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"Battle of Carrick's Ford, between the troops of General McClellan's command, under General Morris, and the Confederates under General Garnett, July 13th, 1861. After a long march through drenching rain, the Federal troops under General Morris reached Carrick's Ford, where they found the Confederates holding the cliff on the opposite bank of the river. Both sides began a heavy firing. Then the Seventh Indiana Regiment plunged into the river and scaled the cliff on the right of the enemy, while the others kept up the fight in front. As soon as the flanking party reached the top of the cliff the Confederates retreated, and were pursued for about two miles."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Carrick's Ford

"Battle of Carrick's Ford, between the troops of General McClellan's command, under General Morris,…

"General Marion in camp, during the American Revolution."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Marion in Camp

"General Marion in camp, during the American Revolution."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Burgoyne's encampment on the West Bank of the Hudson, September 20, 1777.

Burgoyne's Encampment

Burgoyne's encampment on the West Bank of the Hudson, September 20, 1777.

A group of Grallatores, an order with characteristically long legs, well suited for wading in shallow water in search of food.

Grallatores

A group of Grallatores, an order with characteristically long legs, well suited for wading in shallow…

A group of birds of the order natatores, whose webbed feet are well adapted for propelling them on and below the water in search of food.

Natatores

A group of birds of the order natatores, whose webbed feet are well adapted for propelling them on and…

A group of water-fowl at a bank, with a fountain and pond visible in the background.

Group of Water Fowl

A group of water-fowl at a bank, with a fountain and pond visible in the background.

Also called the broad-bill and spoon-bill, the shoveler is commonly found on lakes and rivers, where it forages for worms and other food on the muddy banks.

Shoveler

Also called the broad-bill and spoon-bill, the shoveler is commonly found on lakes and rivers, where…

Part of Niagra Suspension Bridge. This view, looking up from the river, comprises about one half the bridge, a portion of the bank on the Canada side on the right, the American shore on the left, and a part of the Falls, seen under the bridge, in the extreme distance.

Niagra Bridge

Part of Niagra Suspension Bridge. This view, looking up from the river, comprises about one half the…

Mrs. Mathews' house. This sketch was made from the left bank of the Rahway, at the site of the old bridge. This is now the rear of the house, but, at the time of the battle, the road was upon this side of it, which formed the front. Remains of the abutments of the old bridge, where the British crossed, may still be seen.

Mrs. Mathews' house

Mrs. Mathews' house. This sketch was made from the left bank of the Rahway, at the site of the old bridge.…

Liberty Hall. Some time after the death of Governor Livingston this property was purchased by Lord Blingbroke, who, under the assumed name of John Belesis, ran away from England with a daughter of Baron Hompasch, a German general. She was at a boarding school there, and Bolingbroke had a wife living. He married the girl here. She died in England in 1848. The grandmother of the present proprietor, Susan, the daughter of Peter Van Burgh Livingston, bought the farm of Lord Bolingbroke, and it has been in possession of the family ever since. Her first husband was John Kean, a member of Congress from South Carolina from 1785 to 1787, and was first cashier of the first United States Bank, chartered by an act of Congress passed February 8th, 1791. Her second husband was Count Niemcewicz, a Polish nobleman.

Liberty Hall

Liberty Hall. Some time after the death of Governor Livingston this property was purchased by Lord Blingbroke,…

Site of Wintermoot's Fort. This view is from the ancient bed of the Susquehanna, looking west. The building, formerly the property of Colonel Jenkins, and now owned by Mr. David Goodwin, is upon the site of old Fort Wintermoot, which was destroyed at the time of the invasion in 1778. It is upon the ancient bank of the river, here from fifteen to twenty feeth high, and about sixty rods from the stream in its present channel.

Wintermoot's Fort

Site of Wintermoot's Fort. This view is from the ancient bed of the Susquehanna, looking west. The building,…

The Susquehanna at Monocasy Island. This view is from the left of eastern bank of the Susquehanna, opposite the center of Monocasy Island, looking up the river. Toward the foreground, on the right of the picture, a little beyond the bar-post, is seen a ravine, through which the fugitives who crossed the river in safety made their way. On the left are seen the upper end of Monocasy, and a sand-bar which divides the waters of the river. The distant hills on the left are those which bound the western side of the valley. From the head of Monocasy Island, across the sand-bar, the river is often fordable in summer to the eastern side.

