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(1648-1681) Established the first printing office in Boston and is known for the earliest woodblock engraving in America.

John W. Foster

(1648-1681) Established the first printing office in Boston and is known for the earliest woodblock…

Old-style screw printing press.

Printing Press

Old-style screw printing press.

Printing a program.

Printing

Printing a program.

Renaissance C, 17th century, Elzevir printing office.

C, Renaissance

Renaissance C, 17th century, Elzevir printing office.

"Landing of Federal troops at Parkersburg, Western Virginia. Parkersburg, Va., in 1861 was a thriving post village on the Ohio River, situated at the mouth of the Little Kanawha River, and altogether presented a most picturesque appearance, the houses being very neatly built and well placed. It is about one hundred miles from Wheeling and two hundred and fifty-eight miles from Richmond in a direct W.N.W. line. It contained a courthouse, churches of several denominations, a bank, a printing office and several steam mills. Its population was nearly four thousand. It has excellent turnpike roads to Staunton and Winchester and the Northwestern branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad terminates here. Our view represents the arrival of Federal troops previous to the total clearance of the Kanawha Valley from the presence of Wise and his Confederate troops." —Leslie, 1896

Landing at Parkersburg

"Landing of Federal troops at Parkersburg, Western Virginia. Parkersburg, Va., in 1861 was a thriving…

"Village of Clarksburg, Western Virginia, headquarters of General Rosecrans. Clarksburg, a post village, capital of Harrison County, is situated on the west fork of the Monongahela River, at the mouth of Elk Creek, about two hundred and twenty miles northwest of Richmond. It is built on a high tableland environed by hills. It had in 1861 several churches, academies, two printing offices and many fine stores. Stove coal abounded in its vicinity. The Northwestern Railroad, a branch of the Baltimore and Ohio, passed through it. It has about two thousand inhabitants. For a short time Clarksburg was the headquarters of General Rosecrans. The situation was briefly this: The Cheat Mountain Gaps, the key to the whole country, were held by a strong force, a portion of General Reynolds's brigade, the remainder of which was stationed at Bevery, Huttonsville, and in that vicinity. Other portions of General Rosecrans's command were scattered over almost the whole northwestern part of Virginia, guarding the railroad lines from Wheeling and Parkersburg down to Grafton, and then eastward through the Cheat River country, Oakland, Altamont, and almost to Cumberland, occupying the Kanawha Valley by General Cox's brigade, and holding towns like Weston, Buckhannon, Summerville, Philippi and Bealington." —Leslie, 1896

Village of Clarksburg

"Village of Clarksburg, Western Virginia, headquarters of General Rosecrans. Clarksburg, a post village,…

Gutenberg's press. Screw presses down platen on the type.

Gutenberg Press

Gutenberg's press. Screw presses down platen on the type.

Tredwell of Boston invented the first power press. The type is raised to meet the platen.

First Power Press

Tredwell of Boston invented the first power press. The type is raised to meet the platen.

"Grant's Campaign in Virginia. Repulse of Lee's night attack on Smith's Brigade, Hancock's Corps, Friday, June 3rd, 1864. After the fearful battle of Friday, when Grant so gallantly attempted to force the passage of the Chickahominy and actually carried some of Lee's works, a lull ensued, and night was fast coming on in a universal stillness. But, suddenly, when nearly eight o'clock and as twilight was just vanishing, Hancock's Corps heard in the Confederate Corps heard in the Confederate works just by them the words of command. At once all was in motion, every man at his post. They had not long to wait. Over the intervening crest, clearly defined in the gathering darkness, came Beauregard's men. As the line appeared, Smith's Brigade of Gibbons's Division poured in a volley which pierced the darkness like a flash of lightning. Volley after volley is given, but they press on the Division of Barlow and Gibbons and the left of Wright's Corps. These gallant fellows welcomed their antagonists of the morning, and drove them back with terrible loss. This repulse of the Confederates closed the bloody work of the day, which stands the fiercest action of war."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Grant's Campaign

"Grant's Campaign in Virginia. Repulse of Lee's night attack on Smith's Brigade, Hancock's Corps, Friday,…

