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"Nervous System of the Aplysia, a Gasteropodous Mollusc: c, cerebral ganglia; g, thoracle or sub-aesophageal ganglia; o, nervous collar surrounding the aesophagus; l, labial ganglia; v, visceral ganglion." — Chambers, 1881

Aplysia Nervous System

"Nervous System of the Aplysia, a Gasteropodous Mollusc: c, cerebral ganglia; g, thoracle or sub-aesophageal…

"Nervous system of bee. A, of larva. B, of adult. a., Antenna; mx., maxilla; m., mandible; w., origin of wing; 1-5, abdominal ganglia." -Thomson, 1916

Bee Nervous System

"Nervous system of bee. A, of larva. B, of adult. a., Antenna; mx., maxilla; m., mandible; w., origin…

Diagram showing the relation of the cerebrospinal to the sympathetic neurons. Labels: A, a medullated fiber, axon, or dendrite, coming from cerebrospinal system and dividing into numerous branches on reaching a sympathetic ganglion. These branches connect with those of the cells, b, B, in the ganglion, and these cells send their non-medullated fibers, axons, or dendrites, to supply the viscera, C, C, C, C.

Diagram of the Relation between Cerebrospinal and Sympathetic Neurons

Diagram showing the relation of the cerebrospinal to the sympathetic neurons. Labels: A, a medullated…

"Nervous system of shore-crab (Carcinus manas). br., The supra-oesophageal mass; g., gullet surrounded by gr., the gullet ring; m., the sub-oesophageal mass representing a fusion of the thoracic ganglia of the crayfish, and giving off nerves to the limbs; behind it is a short strand representing the abdominal ganglia of the crayfish. a1., antennules; a2., antennae; e., eye." -Thomson, 1916

Shore Crab Nervous System

"Nervous system of shore-crab (Carcinus manas). br., The supra-oesophageal mass; g., gullet surrounded…

The ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves. Labels: 1, Gasserian ganglion; 2, internal carotid; 3, pharyngeal branch of pneumogastric; 4, glosso-pharyngeal; 5, lingual; 6, spinal accessory; 7, middle constrictor of pharynx; 8, internal jugular vein; 9, superior laryngeal nerve; 10, ganglion of pneumogastric, 11, hypoglossal; 12, ditto communicating with eighth and first cervical; 13, external laryngeal; 14, second cervical; 15, pharyngeal plexus; 16, superior cervical ganglion; 17, superior cardiac nerve; 18, third cervical; 19, thyroid body; 20, fourth cervical; 21, recurrent laryngeal; 22, spinal accessory; 23, trachea 24, middle cervical ganglion; 25, middle cardiac nerve; 26, phrenic; 27, left carotid; 28, bronchial plexus; 29, phrenic; 30, inferior cervical ganglion; 31, pulmonary plexus; 32, aorta; 33, esophageal plexus; 34, vena axygos superior; 35, vena azygos minor; 36, gangliated cord of sympathetic.

The Ninths, Tenth, and Eleventh Cranial Nerves

The ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves. Labels: 1, Gasserian ganglion; 2, internal carotid; 3,…

Nerve cells, also known as nerve corpuscles, comprise the second principle element of the nervous tissue. The are not generally present in the nerve trunk, but are found in collections of nervous tissue called ganglia. Shown are the ganglion nerve corpuscles of different shapes.

Ganglion Nerve Corpuscles

Nerve cells, also known as nerve corpuscles, comprise the second principle element of the nervous tissue.…

"Ventral surface of the entosternum of Limulus polyphemus, Latr. NF, neural fossa protecting the aggregated ganglia of the central nervous system; PVP, left posterior ventral process; PMP, posterior median process. Natural size." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Limulus

"Ventral surface of the entosternum of Limulus polyphemus, Latr. NF, neural fossa protecting the aggregated…

"Ideal mollusc. m., Mouth; g.c., cerebral ganglia; c., edges of mantle skirt; z.g., duct of right lobe of digestive gland; s., pericardial cavity; f., edges of shell-sac; v., ventricle of heart; u., nephridium; an., anus; n., posterior part of the foot; l., opening of nephridium; k., genital aperture; g.ab., abdominal ganglion on visceral loop; g.v., visceral ganglion; z.l., left lobe of digestive gland; p., foot; g.pe., pedal ganglion; g.pl. pleural ganglion." -Thomson, 1916