Monocasy Island

The Susquehanna at Monocasy Island. This view is from the left of eastern bank of the Susquehanna, opposite…

Queen Esther's Rock. This view is near the ancient river bank, looking westward. The rock is a sort of conglomerate, a large proportion of which is quartz. Some of it is of a reddish color, which the credulous believe to be stains of blood still remaining. The rock projects only about eighteen inches off the ground, and its size is denoted by the figure standing beside it. In the distance, on the left, is seen the monument which has been erected to the memory of those who fell on the occasion. This scene includes a portion of the battle-ground. The little village of Troy also occupies a part of the field of conflict.

Queen Esther's Rock

Queen Esther's Rock. This view is near the ancient river bank, looking westward. The rock is a sort…

Van Schaick's Mill. This view is taken from the left bank of the Walloomscoick, a little below the bridge. The mill belonged to a Whig named Van Schaick, who had joined General Stark's collecting forces at Bennington.

Van Schaick's Mill

Van Schaick's Mill. This view is taken from the left bank of the Walloomscoick, a little below the bridge.…

The Bennington battle-ground. This view is from the hill on the southwest bank of the Walloomscoick, a little west of the road from the bridge to Starkville, looking northeast. The road over this hill existed at the time of the battle. The river, which here makes a sudden bend, is seen at two points- near the cattle, and at the bridge, in the distance, on the right. The house on the left, near the bridge, is Mr. Barnet's, and the road that crosses the center of the picture from right to left is the road from Bennington to Van Schaick's or North Hoosick. It passes along the river flat, at the foot of the hills where the battle occurred. The highest point on the distant hills, covered with woods, is the place where the Hessians were intrenched. From that point, along the hills to the left, for about two miles, the conflict was carried on; and upon the slopes, now cultivated, musket-balls and other relics of the battle have been plowed up.

Bennington Battle-ground

The Bennington battle-ground. This view is from the hill on the southwest bank of the Walloomscoick,…

Head-quarters of Agnew and Erskine. This house is on the south bank of Still River, at the north end of the main street. It was built by Benjamind Knapp, in 1770, and was owned by him at the time of the invasion. His birth-place is also standing, on the north side of the river. They were among the few houses not burned. At the bridge seen on the right the British planted a cannon, and kept a strong guard there until their departure. This house is now (1848) owned by Noah Knapp.

Agnew and Erskine

Head-quarters of Agnew and Erskine. This house is on the south bank of Still River, at the north end…

"Landing-place of Roger Williams. This view is on the left bank of the Seekonk, looking south. The point on which the figure stands is the famous rock, composed of a mass of dark slate, and rising but little above the water at high tide. The high banks are seen beyond, and on the extreme left is India Point, with the rail-road bridge near the entrance of the river into Narraganset Bay."—Lossing, 1851

Williams landing-place

"Landing-place of Roger Williams. This view is on the left bank of the Seekonk, looking south. The point…

"Old Tavern in Providence. This view is from the market, looking north. The building stands on the east side of the square and parallel with its front commences North Main Street. In the yard on the right is venerable horse-chestnut tree, standing between the house and the Roger Williams' Bank. In former times, a balcony extended across the front. The door that opend upon it is still there, but the balcony is gone. The roof is completely overgrown with moss, and every appearance of age marks it."—Lossing, 1851

Providence Tavern

"Old Tavern in Providence. This view is from the market, looking north. The building stands on the east…

"Gaspee Point. This view is from the bank of the cove just below the Point, looking northeast, showing its appearance at low water when the clam-fishers are upon it. The buoy is seen beyond the extreme end of the Point on the right. The bank is about fifteen feet high. In front of Pawtuxet, about a mile above, are the remains of breast-works, thrown up during the war of 1812. There are also breast-works at Field's Point, two miles below Providence, where is a flag-staff. There is the quarantine ground."—Lossing, 1851

Gaspee Point

"Gaspee Point. This view is from the bank of the cove just below the Point, looking northeast, showing…

"The Land Salamanders, unlike the Tritons, are ovo-viparous, though the young at first inhabit the water and undergo metamorphoses till they arrive at the mature state which fits them for living on land, where they haunt cool and moist places, being not unfrequently found about fallen timber or old walls. Their food primarily consists of insects, worms, and small molluscous animals." — Goodrich, 1859

