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The shield of Jupiter, which had been fashioned by Hephaestus. When Jupiter was angry he waved and shook the shield making a soung like that of a tempest, by which nations were overawed.

Aegis

The shield of Jupiter, which had been fashioned by Hephaestus. When Jupiter was angry he waved and shook…

"Heathen Deities: Apollo"-Willson, 1859.

Apollo

"Heathen Deities: Apollo"-Willson, 1859.

"Heathen Deities: Ceres"-Willson, 1859.

Ceres

"Heathen Deities: Ceres"-Willson, 1859.

The Antique chair included a statue of Jupiter on the chair.

Antique Chair

The Antique chair included a statue of Jupiter on the chair.

A coin of Cyrene showing an image of Jupiter.

Coin of Cyrene

A coin of Cyrene showing an image of Jupiter.

The frame-work of Corinthian style of the Temple of Jupiter at Rome.

Corinthian Frame

The frame-work of Corinthian style of the Temple of Jupiter at Rome.

"Heathen Deities: Diana"-Willson, 1859.

Diana

"Heathen Deities: Diana"-Willson, 1859.

A coin engraved with images of Minerva and Jupiter. Minerva was the Roman equivalent to the Greek goddess Athena, and Jupiter was similar to the Greek god of thunder, Zeus.

Dieties

A coin engraved with images of Minerva and Jupiter. Minerva was the Roman equivalent to the Greek goddess…

"The elliptical circle being supposed to be the Earth's orbit, with the Sun, S, in one of the foci. Now the spaces, 1, 2, 3, etc., though of different shapes, are of the same dimensions, or contain the same quantity of surface. The Earth, we have already seen, in its journey round the Sun, describes an ellipse, and moves more rapidly in one part of its orbit than in another. But whatever may be its actual velocity, its comparative motion is through equal areas in equal times. Thus its center passes from E to C, and from C to A, in the same period of time, and so of all the other divisions marked in the figure." —Comstock, 1850

Elliptical Orbit

"The elliptical circle being supposed to be the Earth's orbit, with the Sun, S, in one of the foci.…

"Heathen Deities: Juno"-Willson, 1859.

Juno

"Heathen Deities: Juno"-Willson, 1859.

Statue of the Olympian Jupiter, one of the Seven Wonders of the World

Jupiter

Statue of the Olympian Jupiter, one of the Seven Wonders of the World

"Jupiter surveying the world" — Gayley, 1893

Jupiter

"Jupiter surveying the world" — Gayley, 1893

"Heathen Deities: Jupiter"-Willson, 1859.

Jupiter

"Heathen Deities: Jupiter"-Willson, 1859.

A medal engraved with the image of Zeus, or Jupiter, next to a sphinx; the other side of the coin depicts the head of Serapis.

Jupiter

A medal engraved with the image of Zeus, or Jupiter, next to a sphinx; the other side of the coin depicts…

"The door in front of a temple, as it reeached nearly to the ceiling allowed the worshippers to view from without the entire statue of the divinity, and to observe the rites performed before it. The whole light of the building, moreover, was commonly admitted through the same aperture. These circumstances are illustrated in the following cut, showing the front of a small temple of Jupiter taken from an ancient bas-relief." — Anthon, 1891

Temple of Jupiter

"The door in front of a temple, as it reeached nearly to the ceiling allowed the worshippers to view…

"Heathen Deities: Mars"-Willson, 1859.

Mars

"Heathen Deities: Mars"-Willson, 1859.

An image of Jupiter with the inscription <i>Alexandrou</i>, suggesting that Alexander the Great was worshipped as a deity in Ascalon.

Medal of Ascalon

An image of Jupiter with the inscription Alexandrou, suggesting that Alexander the Great was worshipped…

Another medal of Gaza. On one side it shows the head of Emperor Commodus, with his name inscribed. The other side exhibits a figure under Jupiter, holding thunder in one hand and a globe in the other. Opposite him is a heroic figure. In between them is the symbol of Gaza.

Medal of Gaza

Another medal of Gaza. On one side it shows the head of Emperor Commodus, with his name inscribed. The…

A medal of Smyrna depicting Ceres, the goddess of plenty. The reverse side of the medal shows Jupiter seated, holding the emblem of Victory.

