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A headlamp is a lamp, usually attached to the front of a vehicle such as a car, with the purpose of illuminating the road ahead during periods of low visibility, such as darkness precipitation. Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and night time traffic fatalities.

Vehicle Headlight

A headlamp is a lamp, usually attached to the front of a vehicle such as a car, with the purpose of…

A dihedral board on an aeroplane, or airplane, for stability. The boards are raised on short legs over the ribs with a spirit level on top of the board. Dihedral boards are used as a last result due to inaccuracy in stability.

Dihedral Board Aeroplane

A dihedral board on an aeroplane, or airplane, for stability. The boards are raised on short legs over…

The air enters the sand blast through the pipe, at the same time, the sand enters the chamber by lifting the second stop. At the very top of the chamber, sand is fed into the system. The lever is pulled to make the air and sand mixture go through the flexible hose. Sand blasting is used to clean metal.

Metal Cleaning using Sand Blast

The air enters the sand blast through the pipe, at the same time, the sand enters the chamber by lifting…

A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.

Circuit Breaker

A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit…

An illustration of a 240 mm Trench Mortar used by the French during World War I, and designed by Dumezil—Batignolles. The mortar had a short barrel firing 192 lb. bombs.

240 mm Trench Mortar

An illustration of a 240 mm Trench Mortar used by the French during World War I, and designed by Dumezil—Batignolles.…

An illustration showing the German minenwerfer, or mine launcher, class for short range mortars. The mortar weighs around 1693 pounds, and has a rifle length of 4.54 calibers.

Rifled Heavy Minenwerfer Mortar

An illustration showing the German minenwerfer, or mine launcher, class for short range mortars. The…

A Memograph is a clock that is designed to make a loud sound at a specific time. The primary use of these clocks is to awaken people from their sleep in order to start their days in the mornings, but can also be used for short naps; they are sometimes used for other reminders as well.

Memograph Clock

A Memograph is a clock that is designed to make a loud sound at a specific time. The primary use of…

This street lamp is a raised source of light on the edge of a road, which is turned on or lit a certain time every night.

Street Lamp

This street lamp is a raised source of light on the edge of a road, which is turned on or lit a certain…

The lower jaw and teeth of the Megatherium, elephant sized sloth. The teeth are quandrangular, or triangular cylinder, shaped and grew during their life time.

Lower Jaw of Megatherium Fossil Skeleton

The lower jaw and teeth of the Megatherium, elephant sized sloth. The teeth are quandrangular, or triangular…

"The micrometer box, and of course with it the whole system of spider webs, is moved by the screw s, whilst the measuring web is independently moved by the screw S." —Encyclopaedia Brittannica, 1910

Repsolds Micrometer Box for Telescope Cape Observatory

"The micrometer box, and of course with it the whole system of spider webs, is moved by the screw s,…

"Sir David Gill devised a measuring machine which combines the rapidity of the glass—scale micrometer with the accuracy of the spider—line micrometer and simplifies the reductions of the observations at the same time." —Encyclopaedia Brittannica, 1910

Gill's Measuring Machine for Micrometer

"Sir David Gill devised a measuring machine which combines the rapidity of the glass—scale micrometer…

This dial features a clock face which is the part of an analog clock that displays the time through the use of a fixed numbered dial and moving hands. In its most basic form, the dial is numbered 1-12.

Watch and Clock Dial

This dial features a clock face which is the part of an analog clock that displays the time through…

This grass hook, which is a shorter version of a scythe, both are agricultural tools for mowing grass or reaping crops.

Grass Hook

This grass hook, which is a shorter version of a scythe, both are agricultural tools for mowing grass…

A cutting machine for minting coins. The machine uses two short steel cylinders to cut the flat sheet metals. These coins falls through tube G into a bin.

Minting Cutting Machine for Coins

A cutting machine for minting coins. The machine uses two short steel cylinders to cut the flat sheet…

This is a timepiece that shows the time of the day, using a small electric motor

Secondary Electric Clock

This is a timepiece that shows the time of the day, using a small electric motor

A short stocking reaching a point between the ankle and the knee.

Boot Sock

A short stocking reaching a point between the ankle and the knee.

A small, short-handled ax for use in one hand.

Adz Hatchet

A small, short-handled ax for use in one hand.

