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"The common frog of Europe, a common and well-known animal." — Goodrich. 1859

Common frog

"The common frog of Europe, a common and well-known animal." — Goodrich. 1859

"Figure 1 represents the embryo as it appears several days after the egg is deposited." — Goodrich. 1859

Embryo

"Figure 1 represents the embryo as it appears several days after the egg is deposited." — Goodrich.…

"Figure 2 gives an outline of its form; the arrows at the side of the head show the currents of water which are seen to flow to the branchiae by the breathing of the young animal." — Goodrich. 1859

Form of the embryo

"Figure 2 gives an outline of its form; the arrows at the side of the head show the currents of water…

A developing tadpole.

A developing tadpole

A developing tadpole.

A close up view of the head of a developing embryonic tadpole.

A developing tadpole's head

A close up view of the head of a developing embryonic tadpole.

"Figure 5 shows the form of the tadpole when first hatched, which usually takes place about four weeks after depositing the egg." — Goodrich. 1859

Newly hatched tadpole

"Figure 5 shows the form of the tadpole when first hatched, which usually takes place about four weeks…

A developing tadpole.

Developing tadpole

A developing tadpole.

A developing tadpole.

Developing tadpole

A developing tadpole.

A pollywog, another phase of tadpole development.

Pollywog

A pollywog, another phase of tadpole development.

A tadpole developing, with small rear legs beginning to form.

Developing tadpole

A tadpole developing, with small rear legs beginning to form.

Nearing the end of its development, a gradually shrinking tail is all that remains of the tadpole.

Frog with tail

Nearing the end of its development, a gradually shrinking tail is all that remains of the tadpole.

"It is rather larger than the common frog, and its nocturnal croakings are so loud and disagreeable, that temporary dwellers in the neighborhood of ponds frequented by it, are often prevented from sleeping by its clamorous chorus. It is this species that is most approved of on the continent for culinary purposes." — Goodrich, 1859

Edible frog

"It is rather larger than the common frog, and its nocturnal croakings are so loud and disagreeable,…

"Resembles the common toad of Europe in appearance: there are also other foreign species, among which is the accoucheur toad, which not only assists the female in excluding her eggs, but attaches them afterwards to his own hind-legs, where the young are developed until they arrive at the tadpole state, when he visists the water and the escape. This species is common in the vicinity of Paris." — Goodrich, 1859

Natter-jack toad

"Resembles the common toad of Europe in appearance: there are also other foreign species, among which…

"At the breeding season the back of the female exhbits a number of small pits; into these pits the male collects the eggs laid by the female in the edge of the water, and presses them down; they are then covered by a natural operculum, and there they are hatched, in the same manner as the free larvae of the other Batrachians." — Goodrich, 1859

Surinam toad

"At the breeding season the back of the female exhbits a number of small pits; into these pits the male…

"It is three and a half inches long, the skin smooth as a frog's; it lives in ponds and ditches, and is devoured in great quantites by fish of various kinds.' — Goodrich, 1859

Smooth newt

"It is three and a half inches long, the skin smooth as a frog's; it lives in ponds and ditches, and…

"A few fish, however, form a sort of nest for the protection of their eggs and young; and in some instances, the male remains as a guard over the fry until they have acquired sufficient strength and agility to venture forth into the world. The little sticklebacks, common in ponds, furnish and interesting example of the exercise in this instinct" — Goodrich, 1859

Sticklebacks and Nest

"A few fish, however, form a sort of nest for the protection of their eggs and young; and in some instances,…

"Have a long, eel-like body, with the jaws united forming a tube nearly cylindrical. The eggs of the female are cast by her into a sort of false belly belonging to the male, and situated near the tial; here they are hatched, and here they occaisionally take refuge like young opossums!" — Goodrich, 1859

Pipefish

"Have a long, eel-like body, with the jaws united forming a tube nearly cylindrical. The eggs of the…

"The fishing frog is three to five feet long. It has an enormous mouth, armed with numerous pointed teeth. It is exceedingly voracious, and has been known to seize a cod just as it was being drawn out of the water by a hook, and only let go its hold on receiving a severe blow upon the head." — Goodrich, 1859

