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Bone

Bone

Bone

Arm of humans; h Humerus or bone of upper arm; r and u Radius and Ulna, or bones of the forearm; c Carpus, or bones of the wrist; m Metacarpus, or bones of the root of the hand; p Phalanges, or bones of the fingers.

Bones of Arm

Arm of humans; h Humerus or bone of upper arm; r and u Radius and Ulna, or bones of the forearm; c Carpus,…

Wing of Bird; h Humerus or bone of upper arm; r and u Radius and Ulna, or bones of the forearm; c Carpus, or bones of the wrist; m Metacarpus, or bones of the root of the hand; p Phalanges, or bones of the fingers.

bones of arm

Wing of Bird; h Humerus or bone of upper arm; r and u Radius and Ulna, or bones of the forearm; c Carpus,…

The forelimb of chimpanzee. (c) collar bone; (s) shoulder blade; (h) humerus; (r) radius; (u) ulna; (d) bones of wrist; (m) bones of hand; (p) bones of fingers.

Chimp Limb

The forelimb of chimpanzee. (c) collar bone; (s) shoulder blade; (h) humerus; (r) radius; (u) ulna;…

The hindlimb of chimpanzee. (i) innominate bone; (f) thigh bone; (t) tibia; (s) fibula; (r) bones of ankle; (m) metatarsus; (p) phalanges.

Chimp Limb

The hindlimb of chimpanzee. (i) innominate bone; (f) thigh bone; (t) tibia; (s) fibula; (r) bones of…

The head is the part of the body that contains the brain and the organs of the special senses.

Head

The head is the part of the body that contains the brain and the organs of the special senses.

Human skeleton standing upright.

Human Skeleton

Human skeleton standing upright.

The bone extending from the elbow to the wrist on the side opposite to the thumb.

Human Ulna

The bone extending from the elbow to the wrist on the side opposite to the thumb.

The process of converting cartilage to bone.

Ossifying Cartilage

The process of converting cartilage to bone.

"The bats of this genus have a long, slender tail, without hair, looking like a sharp, jointed bone, which gives them a very curious apperance. The species are <em>R. microphyllus</em>, found in Eypt, and the <em>R. Hardwichii</em>" —Goodrich, 1885

Rhinopomus Microphyllus

"The bats of this genus have a long, slender tail, without hair, looking like a sharp, jointed bone,…

"Fort Taylor, Key West, Fla. Key West, the most western of the Pine Islands, is about sixty miles southwest of Cape Sable, Florida. Its length is four miles, and its width is one mile. Its elevation from the sea does not exceed twenty feet. Its formation is of coral. The name is a corruption of Cago Hueso, or Bone Key, and has no relation to the position of the island, which is not the most western of the reef. On Whitehead's Point, the southwest extemity of the island, is a fixed light, eighty-three and a half feet above the level of the sea. Fort Taylor is a large, first-class fortification, commanding the harbor of Key West at its entrance. The foritication forms an irregular quadrangle, having three channel curtains. It is three hundred yards off the beach and on the southwest point of the island, and stands in a depth of seven or twelve feet of water. The foundation is granite, and the upper works are of brick. The scrap walls have a solidity of eight feet, rising forty feet above the water level. It is proyided with three tiers- two of casemate and one of barbette- and mounts one hundred and twenty-eight 10-inch Columbiad guns on the seaward front, and forty-five heavy pieces toward the beach."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Taylor

"Fort Taylor, Key West, Fla. Key West, the most western of the Pine Islands, is about sixty miles southwest…

"The war in Mississippi- defeat of Wirt Adams's Confederate cavalry by the Second Wisconsin cavalry, Major Eastman, near Red Bone Church, Miss."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

War in Mississippi

"The war in Mississippi- defeat of Wirt Adams's Confederate cavalry by the Second Wisconsin cavalry,…

A line of different types of oats in a planter.

Line of oats

A line of different types of oats in a planter.

The Queens dwarf maliciously sqeezes Gulliver's legs into a hollow marrow bone durning dinner.

Marrow Bone

The Queens dwarf maliciously sqeezes Gulliver's legs into a hollow marrow bone durning dinner.