Salamanders

"The Land Salamanders, unlike the Tritons, are ovo-viparous, though the young at first inhabit the water…

"Is two to three feet long, including the tail. The flesh is tolerably food, common on European coasts" — Goodrich, 1859

Bordered Ray

"Is two to three feet long, including the tail. The flesh is tolerably food, common on European coasts"…

"Twelve to sixteen inches long; it feeds on curstaceous animals; spawns in May or June; it is esteemed for food, taken in deep water with a trawl-net, affords excellent amusement in fishing with hand-lines; common in European and American waters" — Goodrich, 1859

Red Gurnard

"Twelve to sixteen inches long; it feeds on curstaceous animals; spawns in May or June; it is esteemed…

"Is twelve to twenty-four inches long; found in the northern seas, south to the coast of Massachusetts; it is tolderable food; the spines are used in Greenland for needles." — Goodrich, 1859

Bergylt

"Is twelve to twenty-four inches long; found in the northern seas, south to the coast of Massachusetts;…

"Common in the Mediterranean, and occaisionally found on the shores of Northern Europe, it weighs from twenty to forty pounds, its flesh is in some estimation as food." — Goodrich, 1859

Dusky Serranus

"Common in the Mediterranean, and occaisionally found on the shores of Northern Europe, it weighs from…

"Weighs from two to six pounds; at some seasons it is abundant, and again it is scarce. It appears in the London markets throughout the year. It feeds at great depths, and is aided in its search for food by two long feeler depending from the lower jaw." — Goodrich, 1859

Striped Red Mullet

"Weighs from two to six pounds; at some seasons it is abundant, and again it is scarce. It appears in…

"It is five to six inches long, and found on the rocky coasts of Europe. It is not esteemed for food." — Goodrich, 1859

Black Goby

"It is five to six inches long, and found on the rocky coasts of Europe. It is not esteemed for food."…

"It is twelve to fifteen inches long, frequents rocky ground, feeds on aquatic insects, takes bait, but is not used for food." — Goodrich, 1859

Three-Bearded Rockling

"It is twelve to fifteen inches long, frequents rocky ground, feeds on aquatic insects, takes bait,…

"Trenton Bridge and vicinity. This view is from the north side of the Assanpink, a few rods above the bridge, looking south. The bridge, seen upon the right, is built of stone, and very strong, and is upon the site of the old one. The creek is curbed by a dam near the bridge, and forms the sheet of water seen in the picture. The old 'Stacey Mill' of the Revolution, the largest building in the sketch, was quite dilapidated from the effects of fire and flood, when I was there. The two old houses on the left of it are of stone, covered with stucco, and were there at the time in question. On the bank, between them and the house of Mr. Timothy Abbott, seen on the extreme left, was a building used as a tavern, in the Revolution. It was demolished a few years ago. Along the high bank, from the mill eastward to the rail-way, now covered with houses and gardens, and also westward, some distance toward the Delaware, the Americans were encamped. The bank was being terraced when I visited Trenton, and will, in time, be a beautiful spot."—Lossing, 1851

Trenton

"Trenton Bridge and vicinity. This view is from the north side of the Assanpink, a few rods above the…

"Bridge at Worth's Mill's. This substantial stone bridge, over Stony Brook, is upon the site of the wooden one destroyed on the 3d of January, 1777. The old mill on the left is now owned by Josiah S. Worth, a son of the propietor during the Revolution. This sketch was made from the road on the bank of the stream, along which Mercer and his detachment marched to secure the bridge."—Lossing, 1851

Worth's Mills

"Bridge at Worth's Mill's. This substantial stone bridge, over Stony Brook, is upon the site of the…

"Monument at Red Bank. This view includes the monument, a portion of the Delaware, and the mouth of the Schuylkill, on the western shore."—Lossing, 1851

Red Bank Monument

"Monument at Red Bank. This view includes the monument, a portion of the Delaware, and the mouth of…

