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Illustration of magnified <i>Spirochaeta obermeieri</i>. This genus of bacteria have "the cells united in long slender threads which usually show narrow spiral windings. The filaments have the liveliest movements, and clearly propel themselves forward and back, but are also able to bend in various ways...<i>S. obermeieri</i> is found in the blood of those sick with recurrent fever, is the cause of the disease." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Spirochaeta Obermeieri, Bacteria

Illustration of magnified Spirochaeta obermeieri. This genus of bacteria have "the cells united in long…

"Bacilli, or Rod-Shaped Bacteria. From a culture obtained in antharax, or malignant pustule, of the face. Diseased hides carry this micro-organism and thus may occaision this fatal disease among those who handle hides and wool." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Bacilli

"Bacilli, or Rod-Shaped Bacteria. From a culture obtained in antharax, or malignant pustule, of the…

"Bacilli mingles with blood-corpuscles from the blood of a guinea-pig; some of the bacilli dividing." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Anthracis

"Bacilli mingles with blood-corpuscles from the blood of a guinea-pig; some of the bacilli dividing."…

"The rodlets after three hours' culture in a drop of aqueous humour. They grow out into long leptothrix-like filaments, which become septate later, and spores are developed in the segments." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Anthracis

"The rodlets after three hours' culture in a drop of aqueous humour. They grow out into long leptothrix-like…

"A pair of bacilli actively growing and dividing." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Megaterium

"A pair of bacilli actively growing and dividing." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"A rodlet in this condition (but divided into four segments) after treatment with alcoholic iodine solution." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Megaterium

"A rodlet in this condition (but divided into four segments) after treatment with alcoholic iodine solution."…

"Successive stages in the development of the spores." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Megaterium

"Successive stages in the development of the spores." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"A rodlet segmented in four, each segment containing one ripe spore." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Megaterium

"A rodlet segmented in four, each segment containing one ripe spore." — The Encyclopedia Britannica,…

"Early stages in the germination of the spores (after being dried several days)." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Megaterium

"Early stages in the germination of the spores (after being dried several days)." — The Encyclopedia…

"Successive stages in the germination of the spore." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Megaterium

"Successive stages in the germination of the spore." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops under very high powers. The spore sown at 11 A.M., as shown at a, had swollen (b) perceptibly by noon, and had germinated by 3:30 P.M., as shown at c: in d at 6 P.M., and e at 8:30 P.M.; the resulting filament is segmenting into bacilli as it elongates, and at midnight (f) consisted of twelve such segments." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Ramosus

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops…

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops under very high powers. Similar series of phases in the order of the small letters in each case, and with the times of observation attached. At f and g occurs the breaking up of the filament into rodlets." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Ramosus

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops…

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops under very high powers. Similar series of phases in the order of the small letters in each case, and with the times of observation attached. At f and g occurs the breaking up of the filament into rodlets." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Ramosus

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops…

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops under very high powers. Germinating spores in various stages, more highly magnified, and showing the different ways of escape of the filament from the spore-membrane." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Ramosus

"The various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as actually observed in hanging drops…

"Bacillus subtilis, Cohn, and Spirillum undula, Ehrenb." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Subtilis

"Bacillus subtilis, Cohn, and Spirillum undula, Ehrenb." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Bacillus Typhi, Gaffky." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Typhi

"Bacillus Typhi, Gaffky." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Bacillus Vulgaris, Migula." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Vulgaris

"Bacillus Vulgaris, Migula." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacteria that cause blight.

Bacteria

Bacteria that cause blight.

Harmless bacteria so numerous in drinking water that a person often takes a half-million into his stomach daily.

Bacteria

Harmless bacteria so numerous in drinking water that a person often takes a half-million into his stomach…

Useful bacteria which change dead matter into food for the grass, wheat, and corn.

Bacteria

Useful bacteria which change dead matter into food for the grass, wheat, and corn.

The point of the finest cambric needle, with a particle of dust (above) and bacteria (below) for scale.

bacteria and cambric needle

The point of the finest cambric needle, with a particle of dust (above) and bacteria (below) for scale.

Image A is of bacteria that needs air to grow. Image B is of bacteria that do not need air to grow.

Grown Bacteria

Image A is of bacteria that needs air to grow. Image B is of bacteria that do not need air to grow.

"Different Kinds of Milk Bacteria. It is not uncommon for a large number of person to be poisoned from eating ice cream at some public gathering. This is caused by a change in the milk brought about by the presence of bacteria. The poisonous product of their action called "tyrotoxicon", may also be found in other foods which have milk as their basis, such as cheese, custard, and so on. There are vomiting and purging within a few hours after eating the food, succeeded by a great nervous prostration, from which recovery follows slowly." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Milk bacteria

"Different Kinds of Milk Bacteria. It is not uncommon for a large number of person to be poisoned from…

A cud-chewing animal of the Old World, especially adapted by nature to travel waste deserts with scarcity of food and water. Pictured: dromedary and two-humped camel.

Dromedary, two-humped camel

A cud-chewing animal of the Old World, especially adapted by nature to travel waste deserts with scarcity…

"Spiral Form of the Bacteria found in Cholera." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Cholera

"Spiral Form of the Bacteria found in Cholera." — Blaisedell, 1904

"Clostridium&mdash;one cell contains two spores." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Clostridium

"Clostridium—one cell contains two spores." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Germination of spore of Clostridium butyricum&mdash;the axis of growth coincides with the long axis of the spore." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Clostridium

"Germination of spore of Clostridium butyricum—the axis of growth coincides with the long axis…

A healthy potted clover plant.

Clover, Potted

A healthy potted clover plant.