Mollusc Parts

"Ideal mollusc. m., Mouth; g.c., cerebral ganglia; c., edges of mantle skirt; z.g., duct of right lobe…

Reflex arc, as it is approximately in man. Labels: 1, nerve terminal, or sensory epithelium; 2, dendrite of sensory neuron; 3, cell body in dorsal root ganglion; 4, axon of sensory neuron; 5, dendrite of motor neuron; 6, cell body in ventral horn; 7, axon of motor neuron; 8, end organ (e.g., muscle-cell, gland-cell, etc.).

Nerve Reflex Arc

Reflex arc, as it is approximately in man. Labels: 1, nerve terminal, or sensory epithelium; 2, dendrite…

"Scheme showing the essential relations of the parts of a nervous system: 1, the sensory end organ (epithelial); 2, afferent nerve tract; 3, central nervous cells (ganglia); 4, efferent nerves, leading to 5, muscle, gland, etc. g, ganglion cells; gl., gland; m, muscle fibre; n.f., nerve fibre; s.e., sensory epithelium." — Galloway

Nervous System

"Scheme showing the essential relations of the parts of a nervous system: 1, the sensory end organ (epithelial);…

"Esophageal Ring. Anterior end of nervous system of Polynoë, a polychaetous annelid, showing, a, cerebral ganglia, connected by the esophageal ring, b, with the ventral series of ganglia, c." -Whitney, 1911

Scale Worm Nervous System

"Esophageal Ring. Anterior end of nervous system of Polynoë, a polychaetous annelid, showing, a,…

Base of brain, spinal cord, and spinal nerves. Labels: V, 5th nerve; VI, 6th nerve; VII, a, facial nerve, b, auditory nerve; VIII, pneumo-gastric nerve; VIII, a, glosso-pharyngeal, b, spinal accessory; IX, hypoglossal; c1-c7, cervical nerve root; d1-d12, dorsal nerve roots; L1-L5, lumbar nerve roots; S4-S5, 4th and 5th sacral nerves; Cocc, coccygeal nerves; B.P., brachial plexus; L.P., lumbar plexus; S.P. sacral plexus; S a, b, c, cervical sympathetic ganglia.

Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Base of Brain

Base of brain, spinal cord, and spinal nerves. Labels: V, 5th nerve; VI, 6th nerve; VII, a, facial nerve,…

Diagram showing anatomy of the spinal nerve roots and adjacent parts. Labels: G., gray matter of the spinal cord; W., white matter of the same; D.H., dorsal horn of gray matter; V.H., ventral horn of gray matter; D.R., dorsal root of spinal nerve; Sp.G., spinal ganglion; V.R., ventral root of the spinal nerve; Sp. N., spinal nerve; Rc., communicating branch (ramus communicans); S.G., sympathetic ganglion.

Spinal Nerve Roots

Diagram showing anatomy of the spinal nerve roots and adjacent parts. Labels: G., gray matter of the…

Diagram showing relation of neurons composing the spinal nerve roots with adjacent nervous structures. Labels: S.E., sensory epithelium connected by a sensory neuron with spinal cord; S.M., striated muscle receiving the axon from a motor-cell in the ventral horn of the gray matter in the cord; Sp. F., spinal fibers, medullated, sensory, and the motor, passing to the sympathetic ganglion where they connect with sympathetic neurons; S.F., S.F., non-medullated fibers from the sympathetic neurons passing to the viscera, the axons going to the plain muscle (P.M.), the dendrites to the sensory endings (S.E.).

Spinal Nerve Roots

Diagram showing relation of neurons composing the spinal nerve roots with adjacent nervous structures.…

General view of the sympathetic nervous. Labels: 1,2,3, cervical ganglia; 4, 1st thoracic ganglion; 5, 1st lumbar ganglion; 6, 7, sacral ganglion; 9, 9, cardiac nerves; 13, branch of pneumogastric nerve ending in semi-lunar ganglion; 14, epigastric plexus.

General View of the Sympathetic Nervous System

General view of the sympathetic nervous. Labels: 1,2,3, cervical ganglia; 4, 1st thoracic ganglion;…