"The Walnut Street Prison. This edifice was erected in 1774, and taken down in 1836. The beautiful new Athenaeum occupies a portion of the ground on Sixth Street, and the remainder is covered by elegant dwellings. It is a singular fact that the architect who constructed it was the first person incarcerated in it. He was a Whig, and, having incurred the displeasure of the British, he was locked up in that prison. The <em>Public Ledger</em> of June 26th, 1837, gives an account of an armorial drawing, representing, in bold relief, a cuirass, casque, gorget, and Roman battle-ax, with radiating spears, which was made upon an arch of one of the second story cells, by Marshall, an English engraver, who was confined there for many years for counterfeiting the notes of the United States Bank. He was the son of the notorious 'Bag and Hatchet Woman,' of St. Giles's, London, who followed the British army in its Continental campaigns, and gathered spoils from the slain and wounded on the field of battle. Those who were dead, were readily plundered, and the wounded as readily dispatched. This woman and son were master-spirits in the purlieus of St. Giles's, among robbers and counterfeiters. The gang were at length betrayed, and the parent and child fled to this country, bringing with them considerable wealth in money and jewels. They lived in splendid style in Philadelphia, riding in a gorgeous cream-colored phaeton, drawn by richly-caparisoned horses, driven tandem. Their means were soon exhausted, when the son married, and commenced business as an engraver. He counterfeited notes of the United States Bank, was detected, and in 1803 was sentenced to eighteen years' confinement and hard labor in the Walnut Street Prison, then the State Penitentiary. While he was in prison, his mother, who had wondered away from Philadelphia in poverty and destitution, was executed in another state for a foul murder and arson."—Lossing, 1851

Walnut Street Prison

"The Walnut Street Prison. This edifice was erected in 1774, and taken down in 1836. The beautiful new…

"View at Jefferis' Ford. This view is from the easterly bank of the Brandywine. The ford was at the mouth of the little creek seen issuing from the small bridge on the left. The Brandywine here is broad and shallow, with quite a rapid current."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Jefferis' Ford

"View at Jefferis' Ford. This view is from the easterly bank of the Brandywine. The ford was at the…

"View at Chad's Ford. This view is from the east bank of the Brandywine, looking southwest. The ford was about ten rods above the present bridge. Its place is indicated in the picture by the hollow in front of the tree on the extreme left. The wooded height seen on the opposite side of the river is the place where Knyphausen's artillery was planted."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Chad's Ford

"View at Chad's Ford. This view is from the east bank of the Brandywine, looking southwest. The ford…

"Is found in the lakes and rivers of some parts of Europe; in its habits and food it resembles the trout, and is fished for with artificial flies." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Graining

"Is found in the lakes and rivers of some parts of Europe; in its habits and food it resembles the trout,…

"Camp Zagonyi, encampment of Fremont's army on the prairie, near Wheatland, Mo., October 14th, 1861. This spot, where Fremont's army rested after their first day's march from Tipton, is on the vast prairies of Missouri, about fifteen miles from Tipton and two miles from Wheatland. The Grand Army of the West here pitched their tents on the afternoon of the 14th of October, 1861. A brilliant sunset fell over the whole, which looked more like a monster picnic than the advanced corps of an army bent on the destruction of traitorous brothers. The rapidity with which the evening's meal for a marching regiment is prepared has something of the marvelous in it. Appetite quickens practice, and the air is soon filled with the savory aromas of culinary processes. Then comes the hearty enjoyment of food which at another time would be passed by, but which now, under the appetizing provocative of hunger, is thankfully received. Not the least of a soldier's trials is the inroad a long march and privation makes upon that fastidiousness which plenty to eat engenders in the human diaphragm. The camp was called after the colonel of General Fremont's bodyguard, whose gallant achievements at Springfield on the 25th of October we have recorded." &mdash;Leslie, 1896

Camp Zagonyi

"Camp Zagonyi, encampment of Fremont's army on the prairie, near Wheatland, Mo., October 14th, 1861.…

"Camp Zagonyi, encampment of Fremont's army on the prairie, near Wheatland, Mo., October 14th, 1861. This spot, where Fremont's army rested after their first day's march from Tipton, is on the vast prairies of Missouri, about fifteen miles from Tipton and two miles from Wheatland. The Grand Army of the West here pitched their tents on the afternoon of the 14th of October, 1861. A brilliant sunset fell over the whole, which looked more like a monster picnic than the advanced corps of an army bent on the destruction of traitorous brothers. The rapidity with which the evening's meal for a marching regiment is prepared has something of the marvelous in it. Appetite quickens practice, and the air is soon filled with the savory aromas of culinary processes. Then comes the hearty enjoyment of food which at another time would be passed by, but which now, under the appetizing provocative of hunger, is thankfully received. Not the least of a soldier's trials is the inroad a long march and privation makes upon that fastidiousness which plenty to eat engenders in the human diaphragm. The camp was called after the colonel of General Fremont's bodyguard, whose gallant achievements at Springfield on the 25th of October we have recorded." &mdash;Leslie, 1896