"Village of Clarksburg, Western Virginia, headquarters of General Rosecrans. Clarksburg, a post village, capital of Harrison County, is situated on the west fork of the Monongahela River, at the mouth of Elk Creek, about two hundred and twenty miles northwest of Richmond. It is built on a high tableland environed by hills. It had in 1861 several churches, academies, two printing offices and many fine stores. Stove coal abounded in its vicinity. The Northwestern Railroad, a branch of the Baltimore and Ohio, passed through it. It has about two thousand inhabitants. For a short time Clarksburg was the headquarters of General Rosecrans. The situation was briefly this: The Cheat Mountain Gaps, the key to the whole country, were held by a strong force, a portion of General Reynolds's brigade, the remainder of which was stationed at Bevery, Huttonsville, and in that vicinity. Other portions of General Rosecrans's command were scattered over almost the whole northwestern part of Virginia, guarding the railroad lines from Wheeling and Parkersburg down to Grafton, and then eastward through the Cheat River country, Oakland, Altamont, and almost to Cumberland, occupying the Kanawha Valley by General Cox's brigade, and holding towns like Weston, Buckhannon, Summerville, Philippi and Bealington." —Leslie, 1896

Village of Clarksburg

"Village of Clarksburg, Western Virginia, headquarters of General Rosecrans. Clarksburg, a post village,…

"Village of Clarksburg, Western Virginia, headquarters of General Rosecrans. Clarksburg, a post village, capital of Harrison County, is situated on the west fork of the Monongahela River, at the mouth of Elk Creek, about two hundred and twenty miles northwest of Richmond. It is built on a high tableland environed by hills. It had in 1861 several churches, academies, two printing offices and many fine stores. Stove coal abounded in its vicinity. The Northwestern Railroad, a branch of the Baltimore and Ohio, passed through it. It has about two thousand inhabitants. For a short time Clarksburg was the headquarters of General Rosecrans. The situation was briefly this: The Cheat Mountain Gaps, the key to the whole country, were held by a strong force, a portion of General Reynolds's brigade, the remainder of which was stationed at Bevery, Huttonsville, and in that vicinity. Other portions of General Rosecrans's command were scattered over almost the whole northwestern part of Virginia, guarding the railroad lines from Wheeling and Parkersburg down to Grafton, and then eastward through the Cheat River country, Oakland, Altamont, and almost to Cumberland, occupying the Kanawha Valley by General Cox's brigade, and holding towns like Weston, Buckhannon, Summerville, Philippi and Bealington." —Leslie, 1896

Village of Clarksburg

"Village of Clarksburg, Western Virginia, headquarters of General Rosecrans. Clarksburg, a post village,…

"Benjamin Franklin's printing press."—Lossing, 1851

Franklin's Press

"Benjamin Franklin's printing press."—Lossing, 1851

An early printing press

Printing Press

An early printing press

"Thomas Alva Edison was born at Milan, Ohio, February 11, 1847, but the family soon after moved to Port Huron, Michigan. He had to earn his living from early boyhood, and was a train boy on a railroad. A station master, whose child's life Edison had saved, taught the boy telegraphy, and in this art Edison quickly became an expert. In 1868 he chanced to be in New York when the indicator of a gold and stock company was broken, and he not only repaired it, but in doing so struck out a new invention, the printing telegraph. He sold his invention in 1876 and established himself at Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he built workshops for carrying out experiments in the application of electricity. It would take a very long paragraph even to name the devices and inventions which have followed, the most far-reaching being, perhaps, his system of electric lighting, his microphone, and the phonograph."—Scudder, 1897

Thomas Alva Edison

"Thomas Alva Edison was born at Milan, Ohio, February 11, 1847, but the family soon after moved to Port…

"The Linotype is a machine, operated by finger keys, which automatically produces and assembles, ready for the press or stereotyping table, type metal bars, each bearing, properly justified, the type characters to print an entire line."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Linotype

"The Linotype is a machine, operated by finger keys, which automatically produces and assembles, ready…

"Showing how an improvised apparatus, or temporary tourniquet, may be adapted to arrest bleeding from an artery in the arm. This apparatus consists of a potato held in place over the partery by a pocket handkerchief used as a band. A stick, picked up on the ground, is inserted benearth the band on the opposite side of the limb and used as a lever to press the potato firmly against the artery." — Blaisedell, 1904

Tourniquet

"Showing how an improvised apparatus, or temporary tourniquet, may be adapted to arrest bleeding from…

Machine for printing wall paper.

Wallpaper Printing Machine

Machine for printing wall paper.

