinus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Molossus Glaucinus

"Head of Molossus Glaucinus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Nyctinomus Mascrotis." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Nyctinomus Mascrotis

"Head of Nyctinomus Mascrotis." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Mormops Blainrillii." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Mormops Blainrillii

"Head of Mormops Blainrillii." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Phyllostoma Elongatum." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Phyllostoma Elongatum

"Head of Phyllostoma Elongatum." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Chaeronycteris Mexicana, showing fibrillated tongue." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Chaeronycteris Mexicana

"Head of Chaeronycteris Mexicana, showing fibrillated tongue." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of Centurio Senex." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Centurio Senex

"Head of Centurio Senex." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"This very extraordinary species from north-east Africa differs from all other rodents in the peculiar granulated plated which cover the temporal fossae, and from all the species of the section in the rudimentary condition of the clavicles as well as in the possession of an opposable hallux. The hair is very peculiar in structure, and forms a crest along the back and tail." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Lophiomys Imhausi

"This very extraordinary species from north-east Africa differs from all other rodents in the peculiar…

"Head of deer (Cervus schomburgkii), showing antlers." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Deer Head

"Head of deer (Cervus schomburgkii), showing antlers." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Head of antelope (Gazella granti), showing horns." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Antelope Head

"Head of antelope (Gazella granti), showing horns." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Front view of head of American Manatee, showing the eyes, nostrils, and mouth with the lobes of the upper lip divaricated." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Manatee Face

"Front view of head of American Manatee, showing the eyes, nostrils, and mouth with the lobes of the…

"Front view of head of American Manatee, showing the eyes, nostrils, and mouth with the lip contracted." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Manatee Face

"Front view of head of American Manatee, showing the eyes, nostrils, and mouth with the lip contracted."…

"The original Merz micrometer of the Cape Observatory, made on Fraunhofer's model. S is the head of the micrometer screw proper, s that of the screw moving the slide to which the so-called "fixed web" is attached, s' that of a screw which moves the eye-piece E. C is the clamp and M the slow motion in position angle, L, L are tubes attached to a larger tube N; the latter fits loosely on a strong hollow cylinder which terminates in the screw V. By this screw the whole apparatus is attached to the telescope." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Micrometer

"The original Merz micrometer of the Cape Observatory, made on Fraunhofer's model. S is the head of…

"No part of the equatorial mounting is shown in the figure, as it resembles every respect that usual Fraunhofer mounting. An adapted h is fixed on a telescope-tube, made of wood, in Fraunhofer's usual fashion. To this adapter is attached a flat circular flange h. The slides carrying the segments of the divided object-glass are mounted on a plate, which is fitted and ground to rotate smoothly on the flange h. Rotation is communicated by a pinion, turned by the handle c, which works in teeth cut on the edge of the flange h. The counterpoise w balances the head about its axis of rotation. The slides are moved by the screws a and b the divided heads of which serve to measure the separation of the segments. These screws are turned from the eye-end by bevelled wheels and pinions, the latter connected with the handles a', b'." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Heliometer

"No part of the equatorial mounting is shown in the figure, as it resembles every respect that usual…

"The circles for position angle and declination are read by micrometer microscopes illuminated by the lamp L; the scales are illuminated by the lamp l. T is part of the tube proper and turns with the head. The tube V, on the contrary, is attached to the cradle, and merely forms a support for the finder Q, the handles at f and p, and the moving ring P. The latter gives quick motion in position angle; the handles a p clamp and give slow motion in position angle, those at f clamp and give slow motion in right ascension and declination." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Micrometer

"The circles for position angle and declination are read by micrometer microscopes illuminated by the…

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

The Gorgon's Head

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

The Gorgon's Head

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

The Gorgon's Head

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

The Gorgon's Head

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

The Gorgon's Head

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

The Gorgon's Head

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

The Gorgon's Head

A scene from the story "The Gorgon's Head."

A triangular sail made of light canvas, used only in light winds and on yachts, set between the foretop mast head and the end of the jib boom.

Balloon Jib

A triangular sail made of light canvas, used only in light winds and on yachts, set between the foretop…

The perspective shown in this plate is parallel perspective; and the subject here intended to be represented is a flat and perfectly square surface, such as the floor of a room, a chess board, or any other such object.  1) The front edge of the given square; 2) One side of it receding to the vanishing point, which also is the point of sight; 3) The other side receding to the same point; 4) A line taken from one corner of the front edge, to the point of measuremen on the opposite side, and giving the perspective width or depth of the square at the intersection of the line 3; 5) A line drawn at the above intersection, and parallel to the front edge; this will give the back of the square. The lines 1, 2, 3, and 5 may then be strongly marked, and the figure will be thus completed. 6) This line is taken from the corner of the front edge to the opposite point of the measurement, showing how exactly either this line, o that marked 4, will give the perspective width of the square. It serves also to find the centre.

Parallel Perspective

The perspective shown in this plate is parallel perspective; and the subject here intended to be represented…

The perspective in this plate is "angular perspective," and the figure it represents is a flat square surface; its dimensions are supposed to be either twenty feet or twenty inches. 1) Two lines drawn from the nearest corner of theboard, to the horizontal line, and at a distance from each other equal to the thickness of the board; this fixes the vanishing point at 1. 2) A line drawn from the above vanishing point to the point of station. 3) A line taken at right angles to 2, from the point of station, and fixing on the horizontal line the position of the vanishing point 3. 4) Two lines drawn from the nearest corner of the board to the vanishing point 3, similarly to the previously drawn lines 1. 5) One point of measurement, obtained in the usual way, by the distance of 3 from the point of station. 6) The point of measurement. 7) The line of the geometrical scale, being a line drawn across the base of the nearest corner, and marked according to scale, twenty feet or twenty inches. 8,8) Lines taken from either end of the geometrical scale towards the point of measurement, but extending no farther than where they meet the lines 1,1, and 4,4. 9,10) Small perpendicular lines drawn at the above intersections, by which the width of the board is ascertained. 11) The side of the board opposite and really parallel to that marked 4, and therefore tending to the same vanishing point. 12) The back of the board, opposite and parallel to the front marked 1, and consequently tending to the same vanishing point. The lines 1,1; 4,4; 11 and 12, being strongly marked, the figure will be completed.