Camp Zagonyi

"Camp Zagonyi, encampment of Fremont's army on the prairie, near Wheatland, Mo., October 14th, 1861.…

"Camp Zagonyi, encampment of Fremont's army on the prairie, near Wheatland, Mo., October 14th, 1861. This spot, where Fremont's army rested after their first day's march from Tipton, is on the vast prairies of Missouri, about fifteen miles from Tipton and two miles from Wheatland. The Grand Army of the West here pitched their tents on the afternoon of the 14th of October, 1861. A brilliant sunset fell over the whole, which looked more like a monster picnic than the advanced corps of an army bent on the destruction of traitorous brothers. The rapidity with which the evening's meal for a marching regiment is prepared has something of the marvelous in it. Appetite quickens practice, and the air is soon filled with the savory aromas of culinary processes. Then comes the hearty enjoyment of food which at another time would be passed by, but which now, under the appetizing provocative of hunger, is thankfully received. Not the least of a soldier's trials is the inroad a long march and privation makes upon that fastidiousness which plenty to eat engenders in the human diaphragm. The camp was called after the colonel of General Fremont's bodyguard, whose gallant achievements at Springfield on the 25th of October we have recorded." &mdash;Leslie, 1896

Camp Zagonyi

"Camp Zagonyi, encampment of Fremont's army on the prairie, near Wheatland, Mo., October 14th, 1861.…

"Battle of Stone River, Tenn. The decisive charge of General Negley's division across the river- the Confederates flying in confusion. We question if a more spirited sketch was ever published than our double-page engraving representing the final charge of General Negley's division, on the afternoon of Friday, January 2nd, 1863, at the battle of Murfreesborough, or Stone River. About four o'clock in the afternoon General Rosecrans, seeing that the critical moment had arrived, gave orders for General Negley to cross the river and drive the enemy from his position. This was done in a manner worthy of the most disciplined troops in the world. The Eighteenth Ohio Regiment dashed into the river, the Nineteenth Illinois and Twenty-first Ohio following close behind. Our artist reported: 'The scene was grand in the extreme. It was indeed a momentous battle on a miniature scale. Nothing could resist our gallant men; on they rushed; the Confederates met the shock then wavered, and then were driven back at the bayonet's point, step by step, for some half mile, when they broke and fled, ever and anon rallying to check our too hasty pursuit. Night fell on the scene, and the victors and vanquished rested from their strife. Thus was won the great battle of Stone River, in which, if ever men met foemen worthy of their steel, they met them then.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Stone River

"Battle of Stone River, Tenn. The decisive charge of General Negley's division across the river- the…

"Battle of Stone River, Tenn. The decisive charge of General Negley's division across the river- the Confederates flying in confusion. We question if a more spirited sketch was ever published than our double-page engraving representing the final charge of General Negley's division, on the afternoon of Friday, January 2nd, 1863, at the battle of Murfreesborough, or Stone River. About four o'clock in the afternoon General Rosecrans, seeing that the critical moment had arrived, gave orders for General Negley to cross the river and drive the enemy from his position. This was done in a manner worthy of the most disciplined troops in the world. The Eighteenth Ohio Regiment dashed into the river, the Nineteenth Illinois and Twenty-first Ohio following close behind. Our artist reported: 'The scene was grand in the extreme. It was indeed a momentous battle on a miniature scale. Nothing could resist our gallant men; on they rushed; the Confederates met the shock then wavered, and then were driven back at the bayonet's point, step by step, for some half mile, when they broke and fled, ever and anon rallying to check our too hasty pursuit. Night fell on the scene, and the victors and vanquished rested from their strife. Thus was won the great battle of Stone River, in which, if ever men met foemen worthy of their steel, they met them then.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Stone River

"Battle of Stone River, Tenn. The decisive charge of General Negley's division across the river- the…

