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Sterna fluviatilis, the Common Tern, occupying the coasts and inland waters of Europe, temperate Asia, and temperate America-chiefly on the eastern side in the last case- and migrating to South Africa, India, Ceylon, and Brazil, has red feet, and bill with horn-coloured tip, the lower parts being vinaceous grey." A. H. Evans, 1900

Common Tern

Sterna fluviatilis, the Common Tern, occupying the coasts and inland waters of Europe, temperate Asia,…

Fredericksburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia located 50 miles south of Washington, D.C., and 58 miles north of Richmond. As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 19,279. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Fredericksburg with neighboring Spotsylvania County for statistical purposes. It is a part of the Washington Metropolitan Area.

Fredericksburg, VA

Fredericksburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia located 50 miles south of Washington,…

"Nestor notabilis, the Kea of the south island of New Zealand, has olive-green plumage with blackish margins; the wings and tail are varied with blue and yellow, the latter having a brown subterminal band; the rump and under wing-coverts are scarlet. The female is duller."

A Kea Sitting a Tree Branch

"Nestor notabilis, the Kea of the south island of New Zealand, has olive-green plumage with blackish…

"Upupa epops, not unfrequently visits Britain, where it has nested on several occasions; it breeds from Southern Scandinavia to Northern Africa and the Atlantic Islands, migrating a little further south; while it extends through most of Asia and reaches Japan. The fine erectile crest, the head, neck, and lower parts are cinnamon-coloured; the remaining plumage is black, varied with buff and white; a band of the latter crosses the tail; and head plumes are tipped with black and white." A. H. Evans

Hoopoe

"Upupa epops, not unfrequently visits Britain, where it has nested on several occasions; it breeds from…

"Speotyto cunicularia, the Burrowing Owl, a comparatively long-legged and short -winged bird with incomplete facial discs and unfeathered toes, is umber-brown varied with yellowish and white, the lower parts becoming lighter." A. H. Evans

Two Burrowing Owls by the Mountains

"Speotyto cunicularia, the Burrowing Owl, a comparatively long-legged and short -winged bird with incomplete…

"The coloration of the twenty or more species of Cypselus is sooty-black or mouse-brown, frequently exhibiting a metallic gloss, while the collar, rump, abdomen, or edges of the feathers may be white. A forked tail is not uncommon. The common Swift, or Deviling of Britain, is found through Europe, North Africa, and Asia, southwards t the Himalayas, migrating to South Africa, Madagascar, and Southern Asia." A. H. Evans, 1900

Common Swift Flying Through the Air by a Structure and a Tree with its Mouth Open

"The coloration of the twenty or more species of Cypselus is sooty-black or mouse-brown, frequently…

"Colius capensis, or Cape Coly, has two stripes of black on the back enclosing one of white, the bare skin surrounding the eye is scarlet and bluish-grey everywhere else. The legs are red in life fading to buff after death." A. H. Evans, 1900

Cape Coly

"Colius capensis, or Cape Coly, has two stripes of black on the back enclosing one of white, the bare…

Pipra mentalis, the Red-capped Manakin, has black plumage with a red head, neck, and thighs.

Red-capped Manakin

Pipra mentalis, the Red-capped Manakin, has black plumage with a red head, neck, and thighs.

"Cephalopterus ornatus, the Umbrella bird, is entirely black, with a huge expanded umbrella-like crest of bare-shafted incurved feathers, and a long flattened and feathered gular wattle." A. H. Evans, 1900

Amazonian Umbrella Bird

"Cephalopterus ornatus, the Umbrella bird, is entirely black, with a huge expanded umbrella-like crest…

"Chasmorhynchus niveus, the Bell-bird, ...have lores and orbits bare. The plumage is ordinarily plain rufous, green, or grey; the females being nearly always dull, though many of the males are very brilliant." A. H. Evans, 1900

Bell-Bird

"Chasmorhynchus niveus, the Bell-bird, ...have lores and orbits bare. The plumage is ordinarily plain…

"The curious nest is placed in exposed situations on branches, in forks of trees or shrubs, on posts, rocks, or house-roofs; it has thick walls, almost unbreakable when dry, of clayey mud and dung mixed with a little hair or dry grass, a lining of same materials underlying the three to five white eggs." A. H. Evans, 1900