"By placing the condensers underneath the turbine, as is frequently done at the present time, not only may a considerable amount of floor space be saved, but the turbine can more readily exhaust into the condenser. As we have already seen, at high vacuum the volume of steam is very large, and the exhaust pipe from the turbine will be proportionally large." —Derr, 1911

Corliss Steam Engine Generator Plan

"By placing the condensers underneath the turbine, as is frequently done at the present time, not only…

"The marine turbine of this type (Curtis turbine) installed in the U.S. Cruiser Salem had seven pressure stages with four velocity steps in the first stage, and three in each of the others. Steam passes from the steam chest through the nozzles, each of which may be closed by a valve operated from the governor. The number open at any one time depends upon the load." —Derr, 1911

Cross Sectional View of U.S.S Salem Steam Engine Showing Curtis Turbines

"The marine turbine of this type (Curtis turbine) installed in the U.S. Cruiser Salem had seven pressure…

"An admission of steam occurs about once in every thirty revolutions at approximately full load. The pilot valve is continually oscillating, thus preventing any liability of sticking, but its period of oscillation is varied directly by the governor. Steam, therefore, enters the turbine in puffs, the duration of which depends upon the load; at slight overloads the valve would be constantly open." —Derr, 1911

Turbine Governor for Varying Time of Admission

"An admission of steam occurs about once in every thirty revolutions at approximately full load. The…

A Common Polypody, or Polypodium vulgare, leaf and root. The fern is commonly found on walls, river banks, and trees. On the leaf, the common polypody will develop a few spots, called sori, over time.

Leaf and Root of Common Polypody

A Common Polypody, or Polypodium vulgare, leaf and root. The fern is commonly found on walls, river…

A measure of the heaviness of an object.

Scientific Type Scale

A measure of the heaviness of an object.

A smoothbore gun that fires shot over short ranges. Also called scattergun.

Military Shotgun

A smoothbore gun that fires shot over short ranges. Also called scattergun.

A T-shaped ruler, used primarily in mechanical drawing, having a short crosspiece that slides along the edge of the drawing board as a guide to the perpendicular longer section in making parallel lines, right angles, etc., and as a support for triangles.

Adjustable Drafting T-Square

A T-shaped ruler, used primarily in mechanical drawing, having a short crosspiece that slides along…

A production of stenography; anything written in shorthand; To write or report in stenographic characters

Desk for Stenograph

A production of stenography; anything written in shorthand; To write or report in stenographic characters

Book binding is the process of physically assembling a book from a number of folded or unfolded pages, involving the attachment of a cover.

Book Binding

Book binding is the process of physically assembling a book from a number of folded or unfolded pages,…

An illustration of the Place de la Concorde in Paris, France. It is the largest square in the French capital. It was named Place Louis XV after the king of the time.

Place de la Concorde

An illustration of the Place de la Concorde in Paris, France. It is the largest square in the French…

An illustration of The Opera House in Paris, France. It is commonly known as the Paris Opera. This Opera house was built in the Neo-Baroque style by Charles Garnier and was known as one of the most advanced architectural works of its time.

Opera House

An illustration of The Opera House in Paris, France. It is commonly known as the Paris Opera. This Opera…

An alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed

General Purpose Index

An alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed

A common packaging item, usually made of flat material such as paper or cardboard. It is designed to contain a flat object, such as a letter or card. Traditional envelopes are made from sheets of paper cut to one of three shapes: a rhombus, a short-arm cross, or

Mailing Envelope

A common packaging item, usually made of flat material such as paper or cardboard. It is designed to…

This is a short shrub like perennial of the sedum, featuring star shaped flowers.

Sedum Telephium

This is a short shrub like perennial of the sedum, featuring star shaped flowers.

"When an Egyptian died the friends of the deceased went at once to the embalmer, By him they were shown a set of models, that is, wooden images painted and wrapped in imitation of the different styles of mummies prepared at the establishment. The models were divided into three classes; first, second, and third; and among these the friends selected according to their rank and means. The dead body was then delivered to the embalmers, by whom the brain was removed through the nostrils. Then an incision was made in the left side with a sharp stone. Through this opening the entire viscera were removed, and being cleansed by washing with palm wine, were covered with pounded aromatics and deposited in four urns. The cavity of the body was filled with powdered myrrh, cassia, and other fragrant substances, and the wound carefully sewn up. The whole body was then packed for seventy days in salt and carbonate of soda, at the end of which time it was washed and then wrapped in linen bands anointed on the inner surface with a certain gum which acted as glue. The mummy was finally put into a wooden case in the form of a man, and delivered to the relatives, by whom it was set upright against the wall in one of the rooms of their house."—Ridpath 1885

Process of Embalming

"When an Egyptian died the friends of the deceased went at once to the embalmer, By him they were shown…

Column located in the Temple of Denderah, with masks of Hathor, an Egyptian sky goddess of love and joy, adorning the top.