"Battle of Stone River, Tenn. The decisive charge of General Negley's division across the river- the Confederates flying in confusion. We question if a more spirited sketch was ever published than our double-page engraving representing the final charge of General Negley's division, on the afternoon of Friday, January 2nd, 1863, at the battle of Murfreesborough, or Stone River. About four o'clock in the afternoon General Rosecrans, seeing that the critical moment had arrived, gave orders for General Negley to cross the river and drive the enemy from his position. This was done in a manner worthy of the most disciplined troops in the world. The Eighteenth Ohio Regiment dashed into the river, the Nineteenth Illinois and Twenty-first Ohio following close behind. Our artist reported: 'The scene was grand in the extreme. It was indeed a momentous battle on a miniature scale. Nothing could resist our gallant men; on they rushed; the Confederates met the shock then wavered, and then were driven back at the bayonet's point, step by step, for some half mile, when they broke and fled, ever and anon rallying to check our too hasty pursuit. Night fell on the scene, and the victors and vanquished rested from their strife. Thus was won the great battle of Stone River, in which, if ever men met foemen worthy of their steel, they met them then.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Stone River

"Battle of Stone River, Tenn. The decisive charge of General Negley's division across the river- the…

"The Bleak or Blick, <em>L. alburnus</em>, is a well-known, small species, inhabiting many of the rivers of Europe; it is tolerable food, and affords amusement to young fly fishers." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Bleak

"The Bleak or Blick, L. alburnus, is a well-known, small species, inhabiting many of the rivers…

"Battle of Antietam, Burnside's Division, left wing- brilliant and decisive bayonet charge of Hawkins's Zouaves on the Confederate battery on the hill, right bank of Antietam Creek, near Sharpsburg, September 17th, 1862, utter route of the Confederates. This brilliant and decisive charge was made about five o'clock in the afternoon of Wednesday, September 17th. Our correspondent thus described the charge: 'On the left, during the afternoon, Burnside carried the bridge after an obstinate contest of several hours duration, and a loss of about five hundred killed and wounded. Hawkins's Zouaves then crossed and found the enemy ready drawn up under cover of the hills, and advanced in line of battle on the enemy's new position, about a half a mile distant. The ground over which they advanced was open clover and plowed fields, the latter very difficult and fatiguing to march in, owing to the softness of the ground. The enemy's guns, fourteen in number, kept up a terrible fire on our advancing line, which never wavered, but slowly toiled along, receiving shelter, however, when they were in the hollows. They were halted a few moments to rest in the hollow nearest the enemy's position, and then were ordered to charge with a yell. As they came up the hill in front of the enemy's batteries, they received a heavy volley from a large force of infantry behind a stone wall, about two hundred feet in front of the enemy's batteries. Our men, though terribly decimated, gave a volley in return, and then went on with the bayonet. The enemy did not stay to contest the ground, and, although two to one, broke and ran, leaving their guns.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Antietam

"Battle of Antietam, Burnside's Division, left wing- brilliant and decisive bayonet charge of Hawkins's…

"Battle of Antietam, Burnside's Division, left wing- brilliant and decisive bayonet charge of Hawkins's Zouaves on the Confederate battery on the hill, right bank of Antietam Creek, near Sharpsburg, September 17th, 1862, utter route of the Confederates. This brilliant and decisive charge was made about five o'clock in the afternoon of Wednesday, September 17th. Our correspondent thus described the charge: 'On the left, during the afternoon, Burnside carried the bridge after an obstinate contest of several hours duration, and a loss of about five hundred killed and wounded. Hawkins's Zouaves then crossed and found the enemy ready drawn up under cover of the hills, and advanced in line of battle on the enemy's new position, about a half a mile distant. The ground over which they advanced was open clover and plowed fields, the latter very difficult and fatiguing to march in, owing to the softness of the ground. The enemy's guns, fourteen in number, kept up a terrible fire on our advancing line, which never wavered, but slowly toiled along, receiving shelter, however, when they were in the hollows. They were halted a few moments to rest in the hollow nearest the enemy's position, and then were ordered to charge with a yell. As they came up the hill in front of the enemy's batteries, they received a heavy volley from a large force of infantry behind a stone wall, about two hundred feet in front of the enemy's batteries. Our men, though terribly decimated, gave a volley in return, and then went on with the bayonet. The enemy did not stay to contest the ground, and, although two to one, broke and ran, leaving their guns.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Antietam

"Battle of Antietam, Burnside's Division, left wing- brilliant and decisive bayonet charge of Hawkins's…