The Nest of an Oven-bird

"The curious nest is placed in exposed situations on branches, in forks of trees or shrubs, on posts,…

"Menura superba, the Lyre-bird, of New South Wales and South Queensland, some thirty-three inches long, is dull brown, with slaty tinge above, and more rufous throat, wing, and tail-coverts; while the outer rectrices exhibit regular notch-like transparent or blackish markings on the chestnut inner webs, caused by the absence of barbules. The naked orbits are bluish or lead-coloured. The female has a long, broad, normal tail, the median feathers exceeding the rest." A. H. Evans, 1900

Lyre-bird

"Menura superba, the Lyre-bird, of New South Wales and South Queensland, some thirty-three inches long,…

"Troglodytes parvulus, Wren, the coloration is ordinarily brown, with a great tendency to barring; spots, stripes, and streaks are not uncommon; chestnut, bay, orange, and grey often relieve the dulness.: A. H. Evans, 1900

Wren

"Troglodytes parvulus, Wren, the coloration is ordinarily brown, with a great tendency to barring; spots,…

"Certhiola flaveola, the Sugar-bird, coloration varies from black, grey, or purplish, relieved by rufous and white, to brilliant blue, purple, or green, with the quills only black, or with further yellow, chestnut, and exceptionally scarlet, decorations. Uniform black, or olive and brown hues are unusual, save in females, which, however, are often bright green, with the addition of a little blue or yellow." A. H. Evans, 1900

Sugarbird

"Certhiola flaveola, the Sugar-bird, coloration varies from black, grey, or purplish, relieved by rufous…

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows one to two feet, and has an open panicle. The leaves are almost bristle like. The palea is blackish and nearly as long as the glumes. It is a prairie grass common to Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and the south.

Black Oat Grass

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows…

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows one to two feet, and has an open panicle. The leaves are almost bristle like. The palea is blackish and nearly as long as the glumes. It is a prairie grass common to Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and the south. The upper palea and its bent and twisted awn is seen here.

Black Oat Grass

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows…

John Brown's Fort (the engine house) from John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry. Brown led a group of 21 men in a raid on the Arsenal on October 16, 1859 in order to initiate a slave uprising throughout the South. The raid was unsuccessful but was a catalyst for the Civil War.

John Brown's Fort in Harpers Ferry

John Brown's Fort (the engine house) from John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry. Brown led a group of 21…

A political cartoon of the Southern states being built from the ruins after the Civil War.

Southern Republic Built from the Ruins

A political cartoon of the Southern states being built from the ruins after the Civil War.

Jefferson Finis Davis (1808 – 1889) served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history of 1861 – 1865 during the American Civil War. After the war, Davis was captured in 1865 and charged with treason. Though not convicted, he was stripped of his eligibility to run for public office.

Jefferson Davis

Jefferson Finis Davis (1808 – 1889) served as President of the Confederate States of America for…

Ambrose Everett Burnside (1824 - 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island, serving as governor and a U.S. Senator. Burnside was a Union Army general in the Civil War and conducted campaigns in North Carolina and East Tennessee but was defeated in the Battle of Fredericksburg and Battle of the Crater. The term "sideburns" is derived from his last name and his distinctive style of facial hair.

General Ambrose Everett Burnside

Ambrose Everett Burnside (1824 - 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist,…

Judah Philip Benjamin (1811 - 1884) was an American politician and lawyer. Benjamin was the first Attorney General of the Confederacy on February 25, 1861. He is often referred to as "the brains of the Confederacy."

Judah Philip Benjamin

Judah Philip Benjamin (1811 - 1884) was an American politician and lawyer. Benjamin was the first Attorney…

Landing at the Battle of New Bern, also known as the Battle of New Berne or Battle of Newbern which was fought on March 14, 1862 near the city of New Bern, North Carolina. This battle was part of the Burnside Expedition of the Civil War.

Battle of New Bern

Landing at the Battle of New Bern, also known as the Battle of New Berne or Battle of Newbern which…

The Battle of South Mountain, also known as the Battle of Boonsboro Gap, fought on September 14, 1862 as part of the Maryland Campaign of the Civil War.

Battle of South Mountain

The Battle of South Mountain, also known as the Battle of Boonsboro Gap, fought on September 14, 1862…

Southern claims before Congress; the solid South change policy.

