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"The cross of the Danisn order of the Dannebrog, a white cross surmounting a red one, with the royal crown, the cipher of reigning soverign, and the motto "For God and the King," is a characteristic example of the use of the great Christian symbol in the insignia of the knighthood of the present day." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dannebrog

"The cross of the Danisn order of the Dannebrog, a white cross surmounting a red one, with the royal…

"The upper edge of the shelf on which the weights slide is graduated into equal divisions, and the weight is provided with a sharp tongue of metal in order that its posistion on the shelf may be accurately determined." —Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Slider of Kelvin Ampere Balance

"The upper edge of the shelf on which the weights slide is graduated into equal divisions, and the weight…

"Erica cinerea. The English form of a name given in most Teutonic dialects to the common ling or heather, but now applied to all species of Erica, an extensive genus of monopetalous plants, belonging to the order Ericaceae. The heaths are evergreen shrubs, with small narrow leaves, in whorls usually set rather thickly on the shoots; the persistent flowers have 4 sepals, and a 4-cleft campanulate or tubular corolla, in many species more or less ventricose or inflated." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1893

Heath

"Erica cinerea. The English form of a name given in most Teutonic dialects to the common ling or heather,…

"Calluna Vulgaris. The English form of a name given in most Teutonic dialects to the common ling or heather, but now applied to all species of Erica, an extensive genus of monopetalous plants, belonging to the order Ericaceae. The heaths are evergreen shrubs, with small narrow leaves, in whorls usually set rather thickly on the shoots; the persistent flowers have 4 sepals, and a 4-cleft campanulate or tubular corolla, in many species more or less ventricose or inflated." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1893

Heath

"Calluna Vulgaris. The English form of a name given in most Teutonic dialects to the common ling or…

"Sylvester's furnace doors or doors of similar form are preferable to the ordinary hinged doors, because they can be opened to any extent, and are less liable to get out of order." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Furnace Doors

"Sylvester's furnace doors or doors of similar form are preferable to the ordinary hinged doors, because…

"In the sub-order Rhizostomae the edges of the oral opening use together at an early age and leave several sucker-like secondary mouths, which were formerly mistaken for independent persons." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Rhizostomae

"In the sub-order Rhizostomae the edges of the oral opening use together at an early age and leave several…

"In the sub-order Rhizostomae the edges of the oral opening use together at an early age and leave several sucker-like secondary mouths, which were formerly mistaken for independent persons." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chrysaora

"In the sub-order Rhizostomae the edges of the oral opening use together at an early age and leave several…

"A genus of plants of the natural order rosacae, sub-order Potentilleae. The calyx is five-cleft, without bracts; the hardened tube at length invests two carpels, and is covered with hooked bristles" — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Agrimony

"A genus of plants of the natural order rosacae, sub-order Potentilleae. The calyx is five-cleft, without…

"One of the religious orders of Spanish knighthood, was founded as a military fraternity for the defense of Estremadura against the Moors. In 1197, Pope Celestine III. raised it to the rank of a religious order of knighthood; bestowed great privileges on it, and charged it with the defense of the Christian faith." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Alcantara

"One of the religious orders of Spanish knighthood, was founded as a military fraternity for the defense…

"A genus of Zoophytes, the type of family called Alcyonide, belonging to the class anthozoa, and order Asteroida, and consisting of a polype-mass with starlike pores and protrusive polypes." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Alcyonium

"A genus of Zoophytes, the type of family called Alcyonide, belonging to the class anthozoa, and order…

"A genus of Zoophytes, the type of family called Alcyonide, belonging to the class anthozoa, and order Asteroida, and consisting of a polype-mass with starlike pores and protrusive polypes." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Alcyonium

"A genus of Zoophytes, the type of family called Alcyonide, belonging to the class anthozoa, and order…

"A genus of Zoophytes, the type of family called Alcyonide, belonging to the class anthozoa, and order Asteroida, and consisting of a polype-mass with starlike pores and protrusive polypes." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Alcyonium Digitatum

"A genus of Zoophytes, the type of family called Alcyonide, belonging to the class anthozoa, and order…