"View from the site of the Redoubt. This view is from the mounds looking northwest, up the York River. The first head-land on the right is Gloucester Point, and upon the high bank on the left is situated the village of Yorktown. The dark spot in the bank indicates the place of the so-called <em>Cornwallis' Cave</em>."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Redoubt

"View from the site of the Redoubt. This view is from the mounds looking northwest, up the York River.…

"View at Tuckesege Ford. This view is from the western bank of the Catawba, looking down the stream."—Lossing, 1851

Tuckesege Ford

"View at Tuckesege Ford. This view is from the western bank of the Catawba, looking down the stream."—Lossing,…

"View at the Cherokee Ford. This view is from the east bank of the river. Toward the extreme right is seen the dam, made to supply water-power for the iron-works delineated toward the left of the picture. The fording-place, which crosses a small island in the middle of the steam, is indicated by the slight fall toward the left."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Cherokee Ford

"View at the Cherokee Ford. This view is from the east bank of the river. Toward the extreme right is…

"View at the Spring; Hobkirk's Hill. It is at the hed of a ravine, scooped out of the northeastern slope of Hobkirk's Hill. The noble trees which shadow it are tulips, poplars, and pines. The house seen on the top of the hill, toward the left, is the residence of William E. Johnson, Esq., president of the Camden Bank. A few yards below the spring a dike has been cast up, across the ravine, by which a fine duck pond is formed, and adds beauty to the scene, in summer."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Hobkirk's Hill

"View at the Spring; Hobkirk's Hill. It is at the hed of a ravine, scooped out of the northeastern slope…

"View from the site of Fort Cornwallis. Fort Cornwallis occupied the ground in the rear of the Episcopal church, now a grave-yard. This view is from within the inclosure, looking northeast, and includes a portion of Schultz's bridge, the Savannah River, and Hamburg upon the opposite bank. In the foreground is seen portions of the church-yard wall, and upon the brink of the river below are [African Americans] employed in placing bales of cotton upon the wharves for transportation to the sea-coast. The wharves are two stories in height, one to be used at low water, the other when the river is 'up.' There were remains of the ditch and embankments of the fort within the grave-yard when I was there; and the trench leading to the water-gate, where the 'Pride-of-India tree is seen, was very visible."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Fort Cornwallis

"View from the site of Fort Cornwallis. Fort Cornwallis occupied the ground in the rear of the Episcopal…

"Ruins of Oglethorpe's Barracks at Frederica. This is from a sketch made by W. W. Hazzard, Esq., in 1851. Mr. Hazzard writes: 'These ruins stand on the left bank or bluff of the south branch of the Alatamaha River, on the west side of St. Simon's Island, where the steamers pass from Savannah to Florida.' This fort was a scene of hostilities during the war of the Revolution, and also that of 1812; and is one of the most interesting military relics of our country. Mr. Hazzard states that, in his field in the rear of it, his men always turn up 'bomb-shells and hollow shot whenever they plow there.' The whole remains are upon his plantation at West Point."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Frederica

"Ruins of Oglethorpe's Barracks at Frederica. This is from a sketch made by W. W. Hazzard, Esq., in…

"View at Turtle Bay. Turtle Bay is a small rock-bound cove of the East River, at the foot of Forty-seventh Street. The banks are high and precipitous, and afforded a safe retreat for small vessels. Here the government had made a magazine of military stores, and these the Sons of Liberty determined to seize. Under the direction of Lamb, Sears, Willett, and McDougal, a party procured a sloop at Greenwich, came stealthily through the dangerous vortex of Hell Gate at twilight, and at midnight surprised and captured the guard, and secured the stores. The old store-house in which they were deposited is yet standing upon a wharf on the southern side of the little bay. The above view is from the bank at the foot of Forty-sixth Street. Beyond the rocky point on the north side of the bay is seen the lower end of Blackwell's Island, with the shore of Long Island in the distance. On the left of the old store-house, is seen the bridge across the mouth of Newtown Creek, a locality which will be mentioned presently in connection with a notice of the landing of troops under Sir Henry Clinton."—Lossing, 1851

Turtle Bay

"View at Turtle Bay. Turtle Bay is a small rock-bound cove of the East River, at the foot of Forty-seventh…

