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"Having a sinuous pallial margin and consequent sinuous impression on the shell along the line of attachment of the mantle. Into the sinus thus formed the siphons, which are always developed in these bivalves, can more or less be withdrawn." —Whitney, 1889

Iphigenia Brasiliensis - Sinupalliate Right Valve

"Having a sinuous pallial margin and consequent sinuous impression on the shell along the line of attachment…

Abalone or ear-shell; furnishes mother-of-pearl for inlaid work.

Abalone

Abalone or ear-shell; furnishes mother-of-pearl for inlaid work.

Shell of a bivalve, those mollusks whose coverings consist of two concave shelly plates or valves.

Bivalve

Shell of a bivalve, those mollusks whose coverings consist of two concave shelly plates or valves.

A small boat with mortar.

A Mortar Boat

A small boat with mortar.

An illustration of a 40 pound mortar stick bomb shell. The shell have three wings, or vanes, around the shell to travel a long distance.

40 Pound Mortar Stick Bomb Shell

An illustration of a 40 pound mortar stick bomb shell. The shell have three wings, or vanes, around…

An illustration of an early 99 lb. stick bomb used in a mortar. This bomb had vanes, or wings, around the shell to travel further.

99 Pounds Mortar Stick Bomb Shell

An illustration of an early 99 lb. stick bomb used in a mortar. This bomb had vanes, or wings, around…

"Canna Starch." -Bergen, 1896

Canna Starch

"Canna Starch." -Bergen, 1896

A case for cartridges.

Cartridge-box

A case for cartridges.

Chiton is a peculiar marine mollusk. It is low and flat, creeping like the limpets. But the shell consists of a series of eight pieces overlapping one another from the anterior to the posterior end.

Chiton

Chiton is a peculiar marine mollusk. It is low and flat, creeping like the limpets. But the shell consists…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Chrysalidina gradata. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Chrysalidina Gradata

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Chrysalidina gradata. These shells are mostly very small,…

An illustration of hermit craps shedding their shells and finding new ones. As hermit crabs grow they require larger shells. Since suitable intact gastropod shells are a limited resource, there is frequently strong competition among hermit crabs for the best available shells. The availability of empty snail shells at any given place depends primarily on the relative abundance of gastropods in the right range of sizes, compared to the demographics of the population of hermit crabs.

Hermit Crabs

An illustration of hermit craps shedding their shells and finding new ones. As hermit crabs grow they…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Cuneolina pavonia. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Cuneolina Pavonia

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Cuneolina pavonia. These shells are mostly very small,…

This divider features stars in a horizontal line across the front, as well as folded, fluttery corners that appear almost like seashells. The divider can also be used as a banner with writing in between the stars.

Divider with Star Pattern

This divider features stars in a horizontal line across the front, as well as folded, fluttery corners…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Flabellina rugosa. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Flabellina rugosa

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Flabellina rugosa. These shells are mostly very small,…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Frondicularia Annularis. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Frondicularia Annularis

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Frondicularia Annularis. These shells are mostly very small,…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Fusulina cylindrica. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Fusulina Cylindrica

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Fusulina cylindrica. These shells are mostly very small,…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Fusulina cylindrica. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Fusulina Cylindrica

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Fusulina cylindrica. These shells are mostly very small,…

Girl with a book and sea life around her.

Girl

Girl with a book and sea life around her.

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Globigerina rubra. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Globigerina Rubra

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Globigerina rubra. These shells are mostly very small,…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Grammostomum phyllodes. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Grammostomum Phyllodes

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Grammostomum phyllodes. These shells are mostly very small,…

Limpets are found along the shore. they are gastropods with low conical shells. this is a surface view.

Limpet

Limpets are found along the shore. they are gastropods with low conical shells. this is a surface view.

Limpets are found along the shore. they are gastropods with low conical shells. This is a side view.

Limpet

Limpets are found along the shore. they are gastropods with low conical shells. This is a side view.

The Lingula antigua is a little bivalve shell belonging at the bottom of the class Brachiopoda. The inarticulate brachiopod genus Lingula is the oldest, relatively unchanged animal known. The oldest lingulid fossils are found in Lower Cambrian rocks dating to roughly 550 million years ago. The origin of brachiopods is unknown. A possible ancestor is a sort of ancient "armored slug" known as Halkieria that had small brachiopod-like shields on its head and tail.

Lingula Antigua

The Lingula antigua is a little bivalve shell belonging at the bottom of the class Brachiopoda. The…

The Lingula prima is a little bivalve shell belonging at the bottom of the class Brachiopoda. The inarticulate brachiopod genus Lingula is the oldest, relatively unchanged animal known. The oldest lingulid fossils are found in Lower Cambrian rocks dating to roughly 550 million years ago. The origin of brachiopods is unknown. A possible ancestor is a sort of ancient "armored slug" known as Halkieria that had small brachiopod-like shields on its head and tail.

Lingula Prima

The Lingula prima is a little bivalve shell belonging at the bottom of the class Brachiopoda. The inarticulate…

Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. Lingula is among the few brachiopods surviving today but also known from fossils over 500 million years old. Brachiopods are suspension feeding, marine, benthic lophophorates in two higher species, Inarticulata and Articulata.