"A genus of Zoophytes, the type of family called Alcyonide, belonging to the class anthozoa, and order Asteroida, and consisting of a polype-mass with starlike pores and protrusive polypes." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Alcyonium Digitatum

"A genus of Zoophytes, the type of family called Alcyonide, belonging to the class anthozoa, and order…

"A genus of Zoophytes, the type of family called Alcyonide, belonging to the class anthozoa, and order Asteroida, and consisting of a polype-mass with starlike pores and protrusive polypes." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Alcyonium Digitatum

"A genus of Zoophytes, the type of family called Alcyonide, belonging to the class anthozoa, and order…

"A genus of the natural orer Rosaceae, sub-order Amygdaleae or Drupaceae, consisting of trees or shrubs, distinguished by the coarsely furrowed and wrinkled shell of the drupe, and by the young leaves being conduplicate, or having their sides folded together." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Almond Tree

"A genus of the natural orer Rosaceae, sub-order Amygdaleae or Drupaceae, consisting of trees or shrubs,…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Amaranthaceae. This order contains nearly 300 known species, natives of tropical and temperate countries, but chiefly abounding within the tropics. They are herbs or shrubs, with simple exstipulate leaves, and flowers in heads or spikes." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Amaranth

"A genus of plants of the natural order Amaranthaceae. This order contains nearly 300 known species,…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Hydrocharideae, of which a species A. Canadensis has recently become naturalised in Britain, suddenly appearing in so great abundance as to impede the navigation of some rivers and canals." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Anacharis

"A genus of plants of the natural order Hydrocharideae, of which a species A. Canadensis has recently…

"Star of the order of the Thistle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Order of the Thistle

"Star of the order of the Thistle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

"A genus of Andromeda polifolia of plants of the natural order Ericaceae, distinguished by a 5-valve naked capsule, which splits up through the back of the cells; anthers with two awns, and a globose corolla with the orifice contracted." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Andromeda

"A genus of Andromeda polifolia of plants of the natural order Ericaceae, distinguished by a 5-valve…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Ranunculaceae, having an involucre of three divided leaves, more or less remote from the flower, a petaloid calyx, searcely distinguishable from the corolla, and soft woolly achenia, which in some species have tails." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Anemone Coronaria

"A genus of plants of the natural order Ranunculaceae, having an involucre of three divided leaves,…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Umbelliferae, by some botanists divided into two: A., and Archangelica. The species are mostly herbaceous and perennial, natives of the temperate and colder regions of the northern hemisphere. They have bipinnate or tripinnate leaves." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Angelica

"A genus of plants of the natural order Umbelliferae, by some botanists divided into two: A., and Archangelica.…

"The religious Order of the Heavenly Annunciation, or of the Nuns of the Annunciation of Mary, was instituted by Victoria Fornare at Genoa in 1682, after the rule of St. Augustine. All the convents of the order in France, Germany, and the Netherlands have disappeared since the French Revolution. Some still exist in Italy." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Order of the Annunciation

"The religious Order of the Heavenly Annunciation, or of the Nuns of the Annunciation of Mary, was instituted…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Leguminosae, sub-order Papilionaceae, natives of the warm parts of America, of which, until recently, the only known species was the A. hypogaea, sometimes called the underground kidney-bean, and more frequently the ground-nut. It also receives the names of earth-nut, American earth-nut, and mandubi." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Arachis

"A genus of plants of the natural order Leguminosae, sub-order Papilionaceae, natives of the warm parts…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Coniferae, allied to the cypress, and consisting of evergreen trees and shrubs with compressed or flattened branchlets-small, scale-like, imbricated leaves-and monaecious flowers, which have 4-celled anthers, and the scales of the strobiles with two upright ovules." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Arbor Vitae

"A genus of plants of the natural order Coniferae, allied to the cypress, and consisting of evergreen…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Aristolochiaceae. This order, which is dicotyledonous or exogenous, consists of herbaceous plants or shrubs, orten climbing shrubs, and contains upwards of 130 known species, chiefly natives of warm climates, and particularly abundant in the tropical regions of South America." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Aristolochia

