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"Development of Aurelia. Above to the left, young scyphistoma with four perradial tentacles. Below to left, scyphistoma with sixteen tentacles and first constriction. To the right, strobila condition of the scyphistoma, consisting of thirteen metameric segments; the uppermost still possesses the sixteen tentacles of the scyphistoma; the remainder have no tentacles, but are ephyrae, each with eight bifid arms. each segment when detached becomes an ephyra." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Aurelia

"Development of Aurelia. Above to the left, young scyphistoma with four perradial tentacles. Below to…

"Surface view of the sub-umbrella or oral aspect of Aurelia aurita, to show the position of the openings of the sub-genital pits, GP. In the center is the mouth, with four perradial arms corresponding to its angles. The four sub-genital pits are seen to be interradial. x indicates the outline of the roof of a sub-genital pit; y, the outline of its floor or oral limit, in which is the opening." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Aurelia Aurita

"Surface view of the sub-umbrella or oral aspect of Aurelia aurita, to show the position of the openings…

"Half of the lower surface of Aurelia aurita. The transparent tissues allow the enteric cavities and canals to be seen through them. a, marginal lappets hiding tentaculocysts; b, oral arms; v, axial or gastric portion of the enteric cavity; gv, radiating and anastomosing canals of the enteric system; ov, ovaries." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Aurelia Aurita

"Half of the lower surface of Aurelia aurita. The transparent tissues allow the enteric cavities and…

"Tentaculocyst and marginal lappets of Aurelia aurita. In the lefthand figure-ML, marginal lappets; T, tentaculocyst; A, superior or aboral surface, magnified about 50 diameters. In the right-hand figure-A, superior or aboral olfactory pit; B, inferior or adoral olfactory pit; H, bridge between the two marginal lappets forming the hood; T, tentaculocyst; End, endoderm; Ent, canal of the enteric system continued into the tentaculocyst; Concendodermal concretion; oc, ectodermal pigment (ocellus). The drawing represents a section, taken in a radial vertical plane so as to pass through the long axis of the tentaculocyst." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Aurelia Aurita

"Tentaculocyst and marginal lappets of Aurelia aurita. In the lefthand figure-ML, marginal lappets;…

Skull of a baboon, showing the brain cavity.

Baboon skull

Skull of a baboon, showing the brain cavity.

"A. Bacilli mingled with blood corpuscules from the blood of a guinea-pig; some of the bacilli dividing. B. The rodlets after three hours' culture in a drop of aqueos huor. They grow out into long leptothrix-like filaments, which become separate later, and spores are developed in the segments." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillis Anthracis

"A. Bacilli mingled with blood corpuscules from the blood of a guinea-pig; some of the bacilli dividing.…

"Presently in the production of ordinay connective tissue, fibers of two kinds make their appearance in the intercellular substance, and to all appearance independent of the cells. Those of the one kind are highly elastic and refracting, not easily affected by reagents, stain deeply with magenta, run singly, always branch, and become united with neighboring fibers so as to form a network throughout the tissue." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Connective Tissue

"Presently in the production of ordinay connective tissue, fibers of two kinds make their appearance…

"Presently in the production of ordinay connective tissue, fibers of two kinds make their appearance in the intercellular substance, and to all appearance independent of the cells. Those of the other kind are excessively fine and indistinct, never run singly but always in bundles, and generally with a wavy course, are readily affected by reagents, and, in vertebrates, yield gelatin on boiling." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Connective Tissue

"Presently in the production of ordinay connective tissue, fibers of two kinds make their appearance…

"Connective tissue of sponge." — Encyclopedia BSponge Diver Counting Cardsritannica, 1893

Connective Tissue

"Connective tissue of sponge." — Encyclopedia BSponge Diver Counting Cardsritannica, 1893

"Connective tissue of slug. r, ramified cell; f, flattened cell; v, vesicular cell. The fibers in the ground substance are also indicated." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Connective Tissue

"Connective tissue of slug. r, ramified cell; f, flattened cell; v, vesicular cell. The fibers in the…

Cross-section of abdomen of crayfish.

Crayfish

Cross-section of abdomen of crayfish.

Longitudinal-section of a crayfish, showing digestive, circulatory, reproductive, excretory, and nervous systems.