An illustration of a sparrow-hawk's skeleton.

Skeleton of a Sparrowhawk

An illustration of a sparrow-hawk's skeleton.

The partial skeleton of a moa, an enormous flightless bird once native to New Zeland, now extinct.

Moa skeleton

The partial skeleton of a moa, an enormous flightless bird once native to New Zeland, now extinct.

Skeleton of a turtle.

Skeleton of a turtle

Skeleton of a turtle.

"The bones of fishes are of a less dense and compact nature than in the higher order of animals; in some, indeed, they are wholly cartilaginous. The skeleton may in general be divided into four chief parts - the Vertical Column, the Head, the Repiratory Apparatus, and the Limbs" &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Perch skeleton

"The bones of fishes are of a less dense and compact nature than in the higher order of animals; in…

"An internal support of a calcareous nature, and formed in laminae; this is the well-known <em>cuttlefish bone</em>, used fro cage birds, and also for making <em>pounce</em>; when reduced to powder, it is employed as a mould for fine castings." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Bone of the cuttle-fish

"An internal support of a calcareous nature, and formed in laminae; this is the well-known cuttlefish…

"The species of the genus <em>Clio</em>, belonging to this order, exist in prodigious numbers in the Arctic and Antarctic seas. So great, in fact, is their abundance, that although they do no exceed an inch in length, they furnish a great part of the food of the whale-bone fishes." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Clio borealis

"The species of the genus Clio, belonging to this order, exist in prodigious numbers in the…

"The Foot is that part of the lower extremity below the leg on which we stand and walk. It is composed of three series of groups of bones&ndash; the tarsal, or hindermost; the metatarsal, which occupy the middle portion; and the phalanges, which form the toes.The tarsal bones are seven in number. The metatarsal bones are five in number. The phalanges are 14 in number, three to each toe, except the great one, which has only two."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Side View of Bones in Foot

"The Foot is that part of the lower extremity below the leg on which we stand and walk. It is composed…

"The Foot is that part of the lower extremity below the leg on which we stand and walk. It is composed of three series of groups of bones&ndash; the tarsal, or hindermost; the metatarsal, which occupy the middle portion; and the phalanges, which form the toes.The tarsal bones are seven in number. The metatarsal bones are five in number. The phalanges are 14 in number, three to each toe, except the great one, which has only two."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Side View of Bones in Foot

"The Foot is that part of the lower extremity below the leg on which we stand and walk. It is composed…

"Whale is a name that may be taken as equivalent to Cetacean, and applied to any member of that order of mammals, which inculdes two great sets: the toothed whales, such as sperm whale and dolphin, and the whale-bone whales, such as right whale and rorqual, in which the teeth are only embryonic. The order Cetacea is usually divided into three sub-orders: (1) the Mystacoceti or Bal&aelig;noidea, baleen or whalebone whales; (2) the Odontoceti or Delphinoidea, toothed whales; and (3) the Arch&aelig;oceti or extinct Zeuglodonts. The differences between the extant sub-orders are so great that any idea of the close relationship must be abandoned; their common ancestry must be far back, and indeed it is doubtful whether our classification might not be brought nearer the truth by recognizing two distinct orders. Less specialized than the modern types are the extinct Zeuglododonts of the Eocene period, but it is by no means certain that they should be included within the order Cetacea."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Whale

"Whale is a name that may be taken as equivalent to Cetacean, and applied to any member of that order…

"The connective tissue with white fibers sometimes forms a very thin sheet, as in the delicate covering of a bone known as the periosteum, or it may be made up into ropelike bands, as in the ligaments of joints and the tendons of muscles." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

White fibrous tissue

"The connective tissue with white fibers sometimes forms a very thin sheet, as in the delicate covering…

"The Fibula tied into a Knot after the Mineral Matter has been dissolved by Acid." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Softened fibula

"The Fibula tied into a Knot after the Mineral Matter has been dissolved by Acid." — Blaisedell,…

"The Right Femur sawed in Two Lengthwise." — Blaisedell, 1904

Cross Section of a Femur

"The Right Femur sawed in Two Lengthwise." — Blaisedell, 1904

"Little openings (Haversian canals) are seen, and around them are arranged rings of bone with little dark spaces (<em>lacunae</em>), from which branch out fine dark lines (<em>analiculi</em>)." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Cross-section from a shaft of a long bone