"A chair of cocci of Leuconostoc mesenterioides, with two "resting spores," i.e. anthrospores." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Cocci

"A chair of cocci of Leuconostoc mesenterioides, with two "resting spores," i.e. anthrospores." —…

"Showing the Effect of Variations in Temperature on Bacteria Growth. a, a single bacterium; b, its progeny in twenty-four hours at fifty degrees; c, its progeny in twenty-four hours at seventy degrees." — Blaisedell, 1904

Bacteria Growth

"Showing the Effect of Variations in Temperature on Bacteria Growth. a, a single bacterium; b, its progeny…

"Microspira Comma, Schroeter." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Microspira Comma

"Microspira Comma, Schroeter." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Showing the Comparative Size of Molds (a), Yeast (b and c), and Bacteria (d)." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Molds, yeast, and bacteria

"Showing the Comparative Size of Molds (a), Yeast (b and c), and Bacteria (d)." — Blaisedell,…

"Colonies of Myconostoc enveoped in diffluent matrix." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Myconostoc

"Colonies of Myconostoc enveoped in diffluent matrix." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Colonies of Myconostoc enveoped in diffluent matrix." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Myconostoc

"Colonies of Myconostoc enveoped in diffluent matrix." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Colonies of Myconostoc enveoped in diffluent matrix." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Myconostoc

"Colonies of Myconostoc enveoped in diffluent matrix." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Nodules on the root system of a bean plant where nitrogen-fixing bacteria live.

Nodules, root

Nodules on the root system of a bean plant where nitrogen-fixing bacteria live.

Nodules on the root system of a hairy vetch.

Nodules, root

Nodules on the root system of a hairy vetch.

"This picture is based upon a photograph of a painting which has won great fame during recent years. The artist has represented Pasteur, the celebrated scientist, busily at work in his laboratory, recording the results of his microscopal study of bacteria. As the great master of modern science rests for a moment from his midnight researches, he appears to see in a vision the victims of pestilence, famine, and infectious diseases imploring relief from the good angel who symbolizes the wonderful victories won by Pasteur in combating disease." — Blaisedell, 1904

Louis Pasteur

"This picture is based upon a photograph of a painting which has won great fame during recent years.…

"Planococcus citreus (Menge), Migula." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Planococcus Citreus

"Planococcus citreus (Menge), Migula." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Their bodies consist either of aa simple elementary cell, with its contents, or of an aggregation of several of these cells; each, however, still appearing to retain its independent existence. They are generally of a very minute size, and only to be observed with the microscope." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Protozoans

"Their bodies consist either of aa simple elementary cell, with its contents, or of an aggregation of…

"Pseudomonas Macroselmis, Migula." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Pseudomonas Macroselmis

"Pseudomonas Macroselmis, Migula." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Pseudomonas pyocyanea" &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Pseudomonas Pyocyanea

"Pseudomonas pyocyanea" — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Pseudomonas Syncyanea, Migula." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Pseudomonas Syncyanea

"Pseudomonas Syncyanea, Migula." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"A motile rodlet with one cilium and with a spore formed inside." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Rodlet

"A motile rodlet with one cilium and with a spore formed inside." — The Encyclopedia Britannica,…

"Spore-formation in Vibrio-like (c) and Spirillum-like (a, b, d) Schizomycetes." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Schizomycetes

"Spore-formation in Vibrio-like (c) and Spirillum-like (a, b, d) Schizomycetes." — The Encyclopedia…

"Spirillum containing many spores (a), which are liberated at b by the breaking up of the parent cells." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spirillum

"Spirillum containing many spores (a), which are liberated at b by the breaking up of the parent cells."…

"Spirillum Rubrum, Esmarsch." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spirillum Rubrum

"Spirillum Rubrum, Esmarsch." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Spirillum Rubrum, Esmarsch." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spirillum Rubrum

"Spirillum Rubrum, Esmarsch." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Spirillum Undula, Ehrunb." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spirillum Undula

"Spirillum Undula, Ehrunb." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Spirillum Undula, Ehrunb." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spirillum Undula

"Spirillum Undula, Ehrunb." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Long rod-like form containing a spore (these are the so-called "Kopfchenbacterien" of German authors)." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spore

"Long rod-like form containing a spore (these are the so-called "Kopfchenbacterien" of German authors)."…

"Germination of the spore of the hay bacillus&mdash;the axis of growth of the germinal rodlet is at right angles to the long axis of the spore." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spore

"Germination of the spore of the hay bacillus—the axis of growth of the germinal rodlet is at…

"Various stages in the development of the endogenous spores in a Clostridium &mdash; the small letters indicate the order." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spores

"Various stages in the development of the endogenous spores in a Clostridium — the small letters…

"Endogenous spores of the hay bacillus." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spores

"Endogenous spores of the hay bacillus." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

A tumbler containing a piece of potato. It is covered with cotton. This is used to grow bacteria.

Tumbler

A tumbler containing a piece of potato. It is covered with cotton. This is used to grow bacteria.

"Vibrio form with spore." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Vibrio

"Vibrio form with spore." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Mixed zoogloea found as a pellicle on the surface of vegetable infusions; it consists of various forms, and contains cocci (a) and rodlets, in series (b and c)." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Zoogloea

"Mixed zoogloea found as a pellicle on the surface of vegetable infusions; it consists of various forms,…

"Egg-shaped mass of zoogloea of Beggiatoa roseo-persicina (Bacterium rubescens of Lankster); the gelatinous swollen walls of the large crowded cocci are fused into a common gelatinous envelope." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Zoogloea

"Egg-shaped mass of zoogloea of Beggiatoa roseo-persicina (Bacterium rubescens of Lankster); the gelatinous…

"Reticulate zoogloea of the same." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Zoogloea

"Reticulate zoogloea of the same." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Branched fruticose zoogloea of Cladothrix." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Zoogloea

"Branched fruticose zoogloea of Cladothrix." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910