Column from the Temple of Denderah, with Hathor Masks, Time of Cesar

Column located in the Temple of Denderah, with masks of Hathor, an Egyptian sky goddess of love and…

"In their upper course the Euphrates and the Tigris traverse a region of steppes broken by rocky ridges and interspersed with pastures and fruitful districts. The banks of the rivers are fringed with plane-trees, tamarisks, and cypresses. Here and there are meadowlands, alternating with low hills. Further on, as the rivers descend to the level, the valleys broaden; but at the same time the higher district between becomes more sterile kind of upland waste, abounding in ostriches and bustards, the native home of wild asses and nomadic tribes of men."—Ridpath, 1885

Confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates

"In their upper course the Euphrates and the Tigris traverse a region of steppes broken by rocky ridges…

Statue of the Greek god Helios. It is currently considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was one of the tallest statues during its time, standing at over 30 meters (107 feet).

Colossus at Rhodes

Statue of the Greek god Helios. It is currently considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient…

"By the time [olive trees] are well grown the form of the young tree is established, and further pruning for form may be done in a general manner to obtain the following results: (1) Maintenance of a comparatively open center to the tree; (2) exposure to the sun and air as large a number as possible of last year's branches around the circumference of the tree; (3) removal of all ground suckers and water sprouts; (4) preservation of outward-growing and drooping basal and lateral fruit branches; (5) heading back of upward-growing limbs, which consume much, but produce little; and, (6) the removal of all diseased or injured wood. In pruning for form the rules governing pruning for fruit should be kept in mind."—Government Printing Office, 1897

An Olive Tree

"By the time [olive trees] are well grown the form of the young tree is established, and further pruning…

An image of a strawberry plant in flower. There are numerous short Stamens that are readily accessible to insects.

Strawberry Plant

An image of a strawberry plant in flower. There are numerous short Stamens that are readily accessible…

A fern with short, ovate fronds.

Polypodium Lycopodioides Owariense

A fern with short, ovate fronds.

A plant with bright yellow flowers and short stems. They tend to bloom between March and May in Europe.

Ranunculus Ficaria

A plant with bright yellow flowers and short stems. They tend to bloom between March and May in Europe.

"The next day there was a lively time in Cambridge. All Middlesex was aflame, to say nothing of the towns in Worcester. The people came flocking into town - several thousand of them. Dr. Warren and some of the other patriots rode out and persuaded the citizens not to do anything rash. They found old Judge Danforth standing on the Court-house steps, promising never to have anything more to do with Gage's government. He is a councilor. Then the sheriff was called upon to resign."—Coffin, 1879

Carted Through the Streets

"The next day there was a lively time in Cambridge. All Middlesex was aflame, to say nothing of the…

"This picture was drawn by a British engineer at the time of the battle. The view is from Copp's Hill, in Boston, looking north. A British battery on Copp's Hill fired across the water and set the town on fire. The smoke of the battle is seen on the hill behind the town. The wind was south-west, and carried the smoke eastward over the Mystic River."—Coffin, 1879

Burning of Charlestown

"This picture was drawn by a British engineer at the time of the battle. The view is from Copp's Hill,…

"Mr. Jacobus Kip lived in an old-fashioned Dutch house, built of bricks make in Holland and brought to America, because the old Dutch burghers thought that there was no clay in American suitable to be made into bricks. The house stood a short distance from the water, and had curiously shaped windows in the roof, and a weather-cock above the ridge-pole."—Coffin, 1879

Jacobus Kip's House

"Mr. Jacobus Kip lived in an old-fashioned Dutch house, built of bricks make in Holland and brought…

"South of the fort a short distance was a brick house with 'I.A.W. 1748' on one of the gables, the initials standing for James and Anna Whitall. The house had been built twenty-nine years. Mr. Whitall lived there with his wife and family. He was a Quaker, and a good Whig. Seeing that the battle was about to begin, he and his wife left the house; but his mother, an old lady, would not leave."—Coffin, 1879

Whitall's House at Red Bank

"South of the fort a short distance was a brick house with 'I.A.W. 1748' on one of the gables, the initials…

A short story written by Washington Irving. The tale describes a superstitious man named Ichabod Crane, who is chased by the Headless Horseman, a ghost of the American Revolution.

The Headless Horseman, Sleepy Hollow

A short story written by Washington Irving. The tale describes a superstitious man named Ichabod Crane,…

A corolla with a very short tube and a spreading limb.

Rotate Corolla

A corolla with a very short tube and a spreading limb.