Crayfish

Longitudinal-section of a crayfish, showing digestive, circulatory, reproductive, excretory, and nervous…

Nervous system of crayfish.

Crayfish

Nervous system of crayfish.

Head of a cuttlefish, showing the brain cavity.

Head of cuttlefish

Head of a cuttlefish, showing the brain cavity.

"Membranous cartilage skull of <em>Cyclostoma</em>."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Skull of Cyclostoma

"Membranous cartilage skull of Cyclostoma."—Finley, 1917

Skull of a deer, showing the brain cavity.

Deer skull

Skull of a deer, showing the brain cavity.

Cross-section of an egg, showing the different parts.

Cross-section of an egg

Cross-section of an egg, showing the different parts.

"Mosaic appearance of epithelium." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"Mosaic appearance of epithelium." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Stratified epithelium." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"Stratified epithelium." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"A ciliated epithelium cell." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"A ciliated epithelium cell." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"A striated epithelium cell." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"A striated epithelium cell." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"A ciliated cell with one large cilium." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"A ciliated cell with one large cilium." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Sense-epithelium cell of Aurelia." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"Sense-epithelium cell of Aurelia." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"A, Euglena viridis, a flagellate Infusorian. I, typical swimming condition; 2, somewhat contracted; 3, spherical resting condition; 4, encysted stage in which fission has taken place. c, cyst; f, flagellum; n, nucleus; o, mouth; p.v., pulsating vacuole; sp, pigment spot. B, Podophrya, a stalked Infusorian bearing tentacles (t). p, Infusorian captured for food; s, stalk." -Galloway, 1915

Euglena Viridis

"A, Euglena viridis, a flagellate Infusorian. I, typical swimming condition; 2, somewhat contracted;…

An odd-toed foot of Zebra.

Ungulate Feet

An odd-toed foot of Zebra.

An even-toed foot of Llama.

Ungulate Feet

An even-toed foot of Llama.

An even-toed foot of the Antelope.

Ungulate Feet

An even-toed foot of the Antelope.

An odd-toed foot of the Rhinoceros.

Ungulate Feet

An odd-toed foot of the Rhinoceros.

Skull of <em>salamandra maculosa</em>, the fire salamander.

Skull of fire salamander

Skull of salamandra maculosa, the fire salamander.

Foot of bear: plantigrade

Carnivore Foot

Foot of bear: plantigrade

Hind feet of Seal; Pinnigrada

Carnivore foot

Hind feet of Seal; Pinnigrada

"Closeup of a garden spider's foot, showing the 'combs' for clinging to webs."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Foot of a garden spider

"Closeup of a garden spider's foot, showing the 'combs' for clinging to webs."—Finley, 1917

Skull of a Greek tortoise, showing the brain cavity.

Skull of Greek tortoise

Skull of a Greek tortoise, showing the brain cavity.

"<em>Edwardsia claparedii</em> <em>Cap</em>, capitulum; sc, scapus; ph, physa. B, Transverse section of the same, showing the arrangement of the mesenteries. s, Sulcus; sl, sulculus. C, Transverse section of <em>Halcampa</em>, d,d, Directive mesenteries; st, stomodaeum." &mdash;Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Halcampa

"Edwardsia claparedii Cap, capitulum; sc, scapus; ph, physa. B, Transverse section…

Hamsters are rodents. They are adapted for rapid and continuous gnawing, and they live chiefly upon the harder parts of plants.

Hamster

Hamsters are rodents. They are adapted for rapid and continuous gnawing, and they live chiefly upon…

The head of the Antelope.

Antelope Head

The head of the Antelope.

The head of the Stag (Cervus elaphus).

Stag Head

The head of the Stag (Cervus elaphus).

The head of the two-horned Rhinoceros.

Ungulate Head

The head of the two-horned Rhinoceros.