"A genus of plants of the natural order Aristolochiaceae. This order, which is dicotyledonous or exogenous,…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Aristolochiaceae. This order, which is dicotyledonous or exogenous, consists of herbaceous plants or shrubs, orten climbing shrubs, and contains upwards of 130 known species, chiefly natives of warm climates, and particularly abundant in the tropical regions of South America." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Aristolochia

"A genus of plants of the natural order Aristolochiaceae. This order, which is dicotyledonous or exogenous,…

"A genus of plants belonging to the natural order compositae, sub-order Corymbiferae. The flowers of the ray are female and ligulate, those of the disk hermaphrodite and tubular. The receptacle is naked; the pappus hairy. The root, leaves, and flowers of the Mountain Tobacco are much valued in medicine, and administers in various forms as a stimulant in paralytic affections, typhoid fevers, and other diseases." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Arnica Montana

"A genus of plants belonging to the natural order compositae, sub-order Corymbiferae. The flowers of…

"A plant of the natural order Umbelliefrae, a native of the elevated table-lands in the neighborhood of Santa Fe de Bogota and Caracas, and of regions of similar climate in other parts of Tropical America. It is much cultivated in its native country for its roots, which are used as an esculent. The root divides into a number of parts, which resemble cows' horns or large carrots. When boiled, they are firm and tender, with a flavor not so strong as that of a parsnip." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Arracacha

"A plant of the natural order Umbelliefrae, a native of the elevated table-lands in the neighborhood…

"Artocarpaceae, a natural order of Dicotyledonous plants, of which the Bread-fruit is the type; very nearly allied to that of Moraceae, and, like it, by many botanists regarded as a sub-order of Urticaceae. The botanical distinction between Artocarpaceae and Moraceae lies chiefly in the straight embryo and large cotyledons of the former." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Bread-fruit

"Artocarpaceae, a natural order of Dicotyledonous plants, of which the Bread-fruit is the type; very…

"A plant of the natural order Aristolochiaceae, a native of Europe, growing in woods; rare, and perhaps not truly indigenous, in Britain. The whole plant has acrid properties; the roots and leaves are aromatic, purgative, and emetic. b, detached anther; c, style." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Asarabacca

"A plant of the natural order Aristolochiaceae, a native of Europe, growing in woods; rare, and perhaps…

"A genus of trees belonging to the natural order Oleaceae, and distinguished by very imperfect flowers, in which the calyx is obsolete, and the corolla either wanting or 3-4 partite; the fruit is a samara, a seed-vessel foliaceous at the extremity." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Common Ash

"A genus of trees belonging to the natural order Oleaceae, and distinguished by very imperfect flowers,…

"A genus of plans of the natural order Leguminosae, sub-order Papilionaceae. The pod is more or less perfectly 2-celled. The leaves are pinnate, with a terminal leaflet. the species are numerous, natives chiefly of the temperate and colder parts of the Old World, shrubby, and often spiny, or unarmed and herbaceous." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Astragalus

"A genus of plans of the natural order Leguminosae, sub-order Papilionaceae. The pod is more or less…

"By anatomists, the auditory nerve is associated with the facial, and is the seventh in order of origin from the brain, counting from before backwards. The seventh pair consists of the portio dura or facial, the portio mollis or auditory, and a small intermediate portion." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Auditory Nerve

"By anatomists, the auditory nerve is associated with the facial, and is the seventh in order of origin…

"By anatomists, the auditory nerve is associated with the facial, and is the seventh in order of origin from the brain, counting from before backwards. The seventh pair consists of the portio dura or facial, the portio mollis or auditory, and a small intermediate portion." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Auditory Nerve

"By anatomists, the auditory nerve is associated with the facial, and is the seventh in order of origin…

"An order of knighthood in Portugal, instituted by Sancho, the first king of Portugal, in imitation of the order of Calatrava, and having, like it, for its object the subjection of the Moors." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Aviz

"An order of knighthood in Portugal, instituted by Sancho, the first king of Portugal, in imitation…

"An erect, branching perennial, herbaceous plant of the natural order Labiatae, a native of the south of Europe, naturalised in a few places in England." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Balm