"Little openings (Haversian canals) are seen, and around them are arranged rings of bone with little…

"A, frontal bone; B, parietal bone; C, temporal bone; D, sphenoid bone; E, malar bone; F, upper jawbone; G, lower jawbone" &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Human skull

"A, frontal bone; B, parietal bone; C, temporal bone; D, sphenoid bone; E, malar bone; F, upper jawbone;…

"A, Palate process of upper jawbone; B, zygoma, forming zygomatic arch; C, condyle, for forming articulation with atlas; D, foramen magnum; E, occipital bone" &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Base of skull

"A, Palate process of upper jawbone; B, zygoma, forming zygomatic arch; C, condyle, for forming articulation…

"The Top of the Skull, showing the Sutures." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Top of skull

"The Top of the Skull, showing the Sutures." — Blaisedell, 1904

"The <em>spine</em> or backbone, serves as a support for the whole body. It is made up of a number of seperate bones called vertebrae, between which are placed elastic pads, or cushions, of cartilage." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Spinal column

"The spine or backbone, serves as a support for the whole body. It is made up of a number of…

"The <em>shoulder-blade</em> is a large, flat, three-sided bone, which is placed on the upper and back part of the chest. On the outer side it has a saucerlike cavity on which the rounded head of the arm bone rests." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Scapula

"The shoulder-blade is a large, flat, three-sided bone, which is placed on the upper and back…

"The <em>humerus</em>, a long, hollow bone, rests against a shallow socket on the shoulder blade. It is joined at the elbow to the bones of the forearm." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Humerus

"The humerus, a long, hollow bone, rests against a shallow socket on the shoulder blade. It…

"The <em>ulna</em>, or elbow bone, is the larger of these two bones. It is joined to the humerus by a hinge joint at the elbow. It is on the same side as the little finger. The <em>radius</em>, queerly named because it is supposed to resemble one of the spokes of a wheel, is the long, slightly curved, outer bone fo the forearm. It is on the same side as the thumb. Its upper end is fastened both to the ulna and the humerus." — Blaisedell, 1904

Ulna and Radius

"The ulna, or elbow bone, is the larger of these two bones. It is joined to the humerus by…

"The <em>femur</em>, or thigh bone, the largest and heaviest bone in the body, reaches from the hip to the knee. It has a rounded head, which fits into the cuplike cavity in the hip bone which has already been mentioned." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Femur

"The femur, or thigh bone, the largest and heaviest bone in the body, reaches from the hip…

"The <em>leg</em> consists, like the forearm, of two bones. The larger, a strong, three-sided bone with a sharp edge in front, is called the <em>tibia</em>. It is commonly known as the shin bone. The smaller bone, bound at both ends to the tibia, as a pin is to a brooch, is called the <em>fibula</em>, meaning a buckle or clasp. It is a long, slender bone on the outside of the leg, and is lower end forms the outer ankle." — Blaisedell, 1904

Tibia and Fibula

"The leg consists, like the forearm, of two bones. The larger, a strong, three-sided bone with…

"The foot is built in the form of a half-dome or half-arch. This is to afford a broad, strong support surface for the support of the weight of the body. The bones of the toes and the heel form the piers, while the little bones wedged in between the metatarsal bones and the heel make up the keystone of the arch. This arch gives a certain amount of spring and elasticity to the feet, and hence it is of the upmost importance in preventing jars and jolts." — Blaisedell, 1904

Bones of the Foot

"The foot is built in the form of a half-dome or half-arch. This is to afford a broad, strong support…

"Showing how the Ends of the Bones are shaped to form the Elbow Joint. The cut ends of a few ligaments are seen." — Blaisedell, 1904

Elbow Joint

"Showing how the Ends of the Bones are shaped to form the Elbow Joint. The cut ends of a few ligaments…

"The bones are fastened together, kept in place, and their movements limited, by tough and strong bands, or straps, called <em>ligaments</em>, from a word meaning to bind." — Blaisedell, 1904

