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"Siege of Petersburg- the Ninth Corps charging on the enemy's works after the explosion of the mine, July 30th, 1864. Immediately after the explosion of the mine a hundred cannons opened along the Federal front, and at half-past five the Ninth Corps charged, carrying the fort with a part of the line on each side. The Second Division, which was in the centre, advanced and carried the second line a short distance beyond the fort, and rested, holding ground with the utmost determination. It was at the time the [African American] Division, under General White, was pushed forward and ordered to charge and carry the crest of the hill, which would have decided the contest. The troops advanced in good order as far as the first line, where they received a galling fire, which checked them, and although quite a number kept on advancing, the greater number seemed to become utterly demoralized, part taking refuge in the fort, and the remainder running to the rear as fast as possible. They were rallied and again pushed forward, but without success, the greater part of the officers being killed or wounded."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Siege of Petersburg

"Siege of Petersburg- the Ninth Corps charging on the enemy's works after the explosion of the mine,…

"Siege of Petersburg- the Ninth Corps charging on the enemy's works after the explosion of the mine, July 30th, 1864. Immediately after the explosion of the mine a hundred cannons opened along the Federal front, and at half-past five the Ninth Corps charged, carrying the fort with a part of the line on each side. The Second Division, which was in the centre, advanced and carried the second line a short distance beyond the fort, and rested, holding ground with the utmost determination. It was at the time the [African American] Division, under General White, was pushed forward and ordered to charge and carry the crest of the hill, which would have decided the contest. The troops advanced in good order as far as the first line, where they received a galling fire, which checked them, and although quite a number kept on advancing, the greater number seemed to become utterly demoralized, part taking refuge in the fort, and the remainder running to the rear as fast as possible. They were rallied and again pushed forward, but without success, the greater part of the officers being killed or wounded."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Siege of Petersburg

"Siege of Petersburg- the Ninth Corps charging on the enemy's works after the explosion of the mine,…

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis in front of the fortifications near Green River. Our correspondent reports of this battle: 'At five o'clock the Confederates were seen forming in front of our rifle pits, and soon, from the cover of the woods and abatis, began the engagement by a rapid fire of musketry. It was plainly seen that a disposition of our men was being made by Colonel Wilder to repel the attack anticipated on the left, and, thinking it a favorable hour, the Confederate force made a desperate assault on our right. This was made by a Mississippi and a Georgia regiment. The assault was led by the colonel of the Mississippi regiment, and he died for his daring. The major of the same regiment was wounded and taken prisoner. The newly formed Confederate right marched from the woods in splendid order, with ranks apparently full. When they appeared over the brow of the hill it was at a double-quick; all pushed on with desperate courage, to meet resistance not the less desperate. With grape from the artillery and a shower of balls from the musketry they were met and moved down; but they never faltered; and it was only when they sprang on the breastworks and were met with the bayonet that they fell back, leaving the field strewn with their dead and dying. After a momentary struggle on the breastworks the whole Confederate force broke into disorder and fled from the field.'" —Leslie, 1896

Battle of Munfordville

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis…

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis in front of the fortifications near Green River. Our correspondent reports of this battle: 'At five o'clock the Confederates were seen forming in front of our rifle pits, and soon, from the cover of the woods and abatis, began the engagement by a rapid fire of musketry. It was plainly seen that a disposition of our men was being made by Colonel Wilder to repel the attack anticipated on the left, and, thinking it a favorable hour, the Confederate force made a desperate assault on our right. This was made by a Mississippi and a Georgia regiment. The assault was led by the colonel of the Mississippi regiment, and he died for his daring. The major of the same regiment was wounded and taken prisoner. The newly formed Confederate right marched from the woods in splendid order, with ranks apparently full. When they appeared over the brow of the hill it was at a double-quick; all pushed on with desperate courage, to meet resistance not the less desperate. With grape from the artillery and a shower of balls from the musketry they were met and moved down; but they never faltered; and it was only when they sprang on the breastworks and were met with the bayonet that they fell back, leaving the field strewn with their dead and dying. After a momentary struggle on the breastworks the whole Confederate force broke into disorder and fled from the field.'" —Leslie, 1896

