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The Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland. She was born on February 6, 1665 and died on August 1, 1714.

Queen Anne of England

The Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland. She was born on February 6, 1665 and died on August 1, 1714.

The King of Great Britain and Ireland from August 1, 1714 until he died on June 11, 1727.

George I, King of England

The King of Great Britain and Ireland from August 1, 1714 until he died on June 11, 1727.

The Queen of Castile and Leon.

Isabella of Castile

The Queen of Castile and Leon.

The King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1625 to 1649.

Charles I

The King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1625 to 1649.

Marie Christina, Queen of Spain.

Marie Christina

Marie Christina, Queen of Spain.

Queen Isabella of Spain.

Isabella

Queen Isabella of Spain.

Martin Behaim (1459-1507), also known as Martin von Behaim and by various forms of Martin of Bohemia was a German mariner, artist, cosmographer, astronomer, philosopher, geographer, and explorer in service to King John II. His maps are sometimes held to have been influential on the Age of Discovery but he is now best known for his Erdapfel, the world's oldest surviving globe, which he produced for the Imperial City of Nuremberg.

Martin Behaim

Martin Behaim (1459-1507), also known as Martin von Behaim and by various forms of Martin of Bohemia…

A cannon from the time of Cortez. "It will be observed that the pieces have no trunnions, and are supported in a kind of trough. They were breech-loaders by means of chambers, three of which, with handles, are seen (in the cut) lying on the ground, and one is in place, in the gun on the right. In the Naval Museum at Annapolis there are guns captured to be the ones used by Cortes. A search of the records of the Ordnance Department at Washington, instituted for me by Commodore Sicard, at the suggestion of Prof. Charles E. Munroe of the Naval Academy, has not, however, revealed any documentary evidence; but a paper in the <em>Army and Navy Journal</em>, Nov. 22, 1884, shows such guns to have been captured by Lieutenant Wyse in the 'Darien.' The guns at Annapolis are provided with like chambers, as seen in photographs kindly sent to me. Similar chambers are now, or were recently, used in firing salutes on the Queen's birthday in St. James' Park." &mdash; Winsor, 1886.

Cannon

A cannon from the time of Cortez. "It will be observed that the pieces have no trunnions, and are supported…

(1500-1558) Charles V was the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

Charles V

(1500-1558) Charles V was the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

(1500-1558) Charles V was the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

Charles V

(1500-1558) Charles V was the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

King's College, Aberdeen, with its tower and crown.

King's College

King's College, Aberdeen, with its tower and crown.

An Inca Manco Capac, the first king of the Kingdom of Cuzco, according to Inca mythology.

Manco Capac

An Inca Manco Capac, the first king of the Kingdom of Cuzco, according to Inca mythology.

Scene from the nursery rhyme, "King Cole."

King Cole

Scene from the nursery rhyme, "King Cole."

Scene from the nursery rhyme, "King Cole."

King Cole

Scene from the nursery rhyme, "King Cole."

Scene from the nursery rhyme, "King Cole."

King Cole

Scene from the nursery rhyme, "King Cole."

He was born on April 2, 742, and was the eldest son of Pepin, the first king of the Franks, of the Carlovingian dynasty.

Charlemagne

He was born on April 2, 742, and was the eldest son of Pepin, the first king of the Franks, of the Carlovingian…

"The most illustrious of Babylonian kings, was the son of Nabopolassar, the general of the Babylonian garrison at the time the Assyrian empire fell to pieces after the death of Assur-bani-pal. The Babylonians then thre off the hated yoke of Assyria, and Nebopolassar was proclaimed king of Babylonia, in 625 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar succeeded him in 604, reigning 43 years, and was one of the greatest sovereigns who ever rules the ancient empire." &mdash; Beach, 1900

Nebuchadnezzar

"The most illustrious of Babylonian kings, was the son of Nabopolassar, the general of the Babylonian…

"The State Carriage of Queen Elizabeth; From Hoefnagel's pring of Nonsuch Palace." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

State Carriage

"The State Carriage of Queen Elizabeth; From Hoefnagel's pring of Nonsuch Palace." — Chambers,…

"Queen Elizabeth's Tomb: In the North Aisle of Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster Abbey." — Chambers, 1881