"An erect, branching perennial, herbaceous plant of the natural order Labiatae, a native of the south…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Labiatae. The species are all natives of the tropics, or of the warmer temperate parts of the world, and are generally characterized by a pleasant aromatic smell and taste." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Basil

"A genus of plants of the natural order Labiatae. The species are all natives of the tropics, or of…

"A genus of exogenous plants, which gives its name to the natural order Cistaceae; an order allied to Cruciferae and Capparideae, and containing about 200 known species of shrubs and herbaceous plants, chiefly natives of the south of Europe and north of Africa." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Rock-Rose

"A genus of exogenous plants, which gives its name to the natural order Cistaceae; an order allied to…

"A genus of plants of the natural order ranuculaceae having four colored sepals, no corolla, and fruit numerous one-seeded achaenia with long- generally feathery- awns. The species are pretty numerous, herbs or shrubs, generally with climbing stems, natives of very different climates, and much scattered over the world." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Clematis

"A genus of plants of the natural order ranuculaceae having four colored sepals, no corolla, and fruit…

"Cloves are the flower-buds of the Clove-tree. The genus to which this tree belongs is of the natural order Myrtaceae; the calyx has a cylindrical tube and 4-cleft border; the corolla consists of four petals united by their tips; the stamens are in four clusters; and the fruit is an oblong dry berry with one or two cells and as many seeds." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Cloves

"Cloves are the flower-buds of the Clove-tree. The genus to which this tree belongs is of the natural…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Melanthaceae. The species, which are few in number, are stemless, with flowers half subterranean like the crocus, the limb of the perianth and part of the tube only rising above ground. The floews much resemble crocus-flowers, but are readily distinguished by having six instead of three stamens, and three styles instead of one." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Colchicum

"A genus of plants of the natural order Melanthaceae. The species, which are few in number, are stemless,…

"A medicine once in much repute against low fevers, and as a mild stimulant and diaphoretic, and still used in some countries, although not much in Britain, consists of the root-stocks (rhizomes) of different species of Dorstenia, a tropical American plant of the natural order Moraceae. The genus is remarkable for the plane receptacle in which the numerous small flowers are fixed; the male flowers in superficial depressions the female flowers in deep sockets." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Contrayerva

"A medicine once in much repute against low fevers, and as a mild stimulant and diaphoretic, and still…

"A valuable medicinal substance, consisting chiefly of a resin (Resin of Copaiva) and a volatile oil (Oil of Copaiva). It flows from incisions made in the stems of trees of the genus Copaifera, trees with pinnate leaves, of the natural order Leguminosae, sub-order Caesalpinisae, natives of the topical parts of America." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Copaiva Tree

"A valuable medicinal substance, consisting chiefly of a resin (Resin of Copaiva) and a volatile oil…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Umbelliferae, having petals bent in at the middle, and flat compressed fruit. One species only is a native of Britain, the common cow parsnip is hog-weed, called Kiesh in Scotland; a common and rank weed, with coarsely hairy leaves, and stem about 3-5 feet high." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Cow Parsnip

"A genus of plants of the natural order Umbelliferae, having petals bent in at the middle, and flat…

"A name given to many plants, of which the foliage has a pungent, mustard-like taste, and is used as a salad. It is sometimes more strictly confused to the genus Lepidium, a genus of the natural order Cruciferae, having small white flowers, and oblong or rounded laterally compressed pouches (silicules), with the cells one-seeded, and the valves keeled or winged on the back." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Cress

"A name given to many plants, of which the foliage has a pungent, mustard-like taste, and is used as…

"A small procumbent shrub, of the natural order Empetraceae, a native of the northern parts of the world, abundant in the moors of Scotland and the north of England. The order consists of a few heath-like shrubs, which, however, are regarded as having a botanical affinity to Euphorbiaceae, with small unisexual flowers in the axils of the leaves, the fruit a small berry seated in the persistent calyx. b, fruit cut open; c, flower." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Crowberry

"A small procumbent shrub, of the natural order Empetraceae, a native of the northern parts of the world,…

"The name commonly given in the West Indies and other tropical countries to the fruits of certain species of Anona, a genus of trees of the natural order Anonaceae. Some of the fruits of this genus are among the most delicious produced in tropical countries, as the Charimoyer, and even the common custard apple, which is regarded as a native of America, but is now very superior even to the West Indian." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Custard Apple