Battle of Munfordville

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis…

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis in front of the fortifications near Green River. Our correspondent reports of this battle: 'At five o'clock the Confederates were seen forming in front of our rifle pits, and soon, from the cover of the woods and abatis, began the engagement by a rapid fire of musketry. It was plainly seen that a disposition of our men was being made by Colonel Wilder to repel the attack anticipated on the left, and, thinking it a favorable hour, the Confederate force made a desperate assault on our right. This was made by a Mississippi and a Georgia regiment. The assault was led by the colonel of the Mississippi regiment, and he died for his daring. The major of the same regiment was wounded and taken prisoner. The newly formed Confederate right marched from the woods in splendid order, with ranks apparently full. When they appeared over the brow of the hill it was at a double-quick; all pushed on with desperate courage, to meet resistance not the less desperate. With grape from the artillery and a shower of balls from the musketry they were met and moved down; but they never faltered; and it was only when they sprang on the breastworks and were met with the bayonet that they fell back, leaving the field strewn with their dead and dying. After a momentary struggle on the breastworks the whole Confederate force broke into disorder and fled from the field.'" —Leslie, 1896

Battle of Munfordville

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis…

"Picture of a hand with a gun at the Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis in front of the fortifications near Green River. Our correspondent reports of this battle: 'At five o'clock the Confederates were seen forming in front of our rifle pits, and soon, from the cover of the woods and abatis, began the engagement by a rapid fire of musketry. It was plainly seen that a disposition of our men was being made by Colonel Wilder to repel the attack anticipated on the left, and, thinking it a favorable hour, the Confederate force made a desperate assault on our right. This was made by a Mississippi and a Georgia regiment. The assault was led by the colonel of the Mississippi regiment, and he died for his daring. The major of the same regiment was wounded and taken prisoner. The newly formed Confederate right marched from the woods in splendid order, with ranks apparently full. When they appeared over the brow of the hill it was at a double-quick; all pushed on with desperate courage, to meet resistance not the less desperate. With grape from the artillery and a shower of balls from the musketry they were met and moved down; but they never faltered; and it was only when they sprang on the breastworks and were met with the bayonet that they fell back, leaving the field strewn with their dead and dying. After a momentary struggle on the breastworks the whole Confederate force broke into disorder and fled from the field.'" —Leslie, 1896

Hand with Gun

"Picture of a hand with a gun at the Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the…

"Battle at Dam No. 4, Potomac River, between Butterfield's brigade and a large Confederate force. A desperate and disastrous action occurred on the banks of the Potomac, at Dam No. 4. General Butterfield's brigade, consisting of the Forty-fourth New York, Seventeenth New York, Eighteenth Massachusetts and One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania, were ordered to make a reconnoissance on the Virginia side. Crossing over at Dam No. 4, which is about six miles northwest in a straight line from Sharpsburg, and eight south from Williamsport, they had hardly landed when a most murderous fire was opened upon them from an entire division of the Confederate army, every volley of which told, as they had the Federals completely under range. The Federals made a desperate resistance, but they were compelled to retire before superior numbers, and retreated in moderate order across the river." —Leslie, 1896

Battle at Dam No. 4

"Battle at Dam No. 4, Potomac River, between Butterfield's brigade and a large Confederate force. A…

"Battle at Dam No. 4, Potomac River, between Butterfield's brigade and a large Confederate force. A desperate and disastrous action occurred on the banks of the Potomac, at Dam No. 4. General Butterfield's brigade, consisting of the Forty-fourth New York, Seventeenth New York, Eighteenth Massachusetts and One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania, were ordered to make a reconnoissance on the Virginia side. Crossing over at Dam No. 4, which is about six miles northwest in a straight line from Sharpsburg, and eight south from Williamsport, they had hardly landed when a most murderous fire was opened upon them from an entire division of the Confederate army, every volley of which told, as they had the Federals completely under range. The Federals made a desperate resistance, but they were compelled to retire before superior numbers, and retreated in moderate order across the river." —Leslie, 1896