"A Tail-piece is a piece at the end, as of a series of engravings; an appendage. Also a piece of ebony or other material appended to the end of a violin or other similar instrument, to which the strings are fastened. In printing, tail-pieces are ornaments in wood or metal placed in short pages, partly to fill up the vacancy."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tail-piece

"A Tail-piece is a piece at the end, as of a series of engravings; an appendage. Also a piece of ebony…

"In aiming, lying down, raise the piece with both hands; rest on both elbows and press the butt firmly against the right shoulder." — Moss, 1914

Aim lying down

"In aiming, lying down, raise the piece with both hands; rest on both elbows and press the butt firmly…

"In bleeding from the thigh, leg, or foot press backward with the thumbs on the femoral artery at the middle of the groin where the artery passes over the bone. The point is a little higher up than that indicated in Fig 6." — Moss, 1914

Femoral compression

"In bleeding from the thigh, leg, or foot press backward with the thumbs on the femoral artery at the…

"The principal of a tourniquet is easily understood, a pad or compass placed on the line of the artery and a strap or band to go over the pad and around the limb so that, when tightened, it will press the pad down upon the artery and interrupt the flow of the blood." — Moss, 1914

Tourniquet

"The principal of a tourniquet is easily understood, a pad or compass placed on the line of the artery…

"The following is a representation of a wine-press, in which the grapes are squeezed in a bag." — Goodrich, 1844

Egyptian Wine-Press

"The following is a representation of a wine-press, in which the grapes are squeezed in a bag." —…

Writer for a weekly press.

Hon. William Walter Phelps

Writer for a weekly press.

A machine used for striking and stamping coins.

Coin Press

A machine used for striking and stamping coins.

A press for printing books, newspapers, handbills, and the like.

Printing-press

A press for printing books, newspapers, handbills, and the like.

A machine for taking by pressure, an exact copy of any manuscript recently written.

Copying-press

A machine for taking by pressure, an exact copy of any manuscript recently written.

A tool used for setting up letters in printing.

Composing Stick

A tool used for setting up letters in printing.

"Pascal's law finds an important application in the hydraulic press, in the more common forms of which the pressure of a piston operated by a lever is transmitted though a pipe to a piston of larger area." — Avery, 1895

Hydraulic press

"Pascal's law finds an important application in the hydraulic press, in the more common forms of which…

"The art of printing from movable types is of comparatively modern origin, only four hundred years having elapsed since the first book printed in this manner was issued from the press." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Compositor

"The art of printing from movable types is of comparatively modern origin, only four hundred years having…

"The wood used for engraving is boxwood, nearly all of which is imported from Turkey." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Wood Engraving

"The wood used for engraving is boxwood, nearly all of which is imported from Turkey." —The Popular…

"In all engraving upon metal plates the traces or marks which are to appear on the paper are cut or sunk into the plate." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Copper-Plate Printing

"In all engraving upon metal plates the traces or marks which are to appear on the paper are cut or…

The inventer of the art of printing.

John Guttenberg

The inventer of the art of printing.

A Bramah Press.

Bramah Press

A Bramah Press.

Woman operating a coining press at the US Mint.

Coining Press

Woman operating a coining press at the US Mint.

An American evangelist and publisher who founded the Moody Church, Northfield School and Mount Hermon School in Massachusetts, the Moody Bible Institute and Moody Press.

Dwight Moody

An American evangelist and publisher who founded the Moody Church, Northfield School and Mount Hermon…

A mechanical device for printing multiple copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. It was invented in the West by a German goldsmithand eventual printer, Johann Gutenberg in the 1450s. Apart from Gutenberg, the Dutch laurens Janszoon coster has also been credited with this invention.

Printing Press

A mechanical device for printing multiple copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. It was invented…

"Willson's Historical Series- Franklin, The Printer's Boy"-Willson, 1859.

Printers Boy

"Willson's Historical Series- Franklin, The Printer's Boy"-Willson, 1859.

This illustration shows the Russian government destroying a Nihilist printing-office.

Nihilist Printers

This illustration shows the Russian government destroying a Nihilist printing-office.

This illustration shows the tool used for pressing and baling cotton.

Cotton Press

This illustration shows the tool used for pressing and baling cotton.

An ancient printing office, with one of the first forms of the printing press.

Ancient Printing

An ancient printing office, with one of the first forms of the printing press.

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards and the back A is removed by unhooking the brass spring clips B, B, and lifting it out. The tracing is laid on the glass C, with the inked side touching the glass. A sheet of the prepared paper, perfectly dry, is laid on the tracing with the yellow side downwards." — Hallock, 1905

Painting Frame

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards…

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards and the back A is removed by unhooking the brass spring clips B, B, and lifting it out. The tracing is laid on the glass C, with the inked side touching the glass. A sheet of the prepared paper, perfectly dry, is laid on the tracing with the yellow side downwards." — Hallock, 1905. The painting frame is used to hold the original in contact with the light-sensitive paper in the blueprint reproduction process.

Painting Frame

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards…

A press used for bookbinding.

Arming Press

A press used for bookbinding.

A machine used to press metal in to different shapes.

Stamping Machine

A machine used to press metal in to different shapes.