Southern Claims Before Congress

Southern claims before Congress; the solid South change policy.

Rutherford B. Hayes' policies strengthening the "Solid South" with the Republican Lamb being eaten by the Democratic Tiger.

Republican Lamb Eaten by Democratic Tiger

Rutherford B. Hayes' policies strengthening the "Solid South" with the Republican Lamb being eaten by…

The Queen of Industry, or the New South.

Southern Industry

The Queen of Industry, or the New South.

An illustration of a man standing in front of the Army insignia.

Military Man with Army Insignia

An illustration of a man standing in front of the Army insignia.

Along the south shore of Lake Superior is a sandstone once regarded as belonging to the Potsdam, but probably, in part , of the age of the Calciferous, in which we search in vain for any of those fossil remains so common in Minnesota. Whaterver its geological age, the Lake Superior sandstone is a formation of remarkable interest. This section across Lake Superior shows (a) water level. (b) trap outburst north of the lake, (c) trap outburst forming Isle Royale, (d) trap outburst forming Kewenaw Point, (e) Lake Superior sandstone and conglomerate. Eözoic and other rocks underlying the sandstone (f).

Sandstone

Along the south shore of Lake Superior is a sandstone once regarded as belonging to the Potsdam, but…

The gars, or garpikes, are members of the Lepisosteiformes (or Semionotiformes), an ancient order of "primitive" ray-finned fish. Fossil gars are found in Europe, South America, and North America, indicating that in times past these fish had a wider distribution than they do today. Gars are considered to be a remnant of a group of rather primitive bony fish that flourished in the Mesozoic, and are most closely related to the bowfin, another archaic fish now found only in North America.

Garpikes Fish

The gars, or garpikes, are members of the Lepisosteiformes (or Semionotiformes), an ancient order of…

The spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) is a primitive freshwater fish of the family Lepisosteidae, native to North America from the Lake Erie and southern Lake Michigan drainages south through the Mississippi River basin to Gulf Slope drainages, from lower Apalachicola River in Florida to Nueces River in Texas, USA. It has a profusion of dark spots on the body, head and fins. It occurs in quiet, clear pools and backwaters of lowland creeks, small to large rivers, oxbow lakes, swamps and sloughs. It occasionally enters brackish waters. The fish is a voracious predator feeding on various kinds of fishes and crustaceans. They are notable for being one of the few extant fish species with ganoid scales.

Garpikes Fish

The spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) is a primitive freshwater fish of the family Lepisosteidae, native…

Cataract Creek rises on the slopes of Mount Bullengarook and drains across the lava flow towards the south to join Pyrites Creek. Upper Cataract Creek, near Big Canon, Colorado.

Cataract Creek

Cataract Creek rises on the slopes of Mount Bullengarook and drains across the lava flow towards the…

"Glossophaga nigra. GLOSSOPHAGA. A genus of South American phyllostomine bats. These bats are provided with a very long, slender, extensile tongue, brushy at the end ... the tongue being used to lick out the soft pulp of fruits." -Whitney, 1911

Leaf-Nosed Bat

"Glossophaga nigra. GLOSSOPHAGA. A genus of South American phyllostomine bats. These bats are provided…

"Grallaria rex. GRALLARIA. A genus of formicarian passerine birds, a leading group of South American ant-thrushes." -Whitney, 1911

Antpitta

"Grallaria rex. GRALLARIA. A genus of formicarian passerine birds, a leading group of South American…

The Oilbird or Guacharo (Steatornis caripensis) is a bird in the Steatornithidae family, related to the nightjars.

Oilbird

The Oilbird or Guacharo (Steatornis caripensis) is a bird in the Steatornithidae family, related to…

"Flowering branch of Guaco (Mikania guaco). GUACO. The Mikania Guaco, a climbing composite of tropical America; also a medicinal substance consisting of, or an aromatic bitter obtained from, the leaves of this plant." -Whitney, 1911

Guaco Branch

"Flowering branch of Guaco (Mikania guaco). GUACO. The Mikania Guaco, a climbing composite of tropical…

The Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is a mammal in the Camelidae family of even-toed ungulates. It is a South American animal that shares the genus Lama with the llama and was once known as the synonym Auchenia huanaco.

