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"A new instrument for clipping hedges, Ridgeway's hedge-cutter, does its work quickly and well; and the same can be said for Adie's new lawn-edging machine." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Hedge-Cutter

"A new instrument for clipping hedges, Ridgeway's hedge-cutter, does its work quickly and well; and…

This plant gives off a strong fragrance, commonly used in medicine.

Garden Heliotrope

This plant gives off a strong fragrance, commonly used in medicine.

A hoe inside of a circle

Hoe logo

A hoe inside of a circle

A perennial plant used as a condiment.

Horseradish

A perennial plant used as a condiment.

The Horticultural Hall.

Horticultural Hall

The Horticultural Hall.

The Pompeiian house consisted of several courts or <em>atria</em>, some of which were surrounded by colonnades and called peristyles. The front portion was reserved for shops, or presented to the street a wall unbroken save by the entrance. Legend: s, shops; v, vestibule; f, family rooms; k, kitchen; l, lararium; p, peristyles

House of Pansa, Pompeii (Plan)

The Pompeiian house consisted of several courts or atria, some of which were surrounded by…

A garden variety featuring, edible orange and black berries.

Garden Huckleberry

A garden variety featuring, edible orange and black berries.

Some tools that are commonly used in gardening.

Set of Garden Implements

Some tools that are commonly used in gardening.

Illustrated is a Japanese garden with stepping-stone in the foreground.

Japanese Garden

Illustrated is a Japanese garden with stepping-stone in the foreground.

The state banner of New Jersey, the garden state.

New Jersey

The state banner of New Jersey, the garden state.

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as, for example, the herbaceous Gloxinia (a) and Gesnera, the succulent Sempervivum, Echeveria, Pachyphytum, and their allies and such hard-leaved plants as Theophrasta (b). The leaves are best taken off with the base whole, and should be planted in well-drained sandy soil; in due time they form roots, and ultimately from some latent bud a little shoot which forms the young plant. The treatment is precisely like that of branch cuttings. Gloxinias, begonias, etc., grow readily from fragments of the leaves cut clean through the thick veins and ribs, and planted edgewise like cuttings. This class of subjects may also be fixed flat on the surface of the cutting pot, by means of little pegs or hooks, the main ribs being cut across at intervals, and from these points roots, and eventually young tubers, will be produced." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Leaf Cuttings

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as,…

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as, for example, the herbaceous Gloxinia (a) and Gesnera, the succulent Sempervivum, Echeveria, Pachyphytum, and their allies and such hard-leaved plants as Theophrasta (b). The leaves are best taken off with the base whole, and should be planted in well-drained sandy soil; in due time they form roots, and ultimately from some latent bud a little shoot which forms the young plant. The treatment is precisely like that of branch cuttings. Gloxinias, begonias, etc., grow readily from fragments of the leaves cut clean through the thick veins and ribs, and planted edgewise like cuttings. This class of subjects may also be fixed flat on the surface of the cutting pot, by means of little pegs or hooks, the main ribs being cut across at intervals, and from these points roots, and eventually young tubers, will be produced." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Leaf Cuttings

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as,…

"A hardy biennial plant, producing an oblong bulb, or stalk, which has the flavor of an onion, and is used principally for flavoring soups and stews."&mdash;Rawson, 1892

London Flag Leek

"A hardy biennial plant, producing an oblong bulb, or stalk, which has the flavor of an onion, and is…

Lilies are herbaceous flowering plants normally grown from bulbs. They are large showy flowering garden plants.

Lilies

Lilies are herbaceous flowering plants normally grown from bulbs. They are large showy flowering garden…

"The <em>Galeruca rustica</em> is a common European species, called <em>Garden louse</em>.

Garden Louse

"The Galeruca rustica is a common European species, called Garden louse.

An illustration of Luxembourg Palace which is located in Paris, France. The Luxembourg Palace houses the famous Luxembourg Garden which displays a large garden and lawn full of statues and large water basins.

Luxembourg Palace

An illustration of Luxembourg Palace which is located in Paris, France. The Luxembourg Palace houses…

Sing a Song of Sixpence; The maid was in the garden; Hanging out the clothes; Down came a blackbird; And snapped off her nose.

Maid

Sing a Song of Sixpence; The maid was in the garden; Hanging out the clothes; Down came a blackbird;…

Sing a Song of Sixpence; The maid was in the garden; Hanging out the clothes; Down came a blackbird; And snapped off her nose.