Angular Perspective

The perspective in this plate is "angular perspective," and the figure it represents is a flat square…

Two upright oblong figures are here represented in parallel perspective. They may be imagined to resemble the sides and fronts of houses, or their blank walls. One of the figures has two others attached to it of equal dimensions; and these additions might be similarly multiplied to any extent, by the numbers, 7, 8, 9 and 10, in the followig rules. 1) Lines forming to complete fronts of two separate and detached oblongs. 2) The geometrical scale at the base, marked twenty feet. 3) The ground lines of the fronts running to the vanishing point. 4) The top lines tending to vanishing point. 5) Lines from the geometrical scale, to the points of measurement, determining the perspective depths of the oblongs. 6) Perpendicular lines raised at the intersection of the lines 3 and 5, and giving the farthest upright corner lines of the oblongs. The two figures will thus be completed. The remaining lines inserted in the figure are intended to give two other oblongs (or rather their retiring sides) attached to the first, and supposed to be of the same dimensions. They are determined first by finding the centre 7 of the near corner line 1. From 7 a line is drawn to the vanishing point. A line marked 8 is then drawn from the near extremity of 1 through 6, where it is cut by 7; at its intersection with the bottom line 3, the perpendicular line 9 is raised, and another oblong front is completed. A line 10 is drawn, and determined as the line 8 was, from the top of 6, and by crossing the lines 7 and 3. The lines 13, 14, and 15, are inserted merely to show the inner side and back of the other oblong, as they would be seen were the object made of glass. Thus 13,13 are lines for the top and bottom of the back; formed by drawing them to the vanishing point; 14,14 are the top and bottom lines of the farthest side, found by straight lines being drawn from both ends of , until they meet 13,13; at which point of meeting the upright corner of the oblong are completed.

Parallel Perspective

Two upright oblong figures are here represented in parallel perspective. They may be imagined to resemble…

"A landscape is supposed to be viewed from the spot marked E; and that the spectator is desirous of representing on the plane of his paper a certain portion of the scene as seen by him fom this point. That portion constitutes his real picture. The distance of this picture,- or distance of the eye from the plane of the picture (which is the same thing), -means the distance intervening between the spectator's position, and that point on the ground directly in front of him, where the picture, which he is about to make, ought properly to commence. Upon the choice of a proper and judicious distance the beauty of his work will in a great measure depend. Suppose the landscape to be viewed from the point E, then that portion of the scene which the eye can easily take in, without moving the head, and without the slightest strain upon the optic nerve, will constitute the picture from that point. Now, under this condition the spectator will find that he does not distinctly see the ground immediately before him, but that he obtains a perfectly easy view of it only at some distance from his position at E. It is the space included between the point E (where he is placed), and the supposed point alluded to, and here marked S, that establishes the required distance of the picture, that is, the distance of the eye from the proposed picture. For instance, let S be that point on the ground immediately in front of the eye, and if through S a straight line be supposed to be drawn, perpendicular to the distance ES, this line will pass through and determine the foremost objects of the proposed picture, and therefore at this line the picture must commence."

Distance

"A landscape is supposed to be viewed from the spot marked E; and that the spectator is desirous of…

A side-view of the skull.

Skull

A side-view of the skull.

A front-view of the skull.

Skull

A front-view of the skull.

Muscles of the neck, head, and face.

Upper Muscles

Muscles of the neck, head, and face.

Muscles of the neck, head, and face.

Upper Muscles

Muscles of the neck, head, and face.

Muscles of the back.

Back Muscles

Muscles of the back.

Front view of head of bee. <em>a</em>antenna; <em>e</em>, compound eye; the three black dots are the simple eyes.

Bee Head

Front view of head of bee. aantenna; e, compound eye; the three black dots are the…

Head of Wasp to show regions: <em>a</em>, compound eyes; <em>b</em>, clypeus; <em>c</em>, labrum; <em>d</em>, mandibles; <em>e</em>, ocelli; <em>f</em>, place where antennae are inserted.

Head of Wasp

Head of Wasp to show regions: a, compound eyes; b, clypeus; c, labrum; d,…

Cutting back or shearing the plants.

Shearing

Cutting back or shearing the plants.

The skin split along the back and the adult emerging.

Molting of a Grasshopper

The skin split along the back and the adult emerging.

A casing-in machine. <em>a</em>, cases; <em>b</em>, side of case-hopper; <em>c</em>, paste box; <em>d</em>, head clamp rod; <em>e</em>, head clamp.

Casing

A casing-in machine. a, cases; b, side of case-hopper; c, paste box; d,…

Back view of the medulla, pons and mesencephalon of a full-time human foetus

Brain

Back view of the medulla, pons and mesencephalon of a full-time human foetus

They are rather undersized, chunky flies, dark in color, with the thorax well developed and somewhat produced forward so as to partially conceal the small head from above.

Buffalo Gnat

They are rather undersized, chunky flies, dark in color, with the thorax well developed and somewhat…