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Chain knot and toggle. The toggle is pulled to tighten up all the loops. Note: the loop of a knot is called the "bright." The "standing part" of the rope is the part opposite the free end.

Knots

Chain knot and toggle. The toggle is pulled to tighten up all the loops. Note: the loop of a knot is…

Columbus in chains aboard the Gorda

Columbus in Chains

Columbus in chains aboard the Gorda

Bird catching fish with cattails in background.

Bird catching fish

Bird catching fish with cattails in background.

Plate Gorget.

Gorget

Plate Gorget.

Knight wearing chair armor.

Chain armor

Knight wearing chair armor.

An ornament of the Norman period in imitation of a chain.

Chain Moulding

An ornament of the Norman period in imitation of a chain.

"Skirmishing between the pickets of the two armies near Munson's Hill- the hill in the distance. Munson's Hill is about five miles from the Chain Bridge, on the northern side of the Leesburg Turnpike, about one mile from Bailey's Crossroads, where our pickets were stationed, and about three miles this side of Falls Church, which was in full possession of the enemy. In this neighborhood they had strong pickets, which frequently came into collision with those sent out upon the Federal side from Ball's Roads." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Munson's Hill

"Skirmishing between the pickets of the two armies near Munson's Hill- the hill in the distance. Munson's…

"Siege of Vicksburg, attack on the Confederate Works, May 22nd, 1863. Our sketch represents