"Portion of the surface of a colony of Heliopora coerulea magnified, showing two calices and the surrounding coenenchymal tubes." &mdash;Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Colony of Heliopora coerulea

"Portion of the surface of a colony of Heliopora coerulea magnified, showing two calices and the surrounding…

"Liteocircus annularis. cent. caps, central capsule; ext. caps. pr, extra-capsular protoplasm; int. cap. pr, intra-capsular protoplasm; nu, nucleus; psd, pseudopods; skel, skeleton; z, cells of zooxanthella." -Parker, 1900

L. Annularis

"Liteocircus annularis. cent. caps, central capsule; ext. caps. pr, extra-capsular protoplasm; int.…

"Section of <em>Ampioxus</em>, fr, fin ray; ct, connective tissue; nc, notochord, ; snc, supraneural crest"&mdash;Finley, 1917

Section of a lancelet

"Section of Ampioxus, fr, fin ray; ct, connective tissue; nc, notochord, ; snc, supraneural…

"Side view of <em>Amphioxus</em>: fs, fin supports; nc, notochord; ot, oral tentacles."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Side view of lancelet

"Side view of Amphioxus: fs, fin supports; nc, notochord; ot, oral tentacles."—Finley,…

External features of the lobster.

Lobster

External features of the lobster.

Moles are nocturnal, burrowing animals, and the feet have strong digging claws.

Mole

Moles are nocturnal, burrowing animals, and the feet have strong digging claws.

"Flagellum of Noctiluca miliaris (highly magnified). s, transversely striated substance; b, base of attachment to body of animal." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Noctiluca Miliaris

"Flagellum of Noctiluca miliaris (highly magnified). s, transversely striated substance; b, base of…

"Development of notochord : msl, mesoblastic skeletogenous layer ; pdc, paired dorsal cartilage; pvc, paired ventral cartilage; ns, neautral spine; na, neutral arch; tp, transverse process; articular process; c, centrum."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Development of the notochord

"Development of notochord : msl, mesoblastic skeletogenous layer ; pdc, paired dorsal cartilage; pvc,…

"Colony of <em>Pennatula phosphorea</em> from the metarachidial aspect. p, The peduncle. B, Section of the rachis bearing a single pinna. A, Axis; b, metarachidial; c, prorachidial; d, pararachidial stem canals." &mdash;Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Colony of Pennatula phosphorea

"Colony of Pennatula phosphorea from the metarachidial aspect. p, The peduncle. B, Section…

"<em>Ptychodera flava</em> (New Caledonia)." &mdash; Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

Ptychodera flava

"Ptychodera flava (New Caledonia)." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

The Greenland Seal has well-developed hind limbs.

Seal

The Greenland Seal has well-developed hind limbs.

In the bat, the forelimbs are much longer than the hindlimbs and have several of the fingers greatly lengthened.

Bat Skeleton

In the bat, the forelimbs are much longer than the hindlimbs and have several of the fingers greatly…

Skull of the Beaver.

Beaver Skull

Skull of the Beaver.

Skull of <em>corvus corone</em>, or carrion crow, showing the brain cavity.

Crow skull

Skull of corvus corone, or carrion crow, showing the brain cavity.

The skull of the Indian Elephant. (i) tusk-like upper incisors; (m) lower jaw, with grinding molars, but without incisors; (n) nostrils, placed at the extremity of the proboscis.

Elephant Skull

The skull of the Indian Elephant. (i) tusk-like upper incisors; (m) lower jaw, with grinding molars,…

"Sections through the unilaminar (A), bilaminar (B), and trilaminar (C) conditions of the typical biastoder. Ect., ectoderm; Ent., entoderm; Mes., mesoderm; c, primitive connective tissue." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Unilaminar

"Sections through the unilaminar (A), bilaminar (B), and trilaminar (C) conditions of the typical biastoder.…

"A. Mixed Zoogloea found as a pellicle on the surface of vegetable infusions &c; it consists of various forms, and contains cocci (a) and rodlets, in series (b and C), &c. B. Egg-shaped mass of zoogloea of <em>Beggiatoa roseo-persicina</em> (<em>Bacterium rubescens</em> of Lankester); the gelatinous swollen walls of the large crowded cocci are fused into a common gelatinous envelope. C. Reticulate zoogloea of the same. D, E, H. Colonies of <em>Myconostoc</em> enveloped in diffluent matrix. F. Branched fruticose zoogfoea of <em>Cladothrix</em>. G. Zoogloea of <em>Bacterium merismopediodes</em>, Zopf, containing cocci arranged in tablets." &mdash; Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

Types of Zoogloea

"A. Mixed Zoogloea found as a pellicle on the surface of vegetable infusions &c; it consists of various…