Battle at Dam No. 4

"Battle at Dam No. 4, Potomac River, between Butterfield's brigade and a large Confederate force. A…

"Battle of Chancellorsville, Sunday, May 3rd, 1863. General Hooker repulsing the attack of the enemy. Early on May 3rd, Stuart renewed the attack upon Hooker's force, with the battle cry, 'Charge and remember Jackson!' and the advance was made with such impetuosity that in a short time he was in possession of the crest from which the Eleventh Corps had been driven the preceding day. No time was lost in crowning that eminence with all the heavy artillery obtainable, and as soon as this could be made to play upon the Federal lines a charge was successively ordered upon the position held by Generals Berry and French, both of whom were supported by the divisions of Williams and Whipple. After a severe struggle the Confederates succeeded in capturing the high ground where the Federals had posted some more heavy artillery, and in turning the latter upon the Federals, who soon had to fall back to their second and third lines of intrenchments. The Confederates followed close upon them, and made charge after charge in order to capture the new positions, but unayailingly and when re-enforcements arrived from Meade's corps they were forced to abadon the attack."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Chancellorsville

"Battle of Chancellorsville, Sunday, May 3rd, 1863. General Hooker repulsing the attack of the enemy.…

"Battle of Chancellorsville, Sunday, May 3rd, 1863. General Hooker repulsing the attack of the enemy. Early on May 3rd, Stuart renewed the attack upon Hooker's force, with the battle cry, 'Charge and remember Jackson!' and the advance was made with such impetuosity that in a short time he was in possession of the crest from which the Eleventh Corps had been driven the preceding day. No time was lost in crowning that eminence with all the heavy artillery obtainable, and as soon as this could be made to play upon the Federal lines a charge was successively ordered upon the position held by Generals Berry and French, both of whom were supported by the divisions of Williams and Whipple. After a severe struggle the Confederates succeeded in capturing the high ground where the Federals had posted some more heavy artillery, and in turning the latter upon the Federals, who soon had to fall back to their second and third lines of intrenchments. The Confederates followed close upon them, and made charge after charge in order to capture the new positions, but unayailingly and when re-enforcements arrived from Meade's corps they were forced to abadon the attack."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Chancellorsville

"Battle of Chancellorsville, Sunday, May 3rd, 1863. General Hooker repulsing the attack of the enemy.…

"Battle of Chancellorsville, Sunday, May 3rd, 1863. General Hooker repulsing the attack of the enemy. Early on May 3rd, Stuart renewed the attack upon Hooker's force, with the battle cry, 'Charge and remember Jackson!' and the advance was made with such impetuosity that in a short time he was in possession of the crest from which the Eleventh Corps had been driven the preceding day. No time was lost in crowning that eminence with all the heavy artillery obtainable, and as soon as this could be made to play upon the Federal lines a charge was successively ordered upon the position held by Generals Berry and French, both of whom were supported by the divisions of Williams and Whipple. After a severe struggle the Confederates succeeded in capturing the high ground where the Federals had posted some more heavy artillery, and in turning the latter upon the Federals, who soon had to fall back to their second and third lines of intrenchments. The Confederates followed close upon them, and made charge after charge in order to capture the new positions, but unayailingly and when re-enforcements arrived from Meade's corps they were forced to abadon the attack."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Chancellorsville

"Battle of Chancellorsville, Sunday, May 3rd, 1863. General Hooker repulsing the attack of the enemy.…

"The Apollo Room. The room used for public meetings is in the rear building of the old Raleigh tavern at Williamsburg, and up to the day of my visit it had remained unaltered. Carpenters were then at work remodeling its style, for the purpose of making it a ball-room; and now, I suppose, that apartment, hallowed by so many associations connected with our war for independence, has scarcely an original feature left. Had my visit been deferred a day longer, the style of the room could never have been portrayed. Neat wainscoting of Virginia pine ornamented the sides below and partly between the windows, and over the fire-place, which was spacious. This view is from the entrance door from the front portion of the building. On the left were two large windows; on the right were two windows and a door; and on each side of the fire-place was a door opening into small passage ways, from the exterior. Through the door on the left is seen a flight of stairs leading to the dormitory. The walls were whitewashed, and the wood-work painted a lead color. In this room the leading patriots of Virginia, including Washington, held many secret caucuses, and planned many schemes for the overthrow of royal rule in the colonies. The sound of the hammer and saw engaged in the work of change seemed to me like actual desecration; for the Raleigh tavern, and the Apollo room are to Virginia, relatively, what Faneuil Hall is to Massachusetts."—Lossing, 1851

