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A winnowing machine was traditionally used to separate yield from chaff. The pictured type of winnowing machine was likely used to separate chaff from tea leaves.

Winnowing Machine

A winnowing machine was traditionally used to separate yield from chaff. The pictured type of winnowing…

A machine with protruding handles used to roll tea leaves into balls.

Tea Leaf Roller

A machine with protruding handles used to roll tea leaves into balls.

Geum urbanum is a member of the genus Geum, a genus of hardy plants (Rosaceae). Not usually used decoratively, their five-parted flowers being borne singly at the ends of much-branching stems. The leaves are generally odd-pinnate, often with small leaflets scattered among larger ones. The style is persistent in the fruit and is often plumose, as in the purple avens (G. ciliatum), which has violet flowers. The white avens (G. canadense) has a prickly receptacle, as has the G. flavum. Among the most common species are the yellow G. strictum and the G. vernum, both found in shady, damp places.

Geum Urbanum

Geum urbanum is a member of the genus Geum, a genus of hardy plants (Rosaceae). Not usually used decoratively,…

British Golden-rod is a member of the large composite genus Solidago, which is chiefly North American. The golden-rods are erect plants, little branched, and often somewhat woody at the base. The foliage is various, usually somewhat lanceolate in shape, and sometimes conspicuously veined. The tiny heads have one series of white or yellow ray-flowers, and are gathered into various forms of inflorescence, often of a massive character; they appear in late summer and early autumn. Although of no commercial value (except as forage for sheep) the golden-rods are conspicuous for their bright color, especially as they are apt to grow in huge colonies in fields and along roadsides.

British Golden-rod

British Golden-rod is a member of the large composite genus Solidago, which is chiefly North American.…

In the manufacturing of jute, the jute fiber must first be softened. The softening machine consists of many pairs of fluted or corrugated rollers arranged in horizontal succession and driven with a reciprocating motion. The jute as it passes through may receive a sprinkling of oil ad water from automatic apparatus attached to the machine overhead, or it may be arranged in the layers and sprayed with oil after emerging from the softener, a process known as batching. In either case, the material is then allowed to lie a certain time in bulk, to permit of the fiber being thoroughly permeated with the oil.

Softening Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

In the manufacturing of jute, the jute fiber must first be softened. The softening machine consists…

Lattice Leaf is the popular name of a water plant, 'Aponogeton jenestralis', belonging to the order 'Aponogetonaceæ'. The older leaves are of open structure, are nearly a foot long, oblong in shape, and float just below the surface of the water. The flowers are born in spikes in the surface. The roots of the plant are used as an article of food by the natives of Madagascar, where it is indigenous. (1. Part of Flower Spike)

Lattice Leaf

Lattice Leaf is the popular name of a water plant, 'Aponogeton jenestralis', belonging to the order…

This illustration shows a skeleton leaf of Holly.

Skeleton Leaf (Holly)

This illustration shows a skeleton leaf of Holly.

This illustration shows 4 types of simple leaves: 1. Linear (an elongated version of the elliptical); 2. Lanceolate; 3. elliptical; 4. ovate.

Types of Simple Leaves

This illustration shows 4 types of simple leaves: 1. Linear (an elongated version of the elliptical);…

This illustration shows two types of leaves derived from the circular type: 5. Palmately lobed; 6. Orbicular and pelate.

Types of Simple Leaves Derived from the Circular Type

This illustration shows two types of leaves derived from the circular type: 5. Palmately lobed; 6. Orbicular…

This illustration shows two types of compound leaves derived from the circular type: 7. palmately compound; 8. cleft orbicular.

Compound Leaves Derived from the Circular Type

This illustration shows two types of compound leaves derived from the circular type: 7. palmately compound;…

This illustration shows two types of simple leaves derived from the elliptical type: 9. pinnately lobed; 10. pinnately divided.

Simple Leaves Derived from the Elliptical Type

This illustration shows two types of simple leaves derived from the elliptical type: 9. pinnately lobed;…

This illustration shows two compound leaves derived from the elliptical type: 11, 12. bipinnate.

Compound Leaves Derived from the Elliptical Type

This illustration shows two compound leaves derived from the elliptical type: 11, 12. bipinnate.

This illustration shows leaves derived from the oval type: 13. Ovate and Serrate; 14. Palmately three cleft.

Leaves Derived from the Oval Type

This illustration shows leaves derived from the oval type: 13. Ovate and Serrate; 14. Palmately three…

Clematis illustration showing leaf stalks modified as tendrils.

Clematis

Clematis illustration showing leaf stalks modified as tendrils.

This illustration shows the colored leaves of 'Cornus florida', surrounding the small flowers and rendering the flower head conspicuous.

Colored Leaves of 'Cornus florida'

This illustration shows the colored leaves of 'Cornus florida', surrounding the small flowers and rendering…

This illustration shows a water crowfoot, with broad, floating leaves, and much-cut, submerged leaves.

Water Crowfoot

This illustration shows a water crowfoot, with broad, floating leaves, and much-cut, submerged leaves.

This illustration shows a portion of Lepidodendron. Lepidodendron is the generic name of a large and important group of plants which flourished principally in the Carboniferous period. The outer surface of the bark is marked by lozenge-shaped, scale-like markings, the leaf-cushions. These are arranged in dense spirals, which wind around the stems. Often, the narrow and pointed leaves are found, still adherent; they may also carry cones <i>(lepidostrobi)</i>, which in form somewhat resemble those of the fir. The branches usually fork repeatedly, and were implanted on a massive stem which had a similar external sculpture. Some of these stems have been seen in the roofs of coal workings with a length of a hundred feet. Their roots are generally known as stigmaria. The Lepidodendra belonged to the Lycopodiaceæ, and have their nearest representatives in the diminutive club-mosses, which they resemble even in their superficial characters.