Ligaments of the Foot and Ankle

"The bones are fastened together, kept in place, and their movements limited, by tough and strong bands,…

"When a bone is broken, blood trickles out between the injured parts, and afterwards gives place to a sticky, watery fluid, which gradually becomes thicker, like a syrup or jelly. This is slowly replaced by a new bone structure and forms a kind of cement to gold together the broken ends." — Blaisedell, 1904

Broken Radius

"When a bone is broken, blood trickles out between the injured parts, and afterwards gives place to…

"When a bone is broken, blood trickles out between the incjured parts, and afterwards gives place to a sticky, watery fluid, which gradually becomes thicker, like a syrup or jelly. This is slowly replaced by a new bone structure and forms a kind of cement to gold together the broken ends." — Blaisedell, 1904

Broken Clavicle

"When a bone is broken, blood trickles out between the incjured parts, and afterwards gives place to…

"When a bone is broken, blood trickles out between the injured parts, and afterwards gives place to a sticky, watery fluid, which gradually becomes thicker, like a syrup or jelly. This is slowly replaced by a new bone structure and forms a kind of cement to gold together the broken ends." — Blaisedell, 1904

Broken Tibia

"When a bone is broken, blood trickles out between the injured parts, and afterwards gives place to…

"Showing how the Bones of the Skull may be artificially deformed by "head-binding." From the photograph of a "triangular" skull found in an Indian grave in Ancon, Peru." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Deformed skull

"Showing how the Bones of the Skull may be artificially deformed by "head-binding." From the photograph…

"<em>A</em>, last bone of finger; <em>B</em>, true skin on the dorsal surface of finger; <em>C</em>, outer skin; <em>D</em>, true skin; <em>E</em>, bed of nail; <em>F</em>, true skin of pulp of finger." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Longitudinal seciont of a fingernail

"A, last bone of finger; B, true skin on the dorsal surface of finger; C,…

"A Cast of the External Auditory Canal. The auditory canal is a passage in the solid potion of the temporal bone. It is lined by skin on which there are fine hairs, and a set of glands secreting earwax, which serves to moisten the parts, catch particles fo dust, and keep away small insects." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

External auditory canal

"A Cast of the External Auditory Canal. The auditory canal is a passage in the solid potion of the temporal…

"1, malleus, or hammer; 2, incus, or anvil; 3, stapes, or stirrup." — Blaisedell, 1904

Bones of the Ear

"1, malleus, or hammer; 2, incus, or anvil; 3, stapes, or stirrup." — Blaisedell, 1904

"Mammoth is a species of extinct elephant, the fossil remains of which are found in European, Asiatic and North American formations. Geologically speaking, the mammoth or Elephas primigenius, dates from the post-pliocene period, its remains having been frequently found associated with human remains, and its figure carved on bone. It had large curved tusks; was covered with fur and shaggy hair; and was twice as large as the modern elephant. Bones and tusks have been found in great abundance in Siberia, and America. In the St. Petersburg Imperial Museum is the perfect preserved carcass of a mammoth found in the frozen ice in Siberia in 1903."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Skeleton of the Mammoth

"Mammoth is a species of extinct elephant, the fossil remains of which are found in European, Asiatic…

"Cartilages and Ligaments of the Larynx. (Front view.) <em>A</em>, hyoid bone; <em>B</em>, membrane attached to hyoid bone and the shield-shaped cartilage below (thyroid); edges of this shield-shaped cartilage unite at <em>C</em> (Adam's apple is the V-shaped groove on a line with <em>B</em> and <em>C</em>; <em>D</em>, membrane between the shield-shaped cartilage and the signet-ring cartilage below; <em>E</em> cricoid, or signet-ring, cartilage; <em>F</em>, upper ring of the windpipe." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Front view of the larynx

"Cartilages and Ligaments of the Larynx. (Front view.) A, hyoid bone; B, membrane…

"<em>A</em>, epiglottis; <em>B</em>, section of hyoid bone; <em>C</em>, false vocal cords which have nothing to do with the production of voice; <em>D</em>, oblong opening between the false and true vocal cords; <em>E</em>, true vocal cord;<em>F</em>, section of the thyroid cartilage; <em>H</em>, section of the anterior portion of the cricoid cartilage; <em>K</em>, trachea; <em>L</em>, section of the posterior portion of the cricoid cartilage; <em>M</em>, ladle-shaped cartilage." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Vocal cords