"The name commonly given in the West Indies and other tropical countries to the fruits of certain species…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Thymeleaceae, having a 4-cleft, funnel-shaped perianth, the throat of which is destitute of scales, eight stamens, and one-seeded succulent fruit." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Daphne Mezereon

"A genus of plants of the natural order Thymeleaceae, having a 4-cleft, funnel-shaped perianth, the…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Liliaceae, having a perianth with bell-shaped limb, and sub-cylindrical tube, and globose seeds with soft testa. Several species are cultivated in our flower-gardens, especially the fragrant Yellow Day-lily, a native of Hungary, Siberia, and the north of China." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Day-lily

"A genus of plants of the natural order Liliaceae, having a perianth with bell-shaped limb, and sub-cylindrical…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Fumariaceae, in appearance and habit much resembling fumitories of extraordinary size. Dielytra spectabilis, a native of Siberia and the northern provinces of China, was introduced into Britain from the island of Chusan in 1846, and rapidly became a general favorite, on account of its long racemes of drooping, delicate, rosy-pink flowers." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Dielytra

"A genus of plants of the natural order Fumariaceae, in appearance and habit much resembling fumitories…

"A very curious and interesting genus of plants of the natural order Droseraceae, having a 5-partite calyx, 5 petals, 10-20 stamens, and one style, with 5 closely united stigmata. Only one species is known, Dionaea muscipula, sometimes called Venus's Fly-trap and the Carolina Catchfly Plant." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Dionaea

"A very curious and interesting genus of plants of the natural order Droseraceae, having a 5-partite…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Rutaceae, having a short 5-partite calx, five some-what unequal petals, ten stamens, and five 1—3 seeded follicular capsules cohering at the base." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Dittany

"A genus of plants of the natural order Rutaceae, having a short 5-partite calx, five some-what unequal…

"A tree of the natural order Liliaceae, remarkable for the size which it sometimes attains, rivalling even the baobab, and of which a celebrated specimen near Orotava, in the island of Tenerife, was found by Humboldt in 1799 to have a stem about 45 feet in circumference, and is described as having been of similar gigantic size in the beginning of the 15th century." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Dragon Tree

"A tree of the natural order Liliaceae, remarkable for the size which it sometimes attains, rivalling…

"Star of the Order of the Black Eagle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Black Eagle

"Star of the Order of the Black Eagle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

"A wood remarkable for its hardness, heaviness, and deep black color, is the heart-wood of different species of Diospyros, of the natural order Ebenaceae, the same genus which produces the Date Plum, Kaki, and other fruits." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Ebony

"A wood remarkable for its hardness, heaviness, and deep black color, is the heart-wood of different…

"A, Cerianthus solitarius. B, Transverse section of the stomodaeum, showing the sulculus, sl, and the arrangement of the mesenteries. C, Oral aspect of Arachnactis brachiolata, the larva of Cerianthus, with seven tentacles. D, Transverse section of an older larva. The numerals indicate the order of development of the mesenteries." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Cerianthus Solitarius

"A, Cerianthus solitarius. B, Transverse section of the stomodaeum, showing the sulculus, sl, and the…

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops under very high powers. Similar series of phases in the order of the small letters in each case, and with the times of observation attached. At f and g occurs the breaking up of the filament into rodlets." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Ramosus

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops…

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops under very high powers. Similar series of phases in the order of the small letters in each case, and with the times of observation attached. At f and g occurs the breaking up of the filament into rodlets." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Ramosus

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops…

"Various stages in the development of the endogenous spores in a Clostridium — the small letters indicate the order." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spores

"Various stages in the development of the endogenous spores in a Clostridium — the small letters…

"Raspberry (Rubus idaeus, order Rosaceae), being fertilized. A, Flower. p, p, Petals. a, a, Anthers. s, Stigma. no, Nectary openings. nc, Nectar Cells. D, Drupels." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Raspberry Fertilization

"Raspberry (Rubus idaeus, order Rosaceae), being fertilized. A, Flower. p, p, Petals. a, a, Anthers.…