Apollo Room

"The Apollo Room. The room used for public meetings is in the rear building of the old Raleigh tavern…

"The Nelson Mansion. This view is from the street looking northwest. A long wooden building, with steep roof and dormer windows, a portion of which is seen on the left, is also a relic of the Revolutionary era. It, too, was much damaged by the bombardment. A few feet from the door of Mr. Nelson's dwelling is a fine laurel-tree. On the occasion of La Fayette's visit to Yorktown in 1824, a large concourse of people were assembled; branches were taken from this laurel-tree, woven into a civic crown, and placed upon that of Preserved Fish, who accompanied him, remarked that none in all that company was better entitled to wear the mark of honor than he."—Lossing, 1851

Nelson Mansion

"The Nelson Mansion. This view is from the street looking northwest. A long wooden building, with steep…

"A suborder of the natural order <em> Conifer&aelig;</em>, distinguished by bearing strobiles (cones) with two inverted ovules at the base of each scale, which become ovules at the base of each scale, which become winged samaroid seeds."-Wright, 1902

Abietineæ

"A suborder of the natural order Coniferæ, distinguished by bearing strobiles (cones)…

"Washington's head-quarters. I was informed by the venerable Anna van Antwerp, about a fortnight before her death, in the autumn of 1851, that Washington made his head-quarters, on first entering the city, at the spacious house (half of which is yet standing at 180 Pearl Street, opposite Cedar Street), delineated in the engraving. The large window, with no arch, toward the right, indicates the center of the original building. It is of brick, stuccoed, and roofed with tiles. There Washington remained until sommoned to visit Congress at Philadelphia, toward the last of May. On his return, he went to the Kennedy House, No. 1 Broadway, where he remained until the evacuation in September."—Lossing, 1851

Washington's Head-Quarters

"Washington's head-quarters. I was informed by the venerable Anna van Antwerp, about a fortnight before…

"Martin Luther was born at Eisleben in 1483. He was the son of a poor miner, had entered the Augustinian order, and had become professor of theology at Wittenberg. In the course of his studies he had come to question the practice of the Church in regard to the whole system of penance. Up to this time, however, he had made no open protest, but Tetzel's course in Germany impelled him to public opposition. In 1517 he nailed to the church door at Wittenberg ninety-five theses or propositions, appealing to men's consciences against the practice of 'selling forgiveness.' The widespread discontent in Germany gave to these theses an instant publicity. They were printed and scattered broadcast throughout the country. In them Luther showed no intention to break with the authority of the Roman Catholic Churrch. They were merely propositions for dispute, and he nailed them on the Church door as a challenge to any disuputant who might be willing to argue against them. disputants soon appeared, and the first thing they did was to appeal to the authority of the Church. This led Luther, at first, to question and finally to deny the authority of the Church, as resting not on a divine but on a human basis. He said that the Church was not the source of divine truth, and that the Bible was the sole source. The Reformation now entered on its first phase."—Colby, 1899

Martin Luther

"Martin Luther was born at Eisleben in 1483. He was the son of a poor miner, had entered the Augustinian…

"An order of the class Arachinida, includes those insects, as the mites, ticks, itch-insects, etc., which are without a definite line of demarktationbetween the unsegmented abdomen appearing united in one."-Whitney, 1902

Acarida

"An order of the class Arachinida, includes those insects, as the mites, ticks, itch-insects, etc.,…

"An order of the class Infusoria, the adult members of which have no cilia and no proper mouth, and are non-locomotive." -Whitney, 1902