Queen Elizabeth's Tomb

"Queen Elizabeth's Tomb: In the North Aisle of Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster Abbey." — Chambers,…

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century, the king of beasts was assumed as an appropriate emblem by the sovereigns of England, Scotland, Norway, Denmark, the native princes of Wales, the counts of Flanders and Holland, and various other European potentates." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Rampant Lion

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century,…

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century, the king of beasts was assumed as an appropriate emblem by the sovereigns of England, Scotland, Norway, Denmark, the native princes of Wales, the counts of Flanders and Holland, and various other European potentates." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Gardant Lion

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century,…

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century, the king of beasts was assumed as an appropriate emblem by the sovereigns of England, Scotland, Norway, Denmark, the native princes of Wales, the counts of Flanders and Holland, and various other European potentates." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Rampant Regardant Lion

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century,…

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century, the king of beasts was assumed as an appropriate emblem by the sovereigns of England, Scotland, Norway, Denmark, the native princes of Wales, the counts of Flanders and Holland, and various other European potentates." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Passant Lion

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century,…

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century, the king of beasts was assumed as an appropriate emblem by the sovereigns of England, Scotland, Norway, Denmark, the native princes of Wales, the counts of Flanders and Holland, and various other European potentates." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Lion

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century,…

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century, the king of beasts was assumed as an appropriate emblem by the sovereigns of England, Scotland, Norway, Denmark, the native princes of Wales, the counts of Flanders and Holland, and various other European potentates." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Lion

"The lion holds an important place among the animals born in coat-armor. As early as the 12th century,…

"The Queen Anne farthings were designed by a German of the name of Crocker or Croker, principal engraver to the Mint; and were only patterns of an intended coin, having never been put into circulation; but they are by no means exceedingly scarce." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Queen Anne's Farthing

"The Queen Anne farthings were designed by a German of the name of Crocker or Croker, principal engraver…

"A fine bridge over the Ouse at York, erected in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was taken down some years ago. The span of the largest arch was 81 feet, and the rise 26 feet 3 inches." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

York Bridge

"A fine bridge over the Ouse at York, erected in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was taken down some years…

A coin struck in the reign of queen Elizabeth.

Portcullis

A coin struck in the reign of queen Elizabeth.

A coin struck in the reign of queen Elizabeth.

Portcullis

A coin struck in the reign of queen Elizabeth.

A sovereign crown of Egypt, composed of the tall pointed miter, or white crown, of southern Egypt, combined with te red crown, square in front and rising to a point behind, of northern Egypt.

Pschent

A sovereign crown of Egypt, composed of the tall pointed miter, or white crown, of southern Egypt, combined…

The costume of an Egyptian King.

Egyptian King

The costume of an Egyptian King.

The costume of an Egyptian Queen.

Egyptian Queen

The costume of an Egyptian Queen.

The costume of an Assyrian King.

Assyrian King

The costume of an Assyrian King.

"The angular head-dress of Elizabeth, Queen of Henry VII." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Elizabeth, Queen of Henry VII

"The angular head-dress of Elizabeth, Queen of Henry VII." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The cross of the Danisn order of the Dannebrog, a white cross surmounting a red one, with the royal crown, the cipher of reigning soverign, and the motto "For God and the King," is a characteristic example of the use of the great Christian symbol in the insignia of the knighthood of the present day." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dannebrog

"The cross of the Danisn order of the Dannebrog, a white cross surmounting a red one, with the royal…

"The crown of William I and his successors was a plain circlet heightened with four spikes having trefoil heads." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"The crown of William I and his successors was a plain circlet heightened with four spikes having trefoil…

"Drawn from the royal achievement of Henry VII, sculptured with great spirit above the south entrance to King's College Chapel, Cambridge, the royal motto is inscribed upon the circlet." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"Drawn from the royal achievement of Henry VII, sculptured with great spirit above the south entrance…

"The crown made for the coronation of Queen Victoria, has its entire surface completely covered with jewels, its circlet, crosses, fleurs-de-lys, arches, and mound being alike in displaying varieties of the same precious constructive materials." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"The crown made for the coronation of Queen Victoria, has its entire surface completely covered with…

One of the suspending posts in the framed principal of a roof, or in a trussed partition or other truss, when there are two such posts.