Angler

"The fishing frog is three to five feet long. It has an enormous mouth, armed with numerous pointed…

"Agua-Toad (Bufo marinus), a very large and common South American toad, with enormous parotid glands."-Whitney, 1902

Bufo Toad

"Agua-Toad (Bufo marinus), a very large and common South American toad, with enormous parotid glands."-Whitney,…

"A genus of anurous amphibians, or tailless batrachians, of the family Discoglossidæ, sometimes made the type of a family Alytidæ."-Whitney, 1902

Nurse Frog

"A genus of anurous amphibians, or tailless batrachians, of the family Discoglossidæ, sometimes…

"Many of the dung beetles, among which the Sacred Beetle of the Egyptians, <em>Scarabus Aegyptiorum</em>, holds a prominent place, are remarkable for inclosing their eggs in a small pellet of dung, which they then roll along with their hind-legs, until they drop it into a hole which they have dug for its reception." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sacred Beetle

"Many of the dung beetles, among which the Sacred Beetle of the Egyptians, Scarabus Aegyptiorum,…

"The fish Lophius piscatorius, the typical representative of the family Lophiid&aelig;."-Whitney, 1902

Angler

"The fish Lophius piscatorius, the typical representative of the family Lophiidæ."-Whitney, 1902

"The Ox-fly, Oestrus bovis, is three-forths of an inch long, and lays its eggs in the skin of young cattle, producing a swelling which supprates and forms a purulent humor, on which the larvae feed." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Ox Fly

"The Ox-fly, Oestrus bovis, is three-forths of an inch long, and lays its eggs in the skin of young…

"a, eggs of the Breeze-fly; b, the same magnified; c, larva, or bot; d, chrysalis; e, perfect insect; f, female depositing her eggs" &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Breeze Fly

"a, eggs of the Breeze-fly; b, the same magnified; c, larva, or bot; d, chrysalis; e, perfect insect;…

"Blow Fly is the name popularly given to such two winged flies as deposit eggs in the flesh of animals, thus making tumors arise. Several species of musca do this, so do breeze flies, etc."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Blow Fly

"Blow Fly is the name popularly given to such two winged flies as deposit eggs in the flesh of animals,…

The most remarkable family of the Echinida are the <em>Sea-Eggs</em> or <em>Sea-Urchins</em> - <em>Cidaridae</em>: they consist of several species, somewhat varying in form, some being nearly flat, some oval, some heart-shaped, and some like the <em>Echinus esculentus</em>, resembling an orange in shape." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sea-urchin

The most remarkable family of the Echinida are the Sea-Eggs or Sea-Urchins - Cidaridae:…

"The Colorado Beetle is a beetle first described by Thomas Say, in 1824, from specimens found by him near the Upper Missouri. The larva feeds greedily on the potato, and having attracted notice in Colorado for its ravages among the crops of that esculent in the territory, it moved eastward year by year, till in 1874 it had reached the Atlantic seaboard. It is popularly known as the potato bug."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Colorado Beetle Eggs

"The Colorado Beetle is a beetle first described by Thomas Say, in 1824, from specimens found by him…

"Asparagus-Beetle (Crioceris asparagi). a,b,d and e, beetle eggs, and larv&aelig;, natural size; c and f, eggs and larva, enlarged."-Whitney, 1902

Asparagus Beetle

"Asparagus-Beetle (Crioceris asparagi). a,b,d and e, beetle eggs, and larvæ, natural size; c and…

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers partly to the form of their body, partly to their leaping powers, which are great; this power arises from the length of their hind legs. The larva of these insects, which resembles the parent in most respects except in the want of wings, envelops itself in a froth resembling human spittle. All must have often observed ths on plants."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Larval Frog Hopper

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers…

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers partly to the form of their body, partly to their leaping powers, which are great; this power arises from the length of their hind legs. The larva of these insects, which resembles the parent in most respects except in the want of wings, envelops itself in a froth resembling human spittle. All must have often observed ths on plants."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Frog Hopper on Leaf

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers…

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers partly to the form of their body, partly to their leaping powers, which are great; this power arises from the length of their hind legs. The larva of these insects, which resembles the parent in most respects except in the want of wings, envelops itself in a froth resembling human spittle. All must have often observed ths on plants."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Adult Frog Hopper