"Mummy. Another striking religious custom was the embalming of the dead. It was thought that the soul would reanimate the body at the resurrection, and for this reason great care was taken to preserve the body from decay and provide it with a suitable resting place. Embalming was so skillfully and effectively done that decay was often prevented for thousands of years. The interior of the sepulcher was often decorated, and food and drink were placed beside the body. These houses of the dead were among the finest and the most enduring of Egyptian buildings."&mdash;Colby, 1899

mummy

"Mummy. Another striking religious custom was the embalming of the dead. It was thought that the soul…

"The Buffalo. As the game upon which they depended moved about the country, so the Indians roved in search of it. The buffalo was an animal every part of which the Indian used. He cooked or dried the flesh, for food. He tanned or otherwise dressed the skin and used it for his bed, and he cut it up for ropes and cords. The marrow served for fat. The sinews made bowstrings. The hair was twisted into ropes and halters, and spun and woven into a coarse cloth, the bones made war clubs, and the shoulder blades were used for hoes. They made canoes from the bark of trees, and paddled along the rivers and lakes. By looking at a map which has no State lines upon it, one can see what a network of waterways covers the country now occupied by the United States."&mdash;Scudder, 1897

Buffalo

"The Buffalo. As the game upon which they depended moved about the country, so the Indians roved in…

"The species of the genus <em>Clio</em>, belonging to this order, exist in prodigious numbers in the Arctic and Antarctic seas. So great, in fact, is their abundance, that although they do no exceed an inch in length, they furnish a great part of the food of the whale-bone fishes." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Clio borealis

"The species of the genus Clio, belonging to this order, exist in prodigious numbers in the…

"A North American fish, Clupea Vernalis, from 8 to 10 inches long, resembling a small shad, but much inferior to it as food."-Whitney, 1902

Alewife

"A North American fish, Clupea Vernalis, from 8 to 10 inches long, resembling a small shad, but much…

"Like that animal [the mole] it is constantly engaged in burrowing in the earth; and to enable it to do this with facility iits anterior limbs are converted into a pair of flat, fossorial organs, which are turned outward in exactly the same manner as the hand of the mole. In its pasage through the earth it does great injury to the roots of plants, but it said to live quite as much upon animal as vegetable food." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Mole Cricket

"Like that animal [the mole] it is constantly engaged in burrowing in the earth; and to enable it to…

"The Purse Crab, <em>Birgus Latro</em> is a very curious species found in Amboyna and some of the adjacent islands. They inhabit the fissures of rocks along the sea-shore by day and come forth at night to search for food along the beach. When they meeta person they set up their claws in a threatening manner and snap their pincers and retreat backward. The natives say they climb the cocoanut-trees to get the cocoanuts." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Purse-crab

"The Purse Crab, Birgus Latro is a very curious species found in Amboyna and some of the adjacent…

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper lip; a long and arched neck; one or two humps or protuberances on the back; and a broad elastic foot ending in two small hoofs. The native country of the camel is said to extend from Morocco to China, within a zone of 900 or 1,000 miles in breadth. The common camel, having two humps, is found in the N. part of this region, and exclusively from the ancient Bactria, now Turkestan, to China. The dromedary, or single-humped camel is found throuhout the entire length of this zone. The camel will travel three days under a load and five days under a rider without drinking. It can live on little food, and of the coarsest kind. Camels which carry heavy burdens will do about 25 miles a day; those which are used for speed alone, from 60 to 90 miles a day. It lives from 40 to 50 years. The South American members of the family Camelid&aelig; contain the llama and alpaca; they have no humps."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Camel

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper…

"Theses animals were all supported upon a long stalk, at the extremity of which they floated in the waters of the ancient seas, spreading their arms in every direction in search of the small animals whch consitituted its food." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Encrindae

"Theses animals were all supported upon a long stalk, at the extremity of which they floated in the…

"Crawfish, or Crayfish is a name of various crustaceous animals, the common crawfish being the river lobster. It lurks under stones or in holes in the banks. Its food consists of small mollusks or fishes, the larv&aelig; of insects, and almost any sort of animal matter. Some crawfish by their burrowing habits injure mill-dams and the levees of the Mississippi."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Crawfish

"Crawfish, or Crayfish is a name of various crustaceous animals, the common crawfish being the river…

"Creepers are a family of birds which strongly resemble the woodpeckers in their habit of creeping on the stems of trees with the aid of the strong quills which project from the tail-feathers, and of securing their insect food by an exsertile tongue."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Common Creeper

"Creepers are a family of birds which strongly resemble the woodpeckers in their habit of creeping on…