Maid

Sing a Song of Sixpence; The maid was in the garden; Hanging out the clothes; Down came a blackbird;…

An illustration of a man and woman talking in a garden.

Man and Woman in Garden

An illustration of a man and woman talking in a garden.

"For very small beds, drills, or furrows may be made by a simple marking-stick." &mdash; Baily, 1898

Marking-stick

"For very small beds, drills, or furrows may be made by a simple marking-stick." — Baily, 1898

A plant used both as a salad and for manufacturing into table mustard.

Black Seeded Mustard

A plant used both as a salad and for manufacturing into table mustard.

A dry onion that has a pure white skin and a sweet, mild white flesh.

White Onion

A dry onion that has a pure white skin and a sweet, mild white flesh.

Villas are built either as detached or semi-detached residences with an adjoining garden. Detached villas are usually situated at or near one of the grounds. This picture shows a front garden connected with two semi-detached villas.

Front Entrance of the Plan of a Semi-Detached Villa Garden

Villas are built either as detached or semi-detached residences with an adjoining garden. Detached villas…

"For large plants, a broader dibber may be used." &mdash; Baily, 1898

Strawberry planter

"For large plants, a broader dibber may be used." — Baily, 1898

An illustration of a community plaza.

Plaza

An illustration of a community plaza.

The engraved illustration of Poliphilo in the garden from Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, one of the first printed books by Aldus Manutius.

Poliphilo in the Garden

The engraved illustration of Poliphilo in the garden from Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, one of the first…

A portable plant and fruit protector is used for growing smaller plants in the summer and storing those plants in the winter. Strawberries can be grown and stored in a portable fruit protector.

Portable Plant and Fruit Protector

A portable plant and fruit protector is used for growing smaller plants in the summer and storing those…

The flower of the primrose scabious, <em>scabious succisa</em>.

Flower of Scabious Succisa

The flower of the primrose scabious, scabious succisa.

Fruit of the primrose scabious, <em>scabious succisa</em>.

Fruit of the primrose succisa

Fruit of the primrose scabious, scabious succisa.

"Propagation by Cuttings." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Propagation

"Propagation by Cuttings." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

The florist and gardener use scissors with a curved blade for pruning, and a delicate pair for gathering flowers, and large shears, called pruning shears, for trimming hedge plants.

Pruning Shears

The florist and gardener use scissors with a curved blade for pruning, and a delicate pair for gathering…

A tool used to gather leaves, hay, grass, and other items.

Garden Rake

A tool used to gather leaves, hay, grass, and other items.

"Fahlias and paeonies may be grafted by inserting young shoots into the neck of one of the fleshy roots of each kind respectively the best method of doing so being to cut a triangular section near the upper end of the root, just large enough to admit the young shoot when slightly pared away in two sides to give it a similar form." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Root-Grafting

"Fahlias and paeonies may be grafted by inserting young shoots into the neck of one of the fleshy roots…

"In the case of large woody plants thus worked the grafted roots, after the operation is completed, are planted in nursery beds, so that the upper buds only are exposed to the atmosphere, as shown at c in the figure." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Root-Grafting

"In the case of large woody plants thus worked the grafted roots, after the operation is completed,…

"The Savoy cabbages have wrinkled leaves and have a peculiar flavor that is much liked by most people. They are improved in quality by a slight touch of frost."&mdash;Rawson, 1892

Globe Curled Savoy

"The Savoy cabbages have wrinkled leaves and have a peculiar flavor that is much liked by most people.…

This perennial herb mainly survives in the cold climate of the arctic.

Garden Saxifragas

This perennial herb mainly survives in the cold climate of the arctic.

"Home-made scarifier." &mdash; Baily, 1898

Home-made scarifier

"Home-made scarifier." — Baily, 1898

"Represents a slicing-hoe made by fastening a sheet of metal to the tines of a broken fork." &mdash; Baily, 1898

Home-made scarifier

"Represents a slicing-hoe made by fastening a sheet of metal to the tines of a broken fork." —…

A sifter used for gravel.

Gravel Screen

A sifter used for gravel.

From the book of stories by Oscar Wilde, The Selfish Giant is about a giant who closes his garden up so children do not play in it. Here, he realizes what he has done. His garden turned to winter when he closed it off from children.

The Selfish Giant

From the book of stories by Oscar Wilde, The Selfish Giant is about a giant who closes his garden up…

Pictured is a semi-formal garden space of annual flowers. Annuals are plants that bloom in the open the same year the seeds are sown and that do not live over winter.