Guanaco

The Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is a mammal in the Camelidae family of even-toed ungulates. It is a South…

Color flag of American Samoa. Blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa.

Flag of American Samoa, 2009

Color flag of American Samoa. Blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side…

Black and white outline flag of American Samoa. Blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa

Flag of American Samoa, 2009

Black and white outline flag of American Samoa. Blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based…

Color flag of Morocco. Red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian gulf; design dates to 1912.

Flag of Morocco, 2009

Color flag of Morocco. Red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's)…

Black and white outline flag of Morocco. Red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian gulf; design dates to 1912

Flag of Morocco, 2009

Black and white outline flag of Morocco. Red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known…

Color flag of Slovenia. Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries); the seal is in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands.

Flag of Slovenia, 2009

Color flag of Slovenia. Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, with the Slovenian…

Black and white outline flag of Slovenia. Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries); the seal is in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands

Flag of Slovenia, 2009

Black and white outline flag of Slovenia. Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red,…

Color flag of South Africa. Two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band that splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes.

Flag of South Africa, 2009

Color flag of South Africa. Two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central…

Black and white outline flag of South Africa. Two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band that splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes

Flag of South Africa, 2009

Black and white outline flag of South Africa. Two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue…

Color illustration of a 13 Star United States flag. The original 13 stars represent the states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island. This flag was in use from June 14, 1777 until May 1, 1795.

13 Star United States Flag, 1776

Color illustration of a 13 Star United States flag. The original 13 stars represent the states of Delaware,…

Color illustration of a 43 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington. This flag was in use from July 04, 1890 until July 3, 1891.

43 Star United States Flag, 1890

Color illustration of a 43 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Idaho,…

Black line illustration of a 13 Star United States flag. The original 13 stars represent the states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island. This flag was in use from June 14, 1777 until May 1, 1795.

13 Star United States Flag, 1776

Black line illustration of a 13 Star United States flag. The original 13 stars represent the states…

Black line illustration of a 43 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington. This flag was in use from July 04, 1890 until July 3, 1891.

43 Star United States Flag, 1890

Black line illustration of a 43 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of…

"Upper parts, central tail-feathers, and much edging of the wings, clear ashy-blue; whole crown, nape, and back of the neck, glossy black. Under parts, including sides of neck and head to above eyes, dull white, more or less marked on the flanks and crissum with rusty-brown. Wings and their coverts blackish, much edged as already said, and with an oblique bar of white on the outer webs of the primaries white; under wing-coverts mostly blackish; bold bluish and black variegation of the inner secondaries. Tail, excepting the two middle feathers, black, each feather marked with white in increasing amount, the outer web of the lateral feather being mostly white. Bill blackish-plumbeous, pale at the base below. Feet dark brown. Iris brown." Elliot Coues, 1884

White-Breasted Nuthatch

"Upper parts, central tail-feathers, and much edging of the wings, clear ashy-blue; whole crown, nape,…

"Carolina Wren. Upper parts uniform reddish-brown, brightest on the rump, where are concealed whitish spots; a long whitish superciliary line, usually bordered with dusky streaks; upper surfaces of wings and tail like back, barred with dusky, the outer edges of the primaries and lateral tail-feathers showing whitish spots. Below, rusty or muddy whitish, clearest anteriorly, deepening behind, the under tail-coverts reddish-brown barred with blackish. Wing-coverts usually with dusky and whitish tips. Feet livid flesh-colored." Elliot Coues, 1884

Carolina Wren

"Carolina Wren. Upper parts uniform reddish-brown, brightest on the rump, where are concealed whitish…

"Relative positions of the earth and the sun on June 21, the summer solstice. Summer and long days north of the Equator; winter and short days south of it." -Wiswell, 1913

Summer Solstice

"Relative positions of the earth and the sun on June 21, the summer solstice. Summer and long days north…

"Relative positions of the earth and the sun on December 21, the winter solstice. Winter and short days north of the Equator; summer and long days south of it. 1, North Frigid Zone; 2, North Temperate Zone; 3, Torrid Zone; 4, South Temperate Zone; 5, South Frigid Zone." -Wiswell, 1913

Winter Solstice

"Relative positions of the earth and the sun on December 21, the winter solstice. Winter and short days…

"Relative positions of the earth and the sun on March 21 (spring equinox) and September 21 (autumn equinox) as seen from the position occupied by the earth on June 21 (summer solstice). Rays of light and heat meet the earth vertically on the Equator, and the days and nights are everywhere of equal length." -Wiswell, 1913

Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox

"Relative positions of the earth and the sun on March 21 (spring equinox) and September 21 (autumn equinox)…

Macaws are small to large, often colorful New World parrots. Macaws are native to Mexico, Central America, South America, and formerly the Caribbean. Most species are associated with forest, especially rainforest, but others prefer woodland or savanna-like habitats.

