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An illustration of calculating the density of a liquid.

Density

An illustration of calculating the density of a liquid.

An egg dropped in fresh and salt water to show the properties of density.

Egg Plunged in Fresh and Salt Water

An egg dropped in fresh and salt water to show the properties of density.

An instrument used to measure the force of the intermingling of two liquids of different densities, in close juxtaposition, but separated by a thin membranous tissue.

Endosmometer

An instrument used to measure the force of the intermingling of two liquids of different densities,…

This illustration shows gas with a heavier density then air collecting at the bottom of a beaker.

Gas Density

This illustration shows gas with a heavier density then air collecting at the bottom of a beaker.

A Hempel Gas Burette is an instrument used to measure gases.

Hempel Gas Burette

A Hempel Gas Burette is an instrument used to measure gases.

"The Fahrenheit hydrometer of constant volume is made of glass, the bulb at the bottom being loaded with mercury or shot." — Avery, 1895

Hydrometer

"The Fahrenheit hydrometer of constant volume is made of glass, the bulb at the bottom being loaded…

Nicholson's Hydrometer, consists of a hollow cylinder of metal with conical ends, terminated above by a very thin rod bearing a small dish, and carrying at its lower end a kind of basket. This latter is of such weight that when the instrument is immersed in water a weight of 100 grammes must be placed in the dish above in order to sink the apparatus as far as a certain mark on the rod. By the principle of Archimedes, the weight of the instrument, together with the 100 grammes which it carries, is equal to the weight of the water displaced. Now, let the instrument be placed in another liquid, and the weights in the dish above be altered until they are just sufficient to make the instrument be placed in another liquid, and the weights in the dish above be altered until they are just sufficient to make the instrument sink to the mark on the rod.

Hydrometer

Nicholson's Hydrometer, consists of a hollow cylinder of metal with conical ends, terminated above by…

Nicholson's Hydrometer, consists of a hollow cylinder of metal with conical ends, terminated above by a very thin rod bearing a small dish, and carrying at its lower end a kind of basket. This latter is of such weight that when the instrument is immersed in water a weight of 100 grammes must be placed in the dish above in order to sink the apparatus as far as a certain mark on the rod. By the principle of Archimedes, the weight of the instrument, together with the 100 grammes which it carries, is equal to the weight of the water displaced. Now, let the instrument be placed in another liquid, and the weights in the dish above be altered until they are just sufficient to make the instrument be placed in another liquid, and the weights in the dish above be altered until they are just sufficient to make the instrument sink to the mark on the rod.

Hydrometer

Nicholson's Hydrometer, consists of a hollow cylinder of metal with conical ends, terminated above by…

"As generally made, a hydrometer of constant weight consists of a glass tube near the bottom of which are two bulbs. The lower and smaller bulb is loaded with mercury or shot. The tube and upper bulb contain air. The point to which it sinks when placed in water is marked zero. The tube is graduated, the scale being arbitrary, and varying with the purpose for which the instrument is intended." — Avery, 1895

Hydrometer of constant weight

"As generally made, a hydrometer of constant weight consists of a glass tube near the bottom of which…

"Hydrometers of variable immersion are usually light hollow glass spindles weighted by shot or mercury."—Finley, 1917

Standard hydrometer

"Hydrometers of variable immersion are usually light hollow glass spindles weighted by shot or mercury."—Finley,…

"The US Treasury Dept. and its internal revenue servie uses a series of carefully adjusted hydrometers for determing the amount of alcohol in various distilled liquors."—Finley, 1917

US Internal Revenue hydrometer

"The US Treasury Dept. and its internal revenue servie uses a series of carefully adjusted hydrometers…

"Another illustration of how luminous density varies inversely as the square of the distance." —Croft 1917

Light Intensity Versus Distance

"Another illustration of how luminous density varies inversely as the square of the distance." —Croft…

This illustration shows metal sinking to the bottom of a beaker.

Metal Density

This illustration shows metal sinking to the bottom of a beaker.

When gases of different densities are inclosed in the same space an intimate mixture takes place, so that each gas becomes uniformly diffused throughout the entire space.

Mixture of Gases

When gases of different densities are inclosed in the same space an intimate mixture takes place, so…

"The most common way of determining the density of such a body [that is heavier than water] if it is unsoluble in water, is to find its weight in air (w); find its weight when immersed in water (w'); divide the weight in air by the loss of weight in water." -Avery 1895

Scale Designed to Weigh Objects While Underwater

"The most common way of determining the density of such a body [that is heavier than water] if it is…

A device used for measuring the specific gravity of an object or substance.

Specific gravity bottle

A device used for measuring the specific gravity of an object or substance.

One of the commonest ways of determining the density of a solid body is to weight it first in air and then in water.

Specific Gravity of Solids

One of the commonest ways of determining the density of a solid body is to weight it first in air and…