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers…

"Galvanism is the branch of electric science to which an experiment by Galvani gave birth. His wife, who was making soup from frogs, put them in proximity to a charged electrical machine. On touching them with a scalpel their legs became greatly convulsed. He came to the erroneous conclusion that animal electricity existed in the nerves and muscles of frogs, etc. His contemporary Volta inferred that the metals took the active part in producing the contraction, and the electricity was due to their contact. In 1800 he first described and constructed what has since been called the Voltaic pile."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Galvanic Battery

"Galvanism is the branch of electric science to which an experiment by Galvani gave birth. His wife,…

"Turtle is, in zoology, the popular name for any species of the Cheloniid&aelig;. They may be distinguished by their long, compressed, fin-shaped, non-retractile feet, with the toes inclosed in a common skin, from which only one or two claws project. The carapace is broad and much depressed, so that when these animals are on shore, and are turned over on their backs, they cannot regain the natural position. Turtles are marine animals; their pinnate feet and light shell render them excellent swimmers. They sometimes live at a great distance from land, to which they periodically return to deposit their soft-shelled eggs in the sand."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Skeleton of Turtle

"Turtle is, in zoology, the popular name for any species of the Cheloniidæ. They may be distinguished…

"Water Flea is a popular name for minute aquatic Crustaceans such as daphnia, cypris, and cyclops. The common Daphnia pulex, abundant in fresh water, is a good representative. The body is enclosed in a bivalve shell; there is a large single eye; a pair of large antenn&aelig; are used as swimming organs. The daphnids are marvellously prolific, and for prolonged periods parthenogenetic. There is an interesting difference between the winter eggs which require fertilization and the summer eggs which do not. The females have a dorsal brood chamber betwen the shell and the back. Water fleas fed on microscopic plants and animals and on organic debris, while they themselves&ndash; often occurring in countless swarms&ndash; form an important part of the food supply of certain fishes."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Daphnia Pulex Water Flea

"Water Flea is a popular name for minute aquatic Crustaceans such as daphnia, cypris, and cyclops. The…

"A, columnar cells of intestine; B, polyhedral cells of the conjuctiva; C, ciliated conical cells of the trachea; D, ciliated cell of frog's mothl E, inverted conical cell of the trachea; F, squamous cell of the cavity of the mouth, seen on its broad surface; G, squamous cell, seen edgeways." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Various kinds of epithelial cells

"A, columnar cells of intestine; B, polyhedral cells of the conjuctiva; C, ciliated conical cells of…

"Iguana is a genus of saurian reptiles, natives of Brazil, Cayenne, the Bahamas, and neighboring localities in the New World. It was formerly very common in Jamaica, but is now becoming gradually rarer. It has a lizard-like form, with a long tail, and an average length of about four feet, though it sometimes reaches a length of fully six feet. Its head is large and covered with large scales. The food of the Iguana consists almost entirely of fruits, fungi, and other vegetable substances, though it occasionally feeds on eggs, insects, and various animal substances. When domesticated it eats leaves and flowers. Along the whole length of the back to the tip of the tail there is a crest of elevated, compressed, pointed scales, while over the lower part of the head and neck there is a deep, thin dewlap or throat pouch, the border describing a curved line and dentilated at the part nearest the chin."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Iguana

"Iguana is a genus of saurian reptiles, natives of Brazil, Cayenne, the Bahamas, and neighboring localities…

"Showing how the circulation of blood in the web of a frog's foot looks as seen under the microscope." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Circulation of blood

"Showing how the circulation of blood in the web of a frog's foot looks as seen under the microscope."…

"Lizard is the popular name of numerous reptiles having usually two pairs of limbs and an elongated body terminating in a tail. The lizards number more than a thousand species, accommodating themselves to all conditions except cold, and increasing in size and number in tropical regions. Some lizards are vegetable feeders, but for the most part they are carnivorous and live upon small birds, insects, etc. The eggs are deposited and left to be hatched without care from the parents. The chief families of lizards are the skinks; the geckos; the iguana; and the chameleons. Poison glands are wanting in the lizards; the only exception being the Heloderma of Arizona and Mexico, which is capable of inflicting a poisonous bite by means of poison glands connected with grooved teeth."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lizard