"An Ancient Egyptian Wine-press. The process of treading, which seems to have prevailed from the earliest ages. The treaders are being assisted by ropes fixed to the roof of the press." — Chambers, 1881

Wine-press

"An Ancient Egyptian Wine-press. The process of treading, which seems to have prevailed from the earliest…

An agricultural tool used for flattening land and breaking up large pieces of dirt.

Press-Wheel Roller

An agricultural tool used for flattening land and breaking up large pieces of dirt.

A type of printing press.

Hand Press

A type of printing press.

A type of printing press.

Web Machine

A type of printing press.

A type of printing press.

Stop Cylinder Machine

A type of printing press.

A rolling pair of cylinders which metal is passed through to form bars, plates, or sheets.

Spiral Roller

A rolling pair of cylinders which metal is passed through to form bars, plates, or sheets.

A roller used to bind books.

Bookbinder Roller

A roller used to bind books.

"The electrical machine most usually employed consists of a large circular plate of glass, mounted upon a metallic axis, and supported upon pillars fixed to a secure base, so that the plate can, by means of a handle, w, be turned with ease. Upon the supports of the glass, and fixed so as to press easily but uniformly on the plate, are four rubbers, marked r r r r in the figure; and flaps of silk, s s, oiled on one side, are attached to these, and secured to fixed supports by several silk cords. When the machine is put in motion, these flaps of silk are drawn tightly against the glass, and thus the friction is increased, and electricity excited. The points p p collect the electricity from the glass, and convey it to the conductor, c, which is supported by the glass rod g." —Wells, 1857

Electrical Machine

"The electrical machine most usually employed consists of a large circular plate of glass, mounted upon…

"A section of part of a lace machine. E is the cylinder or beam upon which the lace is rolled as made, and upon which the ends of both warp and weft threads are fastened at starting. Beneath are w, w, w, a series of trays or beams, one above the other, containing the reels of the supplies of warp threads; c, c represent the slide bars for the passage of the bobbin b with its thread from k to k, the landing bars, one on each side of the rank of warp threads; s, t are the combs which take it in turns to press together the twistings as they are made. The combs are so regulated that they come away clear from the threads as soon as they have pressed them together and fall into positions ready to perform their pressing operations again." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Lace Machine

"A section of part of a lace machine. E is the cylinder or beam upon which the lace is rolled as made,…

"The pump barrel, a, b, is represented as divided lengthwise, in order to show the inside. The piston, c, is fitted so accurately to the barrel, as to work up and down water tight; both barrel and piston being made of iron. The thing to be broken or pressed, is laid on the flat surface, i, there being above this, a strong frame to meet the pressure, not shown in the figure. The small forcing pump, of which d is the piston, and h, the lever by which it is worked, is also made of iron." —Comstock, 1850

Hydraulic Press

"The pump barrel, a, b, is represented as divided lengthwise, in order to show the inside. The piston,…

"The nut, N, through which the screw passes, answers also for one of the beams of the press. If the screw be turned to the right, it wil advance downwards, while the nut stands still." -Comstock 1850

Nut Fixed Screw

"The nut, N, through which the screw passes, answers also for one of the beams of the press. If the…

"A screw is a cylinder, generally made of wood or metal, with a spiral ridge (the thread) winding about its circumfrence. The thread works in a nut, withihn which there is a corresponding spiral groove to receive the thread." -Avery 1895

Screw press

"A screw is a cylinder, generally made of wood or metal, with a spiral ridge (the thread) winding about…

"Pascal's Law finds an important application in the hydraulic press, in the more common forms of which the pressure of a piston operated by a lever is transmitted through a pipe to a piston of larger area." -Avery 1895

Hydraulic Press

"Pascal's Law finds an important application in the hydraulic press, in the more common forms of which…

"Pascal's Law finds an important application in the hydraulic press, in the more common forms of which the pressure of a piston operated by a lever is transmitted through a pipe to a piston of larger area." -Avery 1895

Hydraulic Press, Perspective

"Pascal's Law finds an important application in the hydraulic press, in the more common forms of which…

"When force is applied at bar P which turns the screw. The plate B moves vertically with the screw, but does not turn. This allows the books to be compressed as the plate descends." —Quackenbos 1859

Bookbinder Press

"When force is applied at bar P which turns the screw. The plate B moves vertically with the screw,…

Jaws of a tiger, showing that when the jaws are closed the ends of the teeth do not press upon the ends of the teeth that are opposite to them, but instead the teeth pass by each other. This arrangement of these long tearing teeth gives them great power in tearing flesh.

Jaws of a Tiger

Jaws of a tiger, showing that when the jaws are closed the ends of the teeth do not press upon the ends…