Acinetæ

"An order of the class Infusoria, the adult members of which have no cilia and no proper mouth, and…

"Æluropus melanoleucus- A remarkable genus of carnivorous quadrupdes of the arctoid series of the order Feræ, connecting to the true bears with ælurus and other genera."-Whitney, 1902

Giant Panda

"Æluropus melanoleucus- A remarkable genus of carnivorous quadrupdes of the arctoid series of the order…

"Feather from Argus Pheasant. (a,d, main stem; d, calamus; a, rachis; c,c,c, vanes cut away on right side in order not to interfere with view of b, the aftershaft, the whole of the left vane of which is like-wise cut away."-Whitney, 1902

Pheasant Feather

"Feather from Argus Pheasant. (a,d, main stem; d, calamus; a, rachis; c,c,c, vanes cut away on right…

"Agama brachyura-A family of saurian reptiles, order LAcertilia, superfamily Agamoidea."-Whitney, 1902

Agama

"Agama brachyura-A family of saurian reptiles, order LAcertilia, superfamily Agamoidea."-Whitney, 1902

"The species of the genus <em>Clio</em>, belonging to this order, exist in prodigious numbers in the Arctic and Antarctic seas. So great, in fact, is their abundance, that although they do no exceed an inch in length, they furnish a great part of the food of the whale-bone fishes." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Clio borealis

"The species of the genus Clio, belonging to this order, exist in prodigious numbers in the…

"Century-plant. A large North American genus of plants, of the natural order Amaryllidace&aelig;, chiefly Mexican."-Whitney, 1902

Agave

"Century-plant. A large North American genus of plants, of the natural order Amaryllidaceæ, chiefly…

"The popular name of shrubs and trees belonging to the geenus Alnus, natural order Cupulifer&aelig;."-Whitney, 1902

Alder

"The popular name of shrubs and trees belonging to the geenus Alnus, natural order Cupuliferæ."-Whitney,…

"Of genus Amaryllis- A genus of bulbous plants, natural order amaryllidac&aelig;, with large, bright colored, lily-shaped flowers upon a stout scape."-Whitney, 1902

Belladonna Lily

"Of genus Amaryllis- A genus of bulbous plants, natural order amaryllidacæ, with large, bright…

"A genus of mosses constituting the natural order Andre&aelig;ace&aelig;."-Whitdney, 1902

Andreæa

"A genus of mosses constituting the natural order Andreæaceæ."-Whitdney, 1902

"Aard-vark is a burrowing insect-eating animal of the order Edentata found in South Africa. The name 'pig' is given to it from the shape of its snout. It is about 5 feet long, with a thin tapering tail, and long upright ears. It is nocturnal in its habits and very timid. Its flesh is considered a delicacy."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Aardvark

"Aard-vark is a burrowing insect-eating animal of the order Edentata found in South Africa. The name…

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphidid&aelig; and order Homoptera."-Whitney, 1902

Geranium Plant Louse

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphididæ and order Homoptera."-Whitney,…

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphidid&aelig; and order Homoptera."-Whitney, 1902

Apple Louse

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphididæ and order Homoptera."-Whitney,…

"This term is derived from the Greek <em>lepis</em>, a scale, and <em>ptera</em>, wings, and refers to the scales on the wings of moths and butterflies, those insects constituting the order." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Lepidoptera

"This term is derived from the Greek lepis, a scale, and ptera, wings, and refers…

"Bat is the common name of all animals of the class mammalia which are furnished with true wings, and so are capable of really flying or propelling themselves in the air. Bats are now generally placed by naturalists in the order cheiroptera, although, like many other animals of that great order, most of them are by no means exclusively carnivorous. Upward of 130 species have been described, and there is great probability that the actual number existing is very much greater."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Long-Eared Bat

"Bat is the common name of all animals of the class mammalia which are furnished with true wings, and…

"Order of the Bath, in heraldry, etc., an order of knighthood, so called because the recipients of the honor were required formerly to bathe the evening before their creation. It was instituted by Henry IV. in 1399, and, falling into disuse, was revived by George I. in 1725."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Badge, Order of Bath