Semi-Formal Garden Space

Pictured is a semi-formal garden space of annual flowers. Annuals are plants that bloom in the open…

The seven-spotted lady bird is beneficial to gardens because it eats aphides.

Seven-Spotted Ladybird

The seven-spotted lady bird is beneficial to gardens because it eats aphides.

Illustrated is a plan of the Leasowes, the seat of Shenstone. The residence is near the center.

Shenstone's Garden

Illustrated is a plan of the Leasowes, the seat of Shenstone. The residence is near the center.

"The simplest and most generally practised form of budding is that called Shield budding or T-budding. The operator should be provided with a budding-knife in which the cutting edge of the blade is rounded off at the point, and which has a thin ivory or bone handle, for raising the bark of the stock. A horizonal incision is made in the bark quite down to the wood, and from this a perpendicular slit is drawn downwards to the extent of perhaps an inch, so that the slit has a resemblance to the letter T, as at a. A bud is then cut by a clean incision from the tree intended to be propagated, having a portion of the wood attached to it, and so that the whole may be an inch and a half long, as at d." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shield-Budding

"The simplest and most generally practised form of budding is that called Shield budding or T-budding.…

"Drumhead Savoy, which is a cross of the popular Curled Savoy and Drumhead, is a large-headed Savoy cabbage, tender and fine-flavored, a good winter variety."&mdash;Rawson, 1892

Short-Stem Drumhead

"Drumhead Savoy, which is a cross of the popular Curled Savoy and Drumhead, is a large-headed Savoy…

A gardening tool used for lifting and moving loose material.

Shovel

A gardening tool used for lifting and moving loose material.

A shovel with a round scoop end.

Round-Nosed Shovel

A shovel with a round scoop end.

A shovel with a square scoop.

Square-Nosed Shovel

A shovel with a square scoop.

"This mode of propagation is performed by cutting the branches into short lengths, each containing one well-matured bud or eye, with a short portion of the stem above and below. It is a common mode of propagating vines, the eyes being in this case cut from the ripened leafless wood. The eyes (a) are planted just below the surface in pots of light soil, which are placed in a hot bed or propagating pit, and in due time each pushed up a young shoot which forms the future stem, while convert it into an independent plant." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Single Eye

"This mode of propagation is performed by cutting the branches into short lengths, each containing one…

"Adjustable sled-marker." — Baily, 1898

Adjustable Sled-Marker

"Adjustable sled-marker." — Baily, 1898

Illustrated is the open center in a small, rear lot.

Small Rear Lot

Illustrated is the open center in a small, rear lot.

"This is furnished with four tentacula, two of which are smaller than the others; at the end of these, which the animal pushes out or draws back like telescopes, are blackish knobs, which are the eyes." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Common snail

"This is furnished with four tentacula, two of which are smaller than the others; at the end of these,…

This span roof frame is one of the most popular. The sashes are held open at any angle required. These frames are best suited to remain where placed permanently.

Span-Roof Frame

This span roof frame is one of the most popular. The sashes are held open at any angle required. These…

A garden spider (<em>Epetra diadema</em>) and its web.

Garden spider

A garden spider (Epetra diadema) and its web.

Seven children reading a story on the lawn

Story Time

Seven children reading a story on the lawn

"Root suckers are young shoots from the roots of plants, chiefly woody plants, as may often be seenin the case of the elm and the plum. The shoots when used for propagation must be transplanted with all the roots attached to them, care being taken not to injure the parent plant. If they spring from a thick root it is not to be wantonly severed, but the soil should be removed and the sucker taken off by cutting away a clean slice of the root." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Suckering Iron

"Root suckers are young shoots from the roots of plants, chiefly woody plants, as may often be seenin…

"Sulphurators are instruments for distributing flowers of sulphur, for the purpose of destroying mildew. In the case of greenhouse plants, such as heaths, simply dusting with sulphur through a muslin bag or dredger is sufficient." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Sulphurator

"Sulphurators are instruments for distributing flowers of sulphur, for the purpose of destroying mildew.…

A garden tool used to flatten granular material.

Tamper

A garden tool used to flatten granular material.

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves, white flowers, and erect prickly capsules, a native of the East Indies, but now often met with in North America. A variety with pale violet flowers and purplish violet stem is frequently cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Thorn Apple

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves,…

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves, white flowers, and erect prickly capsules, a native of the East Indies, but now often met with in North America. A variety with pale violet flowers and purplish violet stem is frequently cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Thorn Apple Bud

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves,…