"Lizard is the popular name of numerous reptiles having usually two pairs of limbs and an elongated…

"The Osprey, the fish hawk, bald buzzard, or fishing eagle. A bird of prey, of almost world wide distribution usually near the seashore, and, unlike rapacious birds generally, are in some measure gregarious. In North America large communities of ospreys are found, and the purple grakle often builds close by. The osprey lays three or four eggs of a rich red to buffy white, with large reddish and brown markings."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Osprey

"The Osprey, the fish hawk, bald buzzard, or fishing eagle. A bird of prey, of almost world wide distribution…

"A Compound Microscope. The appearance of the various structures and tissues of the human body as revealed by the microscope possesses a curious fascination for every observer, especially for young students. No one ever forgets the first look at a drop of blood, or the circulation of blood in the web of a frog's foot as revealed by the microscope." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Compound microscope

"A Compound Microscope. The appearance of the various structures and tissues of the human body as revealed…

"The Quail is a small game bird; the Virginia species is common in North America, and so far south as Honduras. It is larger than the European quail, and is better eating. The California crested quail is another American species. THe quail, genus Coturnix, is widely distributed over the Eastern Hemisphere, visiting Europe in early summer and returning S. in the autumn, when immense numbers are caught and fattened for the market. Length about seven inches, general color reddish-brown, with buff streaks on the upper surface; throat rufous; head, dark brown above, striped with ocherous white, sides reddish-brown, lower parts pale buff, fading into white on belly. Color less bright in the hen bird, and the rufous tinge absent from the throat. They nest on the ground, laying from 9 to 15 pyriform, yellowish-white eggs, blotched with dark-brown. The males are polygamous and extremely pugnacious."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lophortyx Californicus Quail

"The Quail is a small game bird; the Virginia species is common in North America, and so far south as…

"Salamander is a genus of reptiles closely allied to the frog, from which it differs in having an elongated body terminated by a tail, and four feet of equal length. Together with the frog, this genus is included under the order Batrachia, and is easily distinguished from the lizards by having no nails on the toes, a naked skin destitute of scales, and a heart with a single auricle. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Salamander

"Salamander is a genus of reptiles closely allied to the frog, from which it differs in having an elongated…

"The Sand Lizard is a common European lizard, about seven inches long, of which the tail is four. Usual color, sandy-brown, with obscure longitudinal bands of a darker hue, line of round black spots on side. The female lays 12 to 14 eggs in the sand, covers them, and leaves them to be hatched by solar heat."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sand Lizard

"The Sand Lizard is a common European lizard, about seven inches long, of which the tail is four. Usual…

The Seventeen Year Locust (Cicada septendecim) spends seventeen years underground feeding on the roots of trees. On the seventeenth year of its life it burrows out of the ground, cracks its shell and spreads its previously unused wings. It flies to the nearest tree to mate. The female cuts holes in the branches of the tree to deposit her eggs. The males make a very loud drumming noise while they are above ground.

Seventeen Year Locust

The Seventeen Year Locust (Cicada septendecim) spends seventeen years underground feeding on the roots…

A decorative robin with a nest

Robin with eggs

A decorative robin with a nest

Scene from "The Mouse and the Frog."

Hawk

Scene from "The Mouse and the Frog."

Frog

Frog

Frog

Cat playing with a frog.

Cat and Frog

Cat playing with a frog.

Cat playing with a frog.

Cat and Frog

Cat playing with a frog.

Cat playing with a frog.

Cat and Frog

Cat playing with a frog.

Cat playing with a frog.

Cat and Frog

Cat playing with a frog.

Scene from the story, "The Frog-Prince."

Frog-Prince

Scene from the story, "The Frog-Prince."

Scene from the story, "The Frog-Prince."

Frog-Prince

Scene from the story, "The Frog-Prince."

Scene from the story, "The Frog-Bride."

Frog-Bride

Scene from the story, "The Frog-Bride."