"Order of the Bath, in heraldry, etc., an order of knighthood, so called because the recipients of the…

"The Beaver is a quadruped of the order Rodentia, or gnawers, the only species of its genus. It is very widely distributed, being found in the N. parts of Europe, Asia, and America, nowadays most abundantly in the N. and thinly peopled parts of North America, dwelling in communities on the banks of rivers and lakes."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Beaver

"The Beaver is a quadruped of the order Rodentia, or gnawers, the only species of its genus. It is very…

"Begonia is an extensive genus of succulent-stemmed herbaceous plants, order Begoniace&aelig;, with fleshy oblique leaves of various colors, and showy unisexual flowers, the whole perianth colored. They readily hybridize, and many fine varieties have been raised from the tuberous-rooted kinds. From the shape of their leaves they have been called elephant's ear. Almost all the plants of the order are tropical."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Begonia Rex

"Begonia is an extensive genus of succulent-stemmed herbaceous plants, order Begoniaceæ, with…

"This order, sometimes called the <em>Pedipalpi</em>, or <em>feet-feelers</em>, and which derives its name from the Greek <em>polus</em>, many <em>mera</em>, divisions, and <em>somata</em>, bodies, includes two families, the first of which is the <em>Scorpiondae</em>, characterized by their elongated tail-like abdomen, armed at its extremity with a sort of hooked claw, which, when the creatures are in motion, is always carried over the back in a most threatening attitude." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Scorpion

"This order, sometimes called the Pedipalpi, or feet-feelers, and which derives its…

"The Common Barnacle, <em>Lepas anatifera</em>, perhaps the best-known example of the order, generally selects floating objects for this purpose, and frequently covers the bottoms of ships to such an extent as to even impede their progress through the water. It adheres by a flexible stalk, which possesses great contractile power. The shell is usually composed of two triangular pieces on each side, and is closed by another elongated piece on the back." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Barnacles

"The Common Barnacle, Lepas anatifera, perhaps the best-known example of the order, generally…

"The animals belonging to this order, of which the <em>Common Leech</em> is a familiar example, are characterized by the total deficiency of any lateral appendages, their motions being effected by undulations of the body while swimming, or by the alternate attachment of the sucking discs with which the two extremities of their bodies are usually furnished." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Leech

"The animals belonging to this order, of which the Common Leech is a familiar example, are…

"Chameleon is a genus of reptiles belonging to the Saurian or lizard-like order, a native of parts of Asia and Africa. The very remarkable power which these animals possess of changing their color, at a very early period called the attention of observers to their habits. Its skin is composed of a sort of small, scaly grains, and under ordinary circumstances is of a greenish gray color. The eyes are capable of moving independently of each other, taking different directions at the same moment."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Head of Chameleon

"Chameleon is a genus of reptiles belonging to the Saurian or lizard-like order, a native of parts of…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Plant

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Flower

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Flower

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"The Doric Order is, in architecture, the second of the five orders, being that between the Tuscan and Ionic."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Grecian Doric Capital

"The Doric Order is, in architecture, the second of the five orders, being that between the Tuscan and…

"The Doric Order is, in architecture, the second of the five orders, being that between the Tuscan and Ionic."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Grecian Doric Capital

"The Doric Order is, in architecture, the second of the five orders, being that between the Tuscan and…

"The Doric Order is, in architecture, the second of the five orders, being that between the Tuscan and Ionic."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Grecian Doric Capital

"The Doric Order is, in architecture, the second of the five orders, being that between the Tuscan and…

"The Dugong is an herbivorous mammal, belonging to the Manatees. It ranges from 10 to 20 feet in length. The color is a slaty-brown or bluish-black above and whitish below. They yield a clear oil of the best quality, free from all objectionable smell."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Dugong

"The Dugong is an herbivorous mammal, belonging to the Manatees. It ranges from 10 to 20 feet in length.…

"A Frieze, in architecture, is that portion of the entablature which is between the architrave and the cornice. It was generally adorned with triglyphs in the Doric order. The term frieze was also applied to a broad band of sculpture, in low relief, that was frequently placed round the cella of a Grecian temple, immediately under the ceiling of the portico, and completely surrounding the exterior."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Drontheim Frieze