"A, epiglottis; B, section of hyoid bone; C, false vocal cords which have…

"A needle, a pin. Pins were made not only of metal, but also of wood, bone, and ivory. They were used for the same purposes as with us, and also in dressing the hair. The mode of platting the hair, and then fastening it with a pin or needle, is shown in the annexed figure of the female head. This fashion has been continued to our own times by the females of Italy." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Acus

"A needle, a pin. Pins were made not only of metal, but also of wood, bone, and ivory. They were used…

"This is a game of pure manual dexterity, and is rare practice for cultivating steadiness of hand and delicacy of touch. Its worst fault is that in the very nature of the game a constant series of deadlocks are inevitable, only to be overcome by the self-sacrifice of one or other of the players. Jackstraws are a number of thing narrow slips of wood, bone or ivory, each more or less notched, sometimes cut into fantastic shapes, and numbered. These being held together in a bundle, are allowed to fall on the table, and the players, two or more in number, each in turn pull them out one by one with a small hook. As long as a player can go on abstracting from the heap, without in any way shaking or disturbing more than one jackstraw at the time, his turn continues, and all he thus secures he keeps; at the least shake his turn ceases, and the next player goes on. When all the jackstraws have been thus abstracted, each player counts his heap, each jackstraw being valued at the number inscribed on it, and he who has most wins."&mdash; Thomas Sheppard Meek

Jackstraws

"This is a game of pure manual dexterity, and is rare practice for cultivating steadiness of hand and…

Old Mother Hubbard went to the cupboard to get her poor dog a bone; But when she came there, the cupboard was bare, and so the poor dog had none.

Mother Hubbard

Old Mother Hubbard went to the cupboard to get her poor dog a bone; But when she came there, the cupboard…

"Talus. The huckle-bones of sheep and goats were used to play with from the earliest times, principally by women and children, occasionally by old men. The following cut, taken from an ancient painting, represents a woman, who, having thrown the bones upwards into the air, has caught three of them on the back of her hand. When the sides of the bone were marked with different values, the game became one of chance. The two ends were left blank, because the bone could not rest upon either of them on account of its curvature. The four remaining sides were marked with numbers 1, 3, 4, 5; 1 and 6 being on two opposite sides, and 3 and 4 on the other two opposite sides. Two persons played together at this game, using four bones, which they threw up into the air, or emptied out of a dice-box, and observing the numbers on the uppermost sides. " &mdash Smith; 1873

Talus

"Talus. The huckle-bones of sheep and goats were used to play with from the earliest times, principally…

The collar bone of a human.

Clavicle

The collar bone of a human.

A type of sword called cleddyo. Usually made of bronze and having a "leaf shape" form. the tounge being one piece with the blade, and the barrel of the hilt being formed by riveting a plate of wood, bone, or horn upon each sde of the tounge.

Sword

A type of sword called cleddyo. Usually made of bronze and having a "leaf shape" form. the tounge being…

"In bleeding from wounds of the shoulder or armpit the subclavian artery may be reached by pressing the thumb deeply into the hollow behind the collar bone." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Subclavian compression

"In bleeding from wounds of the shoulder or armpit the subclavian artery may be reached by pressing…

"In bleeding from any part of the arm or hand the branchial artery should be pressed outwards against the bone jujst behind the inner border of the larger muscle of the arm." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Branchial compression

"In bleeding from any part of the arm or hand the branchial artery should be pressed outwards against…

"In bleeding from the thigh, leg, or foot press backward with the thumbs on the femoral artery at the middle of the groin where the artery passes over the bone. The point is a little higher up than that indicated in Fig 6." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Femoral compression

"In bleeding from the thigh, leg, or foot press backward with the thumbs on the femoral artery at the…

A firm, hard, whitish substance, composing the skeleton.

Bone

A firm, hard, whitish substance, composing the skeleton.

A small bone attached to the jaw for chewing.

Tooth

A small bone attached to the jaw for chewing.