Portion of Lepidodendron

This illustration shows a portion of Lepidodendron. Lepidodendron is the generic name of a large and…

Hedge Garlic (Sisymbrium Allaria). A, Inflorescence and Cauline Leaves. B, Radical Leaf and Root.

Hedge Garlic

Hedge Garlic (Sisymbrium Allaria). A, Inflorescence and Cauline Leaves. B, Radical Leaf and Root.

White clover (Trifolium repens).

White Clover

White clover (Trifolium repens).

Red clover (Trifolium pratense).

Red Clover

Red clover (Trifolium pratense).

Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum).

Crimson Clover

Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum).

Large clasps of barley leaves.

Barley Leaves

Large clasps of barley leaves.

Leaf and flowers of the hemp plant <i>(Cannabis sativa)</i>. A and c are female flowers, while b is a male flower.

Hemp Leaf and Flowers

Leaf and flowers of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa). A and c are female flowers, while b is a male…

A branch of a vineless sweet potato plant, showing the crowded position of leaf stems.

Sweet Potato Plant

A branch of a vineless sweet potato plant, showing the crowded position of leaf stems.

Three shapes of sweet potato leaves. On left, cut-leaf type; in center, shouldered leaf; and on right, entire or "round" leaf.

Sweet Potato Leaves

Three shapes of sweet potato leaves. On left, cut-leaf type; in center, shouldered leaf; and on right,…

Broad and narrow tobacco leaves. The image is to show that bigger leaves can afford a larger number of wrappers than the smaller ones.

Tobacco Leaves

Broad and narrow tobacco leaves. The image is to show that bigger leaves can afford a larger number…

Illustration of the famous statue <i>Apollo Belvedere</i>. Created circa AD120-140, the statue depicts Apollo standing, having just shot an arrow. His quiver can be seen over his shoulder (left) and his hand clutches the remains of a bow (right). He is nude except for his sandals and robe. This illustration includes a leaf to cover Apollo's genitalia, which is not included on the statue itself.

Apollo of the Belvedere - Front View of Statue

Illustration of the famous statue Apollo Belvedere. Created circa AD120-140, the statue depicts Apollo…

A drawing of one section of the graffiti found on the house of Dioscuri in Pompeii. A gladiator descends a set of stairs and holds a palm leaf in his left hand. There is a second palm leaf, alone, behind the gladiator. Under the man the text reads, "Campani victoria una cum Nucerinis peristis", which translates as "Campanians, you perished together with the Nucerians in victory". The text refers to a riot that took place in the Pompeiian amphitheater in AD 59.

Pompeii Graffiti from the House of Dioscuri - Gladiator Holding Palm Leaf

A drawing of one section of the graffiti found on the house of Dioscuri in Pompeii. A gladiator descends…

Illustration of the life-size marble statue located in Munich, Germany. It was found in 1620 in a moat below Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome. Satyrs attended Dionysus. The satyr in this scuplture is leaning back with his arm behind his head. He has two small horns on his forehead, but otherwise no goat-like features. "In classical myth, a sylvan deity, representing the luxuriant forces of Nature, and closely connected with the worship of Baachus." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

The Barberini Faun, or Drunken Satyr

Illustration of the life-size marble statue located in Munich, Germany. It was found in 1620 in a moat…

<i>Lolium perenne</i>. A sheath, in botany is "the part of an expanded organ that is rolled around a stem or other body, forming a tube, as in the lower part of the leaves of grasses..." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>This illustration show a single leaf of ryegrass in its sheath.

Ryegrass Leaf with Sheath

Lolium perenne. A sheath, in botany is "the part of an expanded organ that is rolled around a stem or…

"The so-called green jackdaw of Asia, <i>Cissa sinensis</i>. The sirgang inhabits the southeastern Himalayan region, and thence through Burma to Tasserim, and has occasioned much literature." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>The bird is perched on a branch with a few leaves.

Sirgang

"The so-called green jackdaw of Asia, Cissa sinensis. The sirgang inhabits the southeastern Himalayan…

"A dagger; specifically, an ancient form of dagger found Ireland, usually of bronze, double-edged, and more or less leaf-shaped, and thus distinguished from the different forms of the seax, or broad-backed knife." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>Illustration of four different skeans of varying shape and size. The examples are from the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.

Skeans - Ancient Irish Daggers

"A dagger; specifically, an ancient form of dagger found Ireland, usually of bronze, double-edged, and…

"A plant of the genus <i>Sonchus</i>, primarily <i>S. oleraceus</i>, a weed of waste places, probably native in Europe and central Asia, but now diffused nearly all over the world. It is a smooth herb with a milky juice, bearing runcinate-pinnatifid leaves and rather small yellow flower heads... 1. upper part of the stem with the heads; 2. one of the basal leaves; a, a flower; b, the achene with the pappus." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Sow Thistle - Stem with Heads, Basal Leaves, Flower, Achene with Pappus

"A plant of the genus Sonchus, primarily S. oleraceus, a weed of waste places, probably native in Europe…

<i>Spiraea tomentosa</i>. Also called Steeplebush and Meadowsweet, this plant grows up to four feet high. This illustration shows the leaf of the plant.

Hardhack Leaf

Spiraea tomentosa. Also called Steeplebush and Meadowsweet, this plant grows up to four feet high. This…

This divider has leaves and small round kernels featured in a design on the sides. The center area has rays coming out from a blank, rectangular center. It can be used as a divider or banner.

Divider with Leaves and Sun Rays

This divider has leaves and small round kernels featured in a design on the sides. The center area has…