Queen Post

One of the suspending posts in the framed principal of a roof, or in a trussed partition or other truss,…

"An order of knighthood in Portugal, instituted by Sancho, the first king of Portugal, in imitation of the order of Calatrava, and having, like it, for its object the subjection of the Moors." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Aviz

"An order of knighthood in Portugal, instituted by Sancho, the first king of Portugal, in imitation…

A type of roof with many support beams.

King Post Roof

A type of roof with many support beams.

The Sheffield Town Hall was officially opened by Queen Victoria in 1897. The architect was Mr. E. W. Mountford.

Sheffield

The Sheffield Town Hall was officially opened by Queen Victoria in 1897. The architect was Mr. E. W.…

"Honey-bee (Apis mellifica). Queen." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bee

"Honey-bee (Apis mellifica). Queen." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Ovaries of Queen and Workers (Apis). A, Abdomen of queen, under side. P, Petiole. o, o, Ovaries. hs, Position filled by honey-sack. ds, Position through which digestive system passes. od, Oviduct. co.d, Vagina. E, Egg-passing oviduct. s, Spermatheca. i, Intestine. pb, Poison bag. pg, Poison gland. st, Sting. p, "Palps" or "feelers" of sting. B, Rudimentary ovaries of ordinary worker. sp, Rudimentary spermatheca. C, Partially developed ovaries of fertile worker. sp, Rudimentary spermatheca." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bee Ovaries

"Ovaries of Queen and Workers (Apis). A, Abdomen of queen, under side. P, Petiole. o, o, Ovaries. hs,…

"Sign of the king of Lower Egypt; from the coffin of Mykerinos, 1633 B.C." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bee Heiroglyph

"Sign of the king of Lower Egypt; from the coffin of Mykerinos, 1633 B.C." — The Encyclopedia…

"The sacred name of the founder of Buddhism, an Indian sage who appears to have lived in the 5th century B.C. His personal name was Siddhartha, and his family name Gautama; and he is often called also Sakya-muni. His father was the king of Kapilavastu, a few days' journey north of Benares. Siddhartha, filled with a deep compassion for the human race, left his father's court, and lived for years in solitude and contemplation till he had penetrated the mysteries of life and become the Buddha. He then began to teach his new faith, in opposition to the prevailing Brahmanism, commencing at Benares. Among his earliest converts where the monarchs of Magadha and Kosala, in whose kingdoms he chiefly passed the latter portion of his life, respected, honored, and protected." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Buddha

"The sacred name of the founder of Buddhism, an Indian sage who appears to have lived in the 5th century…

"Murillo, Bartolomeo Esteban, the greatest of Spanish painters, was born at Seville in 1618. He received his first instruction in art from his relation, Juan del Castillo. In 1642 he visited Madrid, and was aided by Velasquez, then painter to the king, who procured him permission to copy in the Royal Galleries. Murillo returned to Seville in 1645, where he commenced that great series of works which have now made his name so glorious. He married a lady of fortune in 1648, which much aided his personal influence, and he succeeded in establishing an academy of the arts at Seville in 1660, and acted as president the first year." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Murillo

"Murillo, Bartolomeo Esteban, the greatest of Spanish painters, was born at Seville in 1618. He received…

The front of a Rose Royal coin. It is a very rare English gold coin in the righ of King James 1. Worth thirty shillings.

Rose Ryal

The front of a Rose Royal coin. It is a very rare English gold coin in the righ of King James 1. Worth…

The rear of a Rose Royal coin. It is a very rare English gold coin in the righ of King James 1. Worth thirty shillings.

Rose Ryal

The rear of a Rose Royal coin. It is a very rare English gold coin in the righ of King James 1. Worth…

A symmetrical plant with many dark green leaves on a hair trunk.

Sago Palm

A symmetrical plant with many dark green leaves on a hair trunk.

