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"ailmentary canal of a honey bee. at, honey stomach; s, true stomach; nt, intestine; o, esophagus; sg, salivary glands; k, kidneys." —Davison, 1906

Ailmentary Canal

"ailmentary canal of a honey bee. at, honey stomach; s, true stomach; nt, intestine; o, esophagus; sg,…

A diagram of the digestive system.

Digestive System

A diagram of the digestive system.

Organs of the digestive system.

Organs of the Digestive System

Organs of the digestive system.

The passage to the esophagus and windpipe. Labels: c, the tongue; d, the soft palate ending in g, the uvula; h, the epiglottis; i, the glottis; I, the esophagus; f, the pharynx.

Passage to the Esophagus and Windpipe

The passage to the esophagus and windpipe. Labels: c, the tongue; d, the soft palate ending in g, the…

The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind.

Position of the Esophagus in the Cervical Region

The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.…

Diagram to show the course of the esophagus.

Course of the Esophagus

Diagram to show the course of the esophagus.

An Image of an esophagus showing how a mass of food, or bolus, passes through the esophagus into the stomach. The tissue in front is relaxed, while the tissue behind the bolus is in contraction. When food is not going through it, the esophagus looks like the wave of contraction in the picture.

Human Esophagus

An Image of an esophagus showing how a mass of food, or bolus, passes through the esophagus into the…

Structure of the esophagus shown in transverse section.

Section of Esophagus

Structure of the esophagus shown in transverse section.

The relationship of the esophagus, trachea and aorta in an infant.

Esophagus, Trachea, and Aorta in an Infant

The relationship of the esophagus, trachea and aorta in an infant.

Transverse section of esophagus, unction of middle and upper third.

Transverse Section of Esophagus

Transverse section of esophagus, unction of middle and upper third.

Two diagrams to illustrate the development of the intestinal canal. The figure to the right shows the rotation of the intestinal loop round the superior mesenteric artery. In both figures the parts are supposed to be viewed from the left side.

Development of the Intestinal Canal

Two diagrams to illustrate the development of the intestinal canal. The figure to the right shows the…

The larynx viewed from its pharyngeal opening. The back wall of the pharynx has been divided and its edges (11) turned aside. Labels: 1, body of hyoid; 2, its small, and 3, its great, horns; 4, upper and lower horns of thyroid cartilage; 5, mucous membrane of front of pharynx, covering the back of the cricoid cartilage; 6, upper end of gullet; 7, windpipe, lying in front of the gullet; 8, eminence caused by cartilage of Santorini; 9, eminence caused by cartilage of Wrisberg -- both lie in, 10, the aryteno-epiglottidean fold of mucous membrane, surrounding the opening (aditus laryngis) from pharynx to larynx; a, projecting tip of epiglottis; c, the glottis -- the lines leading from the letter point to the free vibrating edges of the vocal cords; b' the ventricles of the larynx -- their upper edges, marking them off from the eminences b, are the false vocal cords.

Larynx

The larynx viewed from its pharyngeal opening. The back wall of the pharynx has been divided and its…

The mouth, nose, and pharynx, with the commencement of gullet (esophagus) and larynx, as exposed by a section a little to the left of the median plane of the head. Labels: a, vertebrae; b, gullet; c, trachea; d, larynx; e, epiglottis; f, soft palate; g, opening of Eustachian tube; k, tongue; l, hard palate; o, p, q, inferior turbinate bones of left nasal chamber.

The Mouth, Nose, and Pharynx

The mouth, nose, and pharynx, with the commencement of gullet (esophagus) and larynx, as exposed by…

The mouth, nose, and pharynx, with the larynx and commencement of gullet (esophagus), seen in section. Labels: a, vertebral column; b, gullet (esophagus); c, trachea; d, larynx; e, epiglottis; f, soft palate, between f and e is the opening at back of cavity or faces; g, opening of Eustachian tube; h, nasal cavity; k, tongue; l, hard palate; m, sphenoid bone at base of skull; n, roof of nasal cavity; o, p, q, placed in nasal cavity.