Modern Lingula

Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. Lingula is among the few brachiopods surviving…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Lituola nautiloides. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Lituola Nautiloides

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Lituola nautiloides. These shells are mostly very small,…

Marginella is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails. The shells of the species in this genus have spires which range from moderately elevated to flattened. The surface of the shell is glossy and porcellaneous, and it is often but not always colorful.

Marginella

Marginella is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Marginellidae, the…

Bivalves are molluscs belonging to the class Bivalvia. They have two-part shells, and typically both valves are symmetrical along the hinge line. The class has 30,000 species, including scallops, clams, oysters and mussels. Other names for the class include Bivalva, Pelecypoda, and Lamellibranchia.

Right Valve of Mollusk

Bivalves are molluscs belonging to the class Bivalvia. They have two-part shells, and typically both…

An illustration of the right valve of a mollusk. Bivalves are molluscs belonging to the class Bivalvia. They have two-part shells, and typically both valves are symmetrical along the hinge line. The class has 30,000 species, including scallops, clams, oysters and mussels. Other names for the class include Bivalva, Pelecypoda, and Lamellibranchia.

Right Valve of Mollusks

An illustration of the right valve of a mollusk. Bivalves are molluscs belonging to the class Bivalvia.…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Nodosaria vulgaris. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Nodosaria Vulgaris

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Nodosaria vulgaris. These shells are mostly very small,…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Nummulites nummularia. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Nummulites Nummularia

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Nummulites nummularia. These shells are mostly very small,…

"One third of the sea bottom is covered with a soft gray ooze or mud made up entirely of the shells of minute animals which live in the surface waters."

Ooze

"One third of the sea bottom is covered with a soft gray ooze or mud made up entirely of the shells…

<i>Fusus antiquus</i>. "...a division of prosobranchiate gastropods, having the lip of the shell notched, canaliculate, or tubular, for the protrusion of a respiratory siphon. a, branchial siphon; b, proboscis; c, operculum; d, d, tentacles; f, foot." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Red Whelk

Fusus antiquus. "...a division of prosobranchiate gastropods, having the lip of the shell notched, canaliculate,…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Rotalia globulosa. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Rotalia Globulosa

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Rotalia globulosa. These shells are mostly very small,…

A pheasant sea shell.

Shell

A pheasant sea shell.

Goniatites are extinct ammonoids, shelled cephalopods related to squid, octopus, and belemnites, that form the order Goniatitida. The goniatites all possessed an external shell, which is divided internally into chambers. The animal lived in the largest of the external chambers, and the internal chambers would have been filled with gas, making the animal buoyant in the water.

Coiled Chambered Shell

Goniatites are extinct ammonoids, shelled cephalopods related to squid, octopus, and belemnites, that…

Elegant shells ribbed and mottled with various colors. They grow by additins made to the edge.

Pecten Shell

Elegant shells ribbed and mottled with various colors. They grow by additins made to the edge.

Baculites is a genus of extinct marine animals in the Phylum Mollusca and Class Cephalopoda. They are a nearly straight-shelled type of heteromorph ammonite. This fragment is of a straight chambered shell, Baculites ovatus of Mesozoic Time, belonging to the Ammonite family.

Coiled Chambered Shell

Baculites is a genus of extinct marine animals in the Phylum Mollusca and Class Cephalopoda. They are…

A spiral univalve shell.

Univalve shell

A spiral univalve shell.

A diagram illustrating the by using a fixed revolver head while spinning the lathe to create the cone shape.

Navy Ordnance Shells

A diagram illustrating the by using a fixed revolver head while spinning the lathe to create the cone…

Variations in a common pond snail.

Pond Snail

Variations in a common pond snail.

Variations in a common pond snail.

Pond Snail

Variations in a common pond snail.

Variations in a common pond snail.

Pond Snail

Variations in a common pond snail.

Variations in a common pond snail.

Pond Snail

Variations in a common pond snail.

Variations in a common pond snail.

Pond Snail

Variations in a common pond snail.

Variations in a common pond snail.

Pond Snail

Variations in a common pond snail.

A large sea snail (Natica); it feeds on clams, etc., boring through their shells.

Sea Snail

A large sea snail (Natica); it feeds on clams, etc., boring through their shells.

A large sea snail (Natica) crawling; showing the very large foot surrounding the shell.

Sea Snail

A large sea snail (Natica) crawling; showing the very large foot surrounding the shell.

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Textilaria globulosa. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Textilaria Globulosa

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Textilaria globulosa. These shells are mostly very small,…

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Triloculina Josephina. These shells are mostly very small, and yet through their abundance they have been very important in limestone-making.

Triloculina Josephina

This illustration shows the calcareous shell Triloculina Josephina. These shells are mostly very small,…

A wampum is a Native American belt made from shell beads. The wampum pictured was given to William Penn at the Great Treaty.

Wampum Given to William Penn

A wampum is a Native American belt made from shell beads. The wampum pictured was given to William Penn…