Macaw on Branch

Macaws are small to large, often colorful New World parrots. Macaws are native to Mexico, Central America,…

An illustration of flowering plant of the Canadian mayflower, flower (a), and fruit (b). Maianthemum canadense (Canadian May-lily, Canada Mayflower, False Lily-of-the-valley, Canadian Lily-of-the-valley, Twoleaved Solomonseal) is a dominant understory perennial flowering plant in the family Ruscaceae, native to the sub-boreal conifer forests in Canada and the northern United States, from Yukon and British Columbia east to Newfoundland and south to Nebraska and Pennsylvania, and also in the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia. It can be found growing under both evergreen and deciduous trees.

Canada Mayflower

An illustration of flowering plant of the Canadian mayflower, flower (a), and fruit (b). Maianthemum…

The Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), probably the best-known and most recognizable of all ducks, is a dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and sub-tropical areas of North America, Europe, Asia, New Zealand (where it is currently the most common duck species), and Australia. It is strongly migratory in the northern parts of its breeding range, and winters farther south. For example, in North America it winters south to Mexico, but also regularly strays into Central America and the Caribbean between September and May

Mallard Duck

The Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), probably the best-known and most recognizable of all ducks, is a dabbling…

The White-bearded Manakin, Manacus manacus, is a small passerine bird which breeds in tropical South America. It is found from Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad south to Bolivia and northern Argentina.

White-bearded Manakin

The White-bearded Manakin, Manacus manacus, is a small passerine bird which breeds in tropical South…

An illustration of a manchineel tree stem and fruit. The Manchineel tree (Hippomane mancinella) is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), native to Florida in the United States, the Bahamas, the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America. The name "manchineel" (sometimes written "manchioneel") as well as the specific epithet mancinella is from Spanish manzanilla ("little apple"), from the superficial resemblance of its fruit and leaves those of an apple tree. A present-day Spanish name is in fact manzanilla de la muerte, "little apple of death". This refers to the fact that manzanilla is one of the most poisonous trees in the world

Manchineel Tree Stem & Fruit

An illustration of a manchineel tree stem and fruit. The Manchineel tree (Hippomane mancinella) is a…

The mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota) is a species of tree that is native to southern Mexico. Today, the tree is cultivated not only in Mexico, but also in Central America, the Caribbean, and South Florida for its fruit, which is commonly eaten in many Latin American countries.

Mamey Sapote Branch & Fruit

The mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota) is a species of tree that is native to southern Mexico. Today, the…

"Ampelis cedrorum. Cedar Waxwing. Carolina Waxwing. Cedar-bird. Cherry Bird. General color shading from clear pure ash on the upper tail-coverts and rump through olivaceous-cinnamon into a richer and somewhat purplish-cinnamon on the foreparts and head. On the under parts, the color shades through yellowish on the belly into white on the under tail-coverts. There is no demarcation of color whatever, and the tints are scarcely susceptible of adequate description. Frontlet, lores, and stripe through the eye, velvety-black; chin the same, soon shading into the color of the breast. A sharp white line on the side of the under jaw; a narrower one bordering the black frontlet and lores; lower eyelid white. quills of the wings slate-gray, blackening at the ends, paler along the edges of the inner webs; without white or yellow markings, as a rule; inner quills tipped with red horny appendages. Tail-feathers like the primaries, but tipped with yellow, and sometimes also showing red horny appendages. Bill plumbeous-black, sometimes paler at base; feet black." Elliot Coues, 1884

Cedar Waxwing

"Ampelis cedrorum. Cedar Waxwing. Carolina Waxwing. Cedar-bird. Cherry Bird. General color shading from…