The Mouth, Nose, and Pharynx

The mouth, nose, and pharynx, with the larynx and commencement of gullet (esophagus), seen in section.…

The mouth, nose, and pharynx, with the commencement of the gullet (esophagus) and larynx, as exposed by a section, a little to the left of the median plane of the head. Labels: a, vertebral column; b, gullet; c, windpipe; d, larynx; e, epiglottis; f, soft palate; g, opening of Esutachian tube; k, tongue; l, hard palate; m; the sphenoid bone on the base of the skull; n, the fore part of the cranial cavity; o,p,q, the turbinate bones of the outer side of the left nostril chamber.

The Mouth, Nose, and Pharynx

The mouth, nose, and pharynx, with the commencement of the gullet (esophagus) and larynx, as exposed…

"Diagram of a Sectional View of Nasal and Throat Passageways. <em>C</em>, nasal cavities; <em>T</em>, tongue; <em>L</em>, lower jaw; <em>M</em>, Mouth; <em>U</em>, uvula; <em>E</em>, epiglottis; <em>G</em>, larynx; <em>O</em>, gullet, or esophagus." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Nasal and throat passageways

"Diagram of a Sectional View of Nasal and Throat Passageways. C, nasal cavities; T,…

"Compound stomach of ox. a, esophagus; b, rumen, or paunch; c, reticulum, or second stomach; d, omasum, or third stomach; e, abomasum, or fourth stomach; f, the duodenuin." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Ox Stomach

"Compound stomach of ox. a, esophagus; b, rumen, or paunch; c, reticulum, or second stomach; d, omasum,…

Muscles of the soft palate, the pharynx being laid open from behind and mucous membrane removed.

Muscles of the Soft Palate

Muscles of the soft palate, the pharynx being laid open from behind and mucous membrane removed.

The lower part of the pharynx and the upper part of the esophagus have been slit up from behind, and the mucous membrane removed to show the muscular fibers. The two longitudinal bands are seen coming round to the front to be attached by a common tendon to the upper border of the cricoid cartilage.

Pharynx and Esophagus

The lower part of the pharynx and the upper part of the esophagus have been slit up from behind, and…

Left pleural sac in a subject hardened by formalin injection, opened into by the removal of the costal part of the parietal pleura. The lung has also been removed so as to display the mediastinal pleura.

Pleural Sac

Left pleural sac in a subject hardened by formalin injection, opened into by the removal of the costal…

"Siphonal stomach and spiral valve of Basking-shark (Selache). a, esophagus; b, cardiac portion of stomach; c, pyloric portion; d, pouch intermediate between stomach and duodenum, with circular valves at both ends; e, duodenum; f, valve of intestine; g, ductus hepaticus; h, spleen." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shark Stomach

"Siphonal stomach and spiral valve of Basking-shark (Selache). a, esophagus; b, cardiac portion of stomach;…

The human stomach. Labels: a, the esophagus or gullet; b, the cardiac portion; c, the left extremity; d, the small extremity; e, the pylorus tied; g,g, the omentum or caul, which is attached to the outside of the stomach, and falls over the intestines like a curtain.

Stomach

The human stomach. Labels: a, the esophagus or gullet; b, the cardiac portion; c, the left extremity;…

Vertical and longitudinal section of stomach, gall-bladder, and duodenum. Labels: 1, esophagus; 2, cardiac orifice of stomach; 5, lesser curvature; , greater curvature; 8, rugae in interior of stomach; 9, pyloric orifice; 10, 11, 13, interior of duodenum, showing valvulae conniventes; 12, duct conveying bile, and P, duct conveying pancreatic juice, into the duodenum; 14, gall-bladder; 15, commencement of jejunum.