"The Tadpole is the larva of the anurous amphibia, sometimes so far extended as to include larva&aelig; of the urodela, which undergo a much less complete metamorphosis. At first the young have no respiratory organs or limbs. They are all head and tail with simple entire gills which soon disappear, to be followed by others of more complicated structure, situated within the cavity of the body as in fishes. After a certain length of time the hind legs begin to appear, the head becomes more developed, and the body assumes a more compact form. Still later the forelegs are found to exist fully formed beneath the skin and ready ultimately to burst forth. The tadpole at first seems to derive its subsistence from the fluid absorbed within its body and on the surface, but soon begins to seek its food amidst softened or decomposing vegetable matter. From that period the tadpole begins to assume more and more the appearance of a frog. Toes appear on its hind legs, the tail very rapidly disappears by absorption, and finally the fore-legs become fully developed and the metamorphosis of the tadpole is completed."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tadpole

"The Tadpole is the larva of the anurous amphibia, sometimes so far extended as to include larvaæ…

"The Tadpole is the larva of the anurous amphibia, sometimes so far extended as to include larva&aelig; of the urodela, which undergo a much less complete metamorphosis. At first the young have no respiratory organs or limbs. They are all head and tail with simple entire gills which soon disappear, to be followed by others of more complicated structure, situated within the cavity of the body as in fishes. After a certain length of time the hind legs begin to appear, the head becomes more developed, and the body assumes a more compact form. Still later the forelegs are found to exist fully formed beneath the skin and ready ultimately to burst forth. The tadpole at first seems to derive its subsistence from the fluid absorbed within its body and on the surface, but soon begins to seek its food amidst softened or decomposing vegetable matter. From that period the tadpole begins to assume more and more the appearance of a frog. Toes appear on its hind legs, the tail very rapidly disappears by absorption, and finally the fore-legs become fully developed and the metamorphosis of the tadpole is completed."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tadpole

"The Tadpole is the larva of the anurous amphibia, sometimes so far extended as to include larvaæ…

"The Tadpole is the larva of the anurous amphibia, sometimes so far extended as to include larva&aelig; of the urodela, which undergo a much less complete metamorphosis. At first the young have no respiratory organs or limbs. They are all head and tail with simple entire gills which soon disappear, to be followed by others of more complicated structure, situated within the cavity of the body as in fishes. After a certain length of time the hind legs begin to appear, the head becomes more developed, and the body assumes a more compact form. Still later the forelegs are found to exist fully formed beneath the skin and ready ultimately to burst forth. The tadpole at first seems to derive its subsistence from the fluid absorbed within its body and on the surface, but soon begins to seek its food amidst softened or decomposing vegetable matter. From that period the tadpole begins to assume more and more the appearance of a frog. Toes appear on its hind legs, the tail very rapidly disappears by absorption, and finally the fore-legs become fully developed and the metamorphosis of the tadpole is completed."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Frog Eggs

"The Tadpole is the larva of the anurous amphibia, sometimes so far extended as to include larvaæ…

"The Tadpole is the larva of the anurous amphibia, sometimes so far extended as to include larva&aelig; of the urodela, which undergo a much less complete metamorphosis. At first the young have no respiratory organs or limbs. They are all head and tail with simple entire gills which soon disappear, to be followed by others of more complicated structure, situated within the cavity of the body as in fishes. After a certain length of time the hind legs begin to appear, the head becomes more developed, and the body assumes a more compact form. Still later the forelegs are found to exist fully formed beneath the skin and ready ultimately to burst forth. The tadpole at first seems to derive its subsistence from the fluid absorbed within its body and on the surface, but soon begins to seek its food amidst softened or decomposing vegetable matter. From that period the tadpole begins to assume more and more the appearance of a frog. Toes appear on its hind legs, the tail very rapidly disappears by absorption, and finally the fore-legs become fully developed and the metamorphosis of the tadpole is completed."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Frog Egg

"The Tadpole is the larva of the anurous amphibia, sometimes so far extended as to include larvaæ…

Higgledy Piggledy, my black hen; She lays eggs for gentlmen; Sometimes nine, and sometimes ten. Higgledy Piggledy, my black hen!

Black Hen

Higgledy Piggledy, my black hen; She lays eggs for gentlmen; Sometimes nine, and sometimes ten. Higgledy…

A scene from the story, "The Princess' Golden Ball."

Princess

A scene from the story, "The Princess' Golden Ball."