"We see here a number of cooks busily engaged in making some broth which they wish to have better than common. For once, they unite their skill. One thinks that everything out to be well salted in order to be palatable, another puts in a good deal of pepper, while another prefers to have a variety of savory herbs. Each of these cooks are careful to put in enough of their favorite ingredients, and thus the broth is cooked. When put on the table it is found to be too salt for some of the company, too high seasoned for others, etc. In short, the broth is spoiled for their eating."—Barber, 1857

Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth

"We see here a number of cooks busily engaged in making some broth which they wish to have better than…

"A philosopher, seating himself under an oak tree, and viewing its massiveness, could not understand why so large a tree should produce such small fruit. 'There,' said he, 'is the pumpkin, growing on a slender vine; how much better it would be, if that vine bore acorns, and the great tree the pumpkins; then there would be some harmony and fitness in nature.' As he was meditating on this subject, and examining some ancient theories on the works of creation, an acorn dropped on his head and broke up the train of his reflections. 'How foolish and short-sighted I am, to question the wisdom of Providence,' thought the philosopher, 'if the acorn had been a pumpkin, my head would have been broken.'"—Barber, 1857

Man Thinks Himself Wise, till God Shows Him His Folly

"A philosopher, seating himself under an oak tree, and viewing its massiveness, could not understand…

"The horse moves very slow - he hangs his head, / He's traveled long till he's quite wearied. / The rider, thinking to relieve his nag, / On his own shoulders puts a heavy bad. / Short-sighted reasoner, who thinks, of course, / That such a change must greatly help the horse."—Barber, 1857

A Change, but No Relief

"The horse moves very slow - he hangs his head, / He's traveled long till he's quite wearied. / The…

"A traveler's starting for a distant port, / The train is ready, and the time is short; / He gives a boy his trunk upon the way, / Bids him be quick, and not to stop and play, / But soon the boy pursues a butterfly, / Forgets his errand, and the time slips by."

If You Want a Thing Done, Go; If Not, Send

"A traveler's starting for a distant port, / The train is ready, and the time is short; / He gives a…

"The house-wife plies her needle and her thread, / Long after idle people are in bed; / The rent is small, but she full well doth know, / That little rents to larger ones will grow."—Barber, 1857

A Stitch in Time, Saves Nine

"The house-wife plies her needle and her thread, / Long after idle people are in bed; / The rent is…

"In Summer heat, when brightly shines the sun, / To make your hay, the proper time is come: / Spread round the new mown grass, and do it right, / Work while the sky is clear, and sun is bright."—Barber, 1857

Make Hay While the Sun Shines

"In Summer heat, when brightly shines the sun, / To make your hay, the proper time is come: / Spread…

"This field of corn has been neglected long, / The weeds are rank, quite high, and rooted strong; / These lazy men, beneath a broiling sun, / Have scarcely yet their toilsome work begun; / By 'putting off' the time, hard work they make, / Their toil is doubled, and more work they make."—Barber, 1857

Lazy Folks Take the Most Pains

"This field of corn has been neglected long, / The weeds are rank, quite high, and rooted strong; /…

"See here three men engaged in mortal strife; / Two fell assassins seek the lone man's life, / But he, with skill, wards off the murderous blow, / Wielding his sword they cannot him o'erthrow: / But ah! at this, his time of utmost need, / His sword is broke - thus 'tis so decreed: / Poor man! he can defend himself no more, / His life is taken, and the conflict's o'er."—Barber, 1857

The Worth of a Thing is Known by the Want of It

"See here three men engaged in mortal strife; / Two fell assassins seek the lone man's life, / But he,…

Prime Minister of Great Britain for a brief amount of time in 1827.

George Canning

Prime Minister of Great Britain for a brief amount of time in 1827.

An English naturalist who established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry. He proposed the theory of natural selection and evolution.

Charles Darwin

An English naturalist who established that all species of life have descended over time from common…

"Richard I (looking down on the Holy City): 'My dream comes true.' A cartoon which appeared in Punch, Dec. 19, 1917, at the time of the British capture of Jerusalem."—Webster, 1920

The Last Crusade

"Richard I (looking down on the Holy City): 'My dream comes true.' A cartoon which appeared in Punch,…

"A printing-press of the time of Gutenberg."

Printing Press

"A printing-press of the time of Gutenberg."

"A Spanish ship of Elizabeth's time."—Gordy, 1912

Spanish Ship

"A Spanish ship of Elizabeth's time."—Gordy, 1912

In the short story The Attack on the Castle, the character Rebecca is drawn to show her moving to a window.

Rebecca Goes to the Window

In the short story The Attack on the Castle, the character Rebecca is drawn to show her moving to a…

In the short story Ulysses, the king makes a demand.

I Demand Your Blood and Your Lives

In the short story Ulysses, the king makes a demand.