"A Frieze, in architecture, is that portion of the entablature which is between the architrave and the…

"A Frieze, in architecture, is that portion of the entablature which is between the architrave and the cornice. It was generally adorned with triglyphs in the Doric order. The term frieze was also applied to a broad band of sculpture, in low relief, that was frequently placed round the cella of a Grecian temple, immediately under the ceiling of the portico, and completely surrounding the exterior."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Roman-Doric Frieze

"A Frieze, in architecture, is that portion of the entablature which is between the architrave and the…

"A Frieze, in architecture, is that portion of the entablature which is between the architrave and the cornice. It was generally adorned with triglyphs in the Doric order. The term frieze was also applied to a broad band of sculpture, in low relief, that was frequently placed round the cella of a Grecian temple, immediately under the ceiling of the portico, and completely surrounding the exterior."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Roman-Doric Frieze

"A Frieze, in architecture, is that portion of the entablature which is between the architrave and the…

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers partly to the form of their body, partly to their leaping powers, which are great; this power arises from the length of their hind legs. The larva of these insects, which resembles the parent in most respects except in the want of wings, envelops itself in a froth resembling human spittle. All must have often observed ths on plants."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Larval Frog Hopper

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers…

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers partly to the form of their body, partly to their leaping powers, which are great; this power arises from the length of their hind legs. The larva of these insects, which resembles the parent in most respects except in the want of wings, envelops itself in a froth resembling human spittle. All must have often observed ths on plants."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Frog Hopper on Leaf

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers…

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers partly to the form of their body, partly to their leaping powers, which are great; this power arises from the length of their hind legs. The larva of these insects, which resembles the parent in most respects except in the want of wings, envelops itself in a froth resembling human spittle. All must have often observed ths on plants."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Adult Frog Hopper

"Frog Hoppers are ranked under the homopterous sub-order of insects. The name of frog hopper refers…

"Tinoceras, or tinotherium, is a genus of mammals now extinct, found in the Eocene, and representing the order Dinocerata. The individuals were all large, some of them nearly equaling the elephants, while the brain was smaller than that of any living or fossil mammal."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tinoceras

"Tinoceras, or tinotherium, is a genus of mammals now extinct, found in the Eocene, and representing…

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanace&aelig;. It is one of a genus of several species, all natives of South America, chiefly on the Peruvian side. In the United States and other countries in which the summer is warm and prolonged, it has long been cultivated for the excellent qualities of the fruit as an article of diet. Though belonging to a natural order of plants usually regarded with suspicion on account of the powerfully poisonous properties of many of the species comprised in it, it is now recognized as one of the most important and valuable of vegetables grown for human food."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tomato Plant

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanaceæ. It is one of a genus of several…

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanace&aelig;. It is one of a genus of several species, all natives of South America, chiefly on the Peruvian side. In the United States and other countries in which the summer is warm and prolonged, it has long been cultivated for the excellent qualities of the fruit as an article of diet. Though belonging to a natural order of plants usually regarded with suspicion on account of the powerfully poisonous properties of many of the species comprised in it, it is now recognized as one of the most important and valuable of vegetables grown for human food."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tomato

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanaceæ. It is one of a genus of several…

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanace&aelig;. It is one of a genus of several species, all natives of South America, chiefly on the Peruvian side. In the United States and other countries in which the summer is warm and prolonged, it has long been cultivated for the excellent qualities of the fruit as an article of diet. Though belonging to a natural order of plants usually regarded with suspicion on account of the powerfully poisonous properties of many of the species comprised in it, it is now recognized as one of the most important and valuable of vegetables grown for human food."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tomato

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanaceæ. It is one of a genus of several…