A king with the earliest bow of the Cremaillere type from the 11th century

Bow

A king with the earliest bow of the Cremaillere type from the 11th century

Individuals socializing in the court

Socializing

Individuals socializing in the court

Canute the Great, Danish king of England, Denmark and Norway

Canute by the Sea-Shore

Canute the Great, Danish king of England, Denmark and Norway

The death of William Rufus, the third son of William the Conqueror and King of England from 1087 until 1100. William Rufus died while hunting in New Forest when he was shot with an arrow through his heart.

Death of William Rufus

The death of William Rufus, the third son of William the Conqueror and King of England from 1087 until…

He is sometimes called the Red King, but more commonly William Rufus. Things went worse than ever with the poor English in his time; for at least William the Conqueror had made everybody mind the law, but now William Rufus let his cruel soldiers do just as they pleased, and spoil what they did not want.

William Rufus II

He is sometimes called the Red King, but more commonly William Rufus. Things went worse than ever with…

Stephen, who was a kind-hearted man himself, tried to stop these cruelties; but then the barons turned round on him, told him he was not their proper king, and invited Maude to come and be crowned in his stead.

Stephen

Stephen, who was a kind-hearted man himself, tried to stop these cruelties; but then the barons turned…

The Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas A. Becket, did not think it was right to consent to a law that said if a priest or monk was thought to have committed any crime, he should be tried by a king's judge, instead of the bishop, and though he and the king had once been great friends, King Henry II was so angry with him that he was forced to leave England, and take shelter with the King of France.

Thomas A-Becket

The Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas A. Becket, did not think it was right to consent to a law that…

During one of King Richard the Lion-Heart's crusades the city of Acre was taken over and a prince, Leopold, Duke of Austria, set up his banner on the walls. Richard did not think it ought to be there: he pulled it up and threw it down into the ditch, asking the duke how he durst take the honors of a king.

Richard Removing the Archduke's Banner

During one of King Richard the Lion-Heart's crusades the city of Acre was taken over and a prince, Leopold,…

As a kind of joke, John, King Henry's youngest son, had been called Lackland, because he had nothing when his brothers each had some great dukedom. The name suited him only too well before the end of his life. The English made him king at once. Richard had never had any children, but his brother Geoffery, who was older than John had left a son named Arthur, who was about twelve years old, and who rightly the Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou. King Philip, who was always glad to vex whoever was king of England, took Arthur under his protection, and promised to get Normandy out of John's hands. However, John had a meeting with him and persuaded him to desert Arthur, and marry his son Louis to John's own niece, Blanche, who had a chance of being queen of part of Spain. Still Arthur lived at the French King's court, and when he was sixteen years old, Philip helped him to raise an army and go to try his fortune against his uncle. He laid siege to Mirabeau, a town where his grandmother, Queen Eleanor, was living. John, who was then in Normandy, hurried to her rescue, beat Arthur's army, made him prisoner and carried him off, first to Romen, and then to the strong castle of Falaise. Nobody quite knows what was done to him there. The governor, Hubert de Burgh, once found him fighting hard, though with no weapon but a stool, to defend himself from some ruffians who had been sent to put out his eyes. Hubert saved him from these men, but shortly after this good man was sent elsewhere by the king, and John came himself to Falaise. Arthur was never seen alive again, and it is believed that John took him out in a boat in the river at night, stabbed him with his own hand, and threw his body in the river.

Murder of Prince Arthur

As a kind of joke, John, King Henry's youngest son, had been called Lackland, because he had nothing…

All this time John Lacklands cruelty and savageness were making the whole kingdom miserable; and at last the great barons bear it no longer. They met together and agreed that they would make John swear to govern by the good old English laws that had prevailed before the Normans came. The difficulty was to be sure of what these laws were, for most of the copies of them had been lost. However, Archbishop Langton and some of the wisest of the barons put together a set of laws-some copied, some recollected, some old, some new-but all such as to give the barons some control of the king, and hinder him from getting savage soldiers together to frighten people into doing whatever he chose to make them. These laws they called Magna Charta, or the great charter; and they all came in armor, and took John by surprise at Windsor. He came to meet them in a meadow named Runnymede, on the bank of the Thames, and there they force him to sign the charter, for which all Englishmen are grateful to them.

John's Anger after Signing Magna Charta

All this time John Lacklands cruelty and savageness were making the whole kingdom miserable; and at…