Medal of Smyrna

A medal of Smyrna depicting Ceres, the goddess of plenty. The reverse side of the medal shows Jupiter…

"Heathen Deities: Mercury"-Willson, 1859.

Mercury

"Heathen Deities: Mercury"-Willson, 1859.

"Heathen Deities: Minerva"-Willson, 1859.

Minerva

"Heathen Deities: Minerva"-Willson, 1859.

A medal representing Jupiter sitting in a temple, conversing with Minerva and attended by Juno.

Minerva

A medal representing Jupiter sitting in a temple, conversing with Minerva and attended by Juno.

"According to ancient mythology, the aegis worn by Jupiter was the hide of the goat Amalthea, which has suckled him in his infancy. The following represents Minerva with the aegis." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Minerva with aegis

"According to ancient mythology, the aegis worn by Jupiter was the hide of the goat Amalthea, which…

"Heathen Deities: Neptune"-Willson, 1859.

Neptune

"Heathen Deities: Neptune"-Willson, 1859.

"Relative distance of the Planets. Having now given a short account of each planet composing the solar system, the relative situation of their several orbits, with the exception of those of the Asteroids, are shown in this figure. The orbits are marked by the signs of each planet, of which the first, or that nearest the Sun, is Mercury, the next Venus, the third the Earth, the fourth Mars then come those of the Asteroids, then Jupiter, then Saturn and lastly Herschel." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Planet Distance

"Relative distance of the Planets. Having now given a short account of each planet composing the solar…

"Circular Motion of the Planets." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Planet Motion

"Circular Motion of the Planets." —Comstock, 1850

"Elliptical Orbits.&mdash;It has been supposed that the Sun's attraction, which constitutes the Earth's gravity, was at all times equal, or that the Earth was at an equal distance from the Sun, in all parts of its orbit." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Planet Motion

"Elliptical Orbits.—It has been supposed that the Sun's attraction, which constitutes the Earth's…

"The motion of Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars with respect to Earth." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Planet Rotations

"The motion of Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars with respect to Earth." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

"The comparative dimensions of the planets." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Planet Sizes

"The comparative dimensions of the planets." —Comstock, 1850

"Heathen Deities: Pluto"-Willson, 1859.

Pluto

"Heathen Deities: Pluto"-Willson, 1859.

The temple of Jupiter Capitolinus at Rome.

Temple of Jupiter

The temple of Jupiter Capitolinus at Rome.

"Heathen Deities: Vesta"-Willson, 1859.

Vesta

"Heathen Deities: Vesta"-Willson, 1859.

"Heathen Deities: Vulcan"-Willson, 1859.

Vulcan

"Heathen Deities: Vulcan"-Willson, 1859.

Ruler of Mount Olympus

Zeus

Ruler of Mount Olympus

Ruler of Mount Olympus

Zeus

Ruler of Mount Olympus

Ruler of Mount Olympus

Zeus

Ruler of Mount Olympus

Ruler of Mount Olympus

Zeus

Ruler of Mount Olympus

"Zeus of Otricoli. (Marble bust in the Vatican.)" &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Zeus

"Zeus of Otricoli. (Marble bust in the Vatican.)" — The Delphian Society, 1913

Zeus and Europa.

Zeus and Europa

Zeus and Europa.

"Head of Olympian Zeus (Jupiter)." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Head of Zeus

"Head of Olympian Zeus (Jupiter)." — Smith, 1882

"Athens is said to have derrived its name from the prominence given to its worship of Athena by its king erechtheus. The inhabitants were previously called Crannai and Cecropidae, from Cecrops, who, according to tradition, was the original founder of the city. This at first occupied the hill or rock which afterwards became the <em>Acropolis</em>, but gradually the buildings began to spread over the ground at the southern foot of this hill. It was not till the time of Pisitratus and his sons (B.C. 560-514) that the city began to assume any degree of splendour. The most remarkable of these building deposits was the gigantic temple of the Olympian Zeus, which, however, was not finished till many centuries later."&mdash; Smith, 1882

Temple of the Olympian Zeus

"Athens is said to have derrived its name from the prominence given to its worship of Athena by its…