"A Tooth is one of the hard bodies of the mouth, attached to the skeleton, but not forming part of it and developed from the dermis or true skin. True teeth consist of one, two, or more tissues differing in their chemical composition and in their microscopical appearances. Dentine, which forms the body of the tooth, and 'cement,' which forms its outer crust, are always present, the third tissue, the 'enamel,' when present, being situated between the dentine and cement. The incisors, or cutting teeth, are situated in front. In men there are two of these incisors in each side of each jaw. The permanent incisors, molars, and premolars are preceded by a set of deciduous or milk teeth, which are lost before maturity, and replaced by the permanent ones. The canines come next to the incisors. In man there is one canine tooth in each half-jaw. The premolars (known also as bicuspids and false molars) come next in order to the canines. In man there are two premolars in each half-jaw. The true molars (or multicuspids) are placed most posteriorly. In man there are three molars in each half-jaw, the posterior one being termed the wisdom tooth. The figures [in the illustration] refer to months after birth."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

First Teeth

"A Tooth is one of the hard bodies of the mouth, attached to the skeleton, but not forming part of it…

"A Tooth is one of the hard bodies of the mouth, attached to the skeleton, but not forming part of it and developed from the dermis or true skin. True teeth consist of one, two, or more tissues differing in their chemical composition and in their microscopical appearances. Dentine, which forms the body of the tooth, and 'cement,' which forms its outer crust, are always present, the third tissue, the 'enamel,' when present, being situated between the dentine and cement. The incisors, or cutting teeth, are situated in front. In men there are two of these incisors in each side of each jaw. The permanent incisors, molars, and premolars are preceded by a set of deciduous or milk teeth, which are lost before maturity, and replaced by the permanent ones. The canines come next to the incisors. In man there is one canine tooth in each half-jaw. The premolars (known also as bicuspids and false molars) come next in order to the canines. In man there are two premolars in each half-jaw. The true molars (or multicuspids) are placed most posteriorly. In man there are three molars in each half-jaw, the posterior one being termed the wisdom tooth. The figures [in the illustration] refer to years after birth."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Second Teeth

"A Tooth is one of the hard bodies of the mouth, attached to the skeleton, but not forming part of it…

"Tuberose (Polianthus) is a genus of plants of the natural order Liliace&aelig;. The plant is in high esteem for the beauty and fragrance of its flowers, the odor of which is most powerful after sunset. The fading flowers emit, in certain states of the atmosphere, an electric light and sparks. The native country of the tuberose is Mexico. They are very extensively grown by American and British florists, who, by planting the roots successionally, manage to keep up a supply of flowers at all seasons. There are several varieties."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Double Tuberose

"Tuberose (Polianthus) is a genus of plants of the natural order Liliaceæ. The plant is in high…

"Valerian is an order of herbs or rarely shrubs belonging to the division of monopetalous dicotyledons having the stamens arising from the petals. The order is distinguished from its congeners by the opposite leaves; small irregular flowers. It contains 12 genera and about 190 species, distributed through Northwestern America, Europe, Northern Africa, and temperate Asia&ndash; unknown in Australia, and only one species South African. It has a penetrating odor, and a bitter, acrid, somewhat aromatic taste; when distilled with water it yields a volatile oil and valerianic acid. Cats have a strange liking for the odor, and it exercises a remarkable intoxicating or stimulating power over them; the plant is sometimes called cats' valerian. It is often used to tempt cats to an unhappy fate."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Valerian

"Valerian is an order of herbs or rarely shrubs belonging to the division of monopetalous dicotyledons…

"Vanilla is a genus of epiphytal Orchide&aelig;, natives of tropical America and Asia. They are distinguished from most other orchids by their climbing habit; they cling with their aerial roots to the stems of trees or to rocks, attain the height of 20 or 30 feet, and obtain their chief sustenance from the atmosphere. There are about 20 species comprised in the genus. The flowers are thick, fleshy, and fragrant, but dull in color. Vanilla is remarkable among orchids as possessing the only species of the order that has any economical value. From the fruit of several species the vanilla of commerce is obtained, the best being produced by the West Indian species, which is now cultivated in many tropical countries. <em>A,</em> a seed pod"&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Vanilla Planifolia

"Vanilla is a genus of epiphytal Orchideæ, natives of tropical America and Asia. They are distinguished…