Vertical and Longitudinal Section of Stomach, Gall-Bladder, and Duodenum

Vertical and longitudinal section of stomach, gall-bladder, and duodenum. Labels: 1, esophagus; 2, cardiac…

Views of the stomach. Labels: A. stomach (human). B. Same, anterior wall removed. C. Portion of stomach, pylorus and duodenum. D. Section through coats of stomach. E. Fundus of a cardiac gland. F. Epithelium from surface of stomach. G. Arterie sand veins of mucous membrane. w. Esophagus. 2. Duodenum. 3. Pylorus. $. Cardia. 5. Lesser curvature. 6. Greater curvature. 7. Anterior surface. 8. Pyloric valve. 9. Mucous membrane, with rugae. 10. Inner surface of gastric mucous membrane. 11. Mucous membrane of duodenum with villi. 12. Pyloric gastric glands. 13. Circular or deep muscular fibers. 17. Mucous membrane. 18. Muscularis mucosae. 19. Submucous coat. 20. Circular muscular layer. 21. Longitudinal muscular layer. 22. Serous coat. 23. Orifice of gland. 24. Fundus of gland.

Views of the Stomach

Views of the stomach. Labels: A. stomach (human). B. Same, anterior wall removed. C. Portion of stomach,…

"The circular muscle of the mouth (1) and the buccinator or trumpeter's muscle (2) help the tongue to push the food back to the upper margin of the gullet, where it is seized upon by the three constrictor muscles (3, 4 and 5) of the pharynx, and pushed down the gullet or esophagus, which is represented as being cut off at 6." &mdash; Richardson, 1906

Swallowing Muscles

"The circular muscle of the mouth (1) and the buccinator or trumpeter's muscle (2) help the tongue to…

"The transverse section of the thorax. 1, anterior mediastinum; 2, internal mammary vessels; 3, triangularis sterni; 4, 5, phrenic nerves; 6, thoracic duct; 7, esophagus; 8, vena azygos major; 9, thoracic aorta; 19, sympathetic; R. V., right ventricle; R. A., right auricle; P.A., pulmonary artery; A., aorta; C., superior vena cava; V., dorsal vertebra." &mdash; Richardson, 1906

Thorax

"The transverse section of the thorax. 1, anterior mediastinum; 2, internal mammary vessels; 3, triangularis…

Diagram of a transverse section of the thorax. Labels: 1, anterior mediastinum; 2, internal mammary vessels; 3, triangularis sterni muscle; 4, right phrenic nerve between pleura and pericardium; 5, left phrenic nerve between the pleura and pericardium; 6, thoracic duct in posterior mediastrinum; 7, esophagus with left vagus in front and right vagus behind; 8, vena azygos major; 9, thoracic aorta giving off intercostal arteries; 10, gangliated cord of sympathetic; R.V., right ventricle; R.A., right auricle of heart in middle mediastinum; P.A., pulmonary artery; A., aorta; C., vena cava superior; V. dorsal vertebra.

The Thorax

Diagram of a transverse section of the thorax. Labels: 1, anterior mediastinum; 2, internal mammary…

Transverse section of the thorax. Labels: 1, anterior mediastinum; 2, internal mammary vessels; 3, triangularis sterni; 4, 5, phrenic nerves; 6, thoracic duct; 7, esophagus; 8, vena azygos major; 9, thoracic aorta; 10, sympathetic; R. V., right ventricle; R. A., right auricle; P. A. pulmonary artery; A., aorta; C., superior vena cava; V., dorsal vertebra.

Transverse Section of the Thorax

Transverse section of the thorax. Labels: 1, anterior mediastinum; 2, internal mammary vessels; 3, triangularis…

Transverse section of trachea and esophagus of child, seen from below.

Transverse Section of Trachea and Esophagus

Transverse section of trachea and esophagus of child, seen from below.

Transverse section through the trachea and its immediate surroundings at the level of each of the upper five dorsal vertebrae.

Sections Through Trachea

Transverse section through the trachea and its immediate surroundings at the level of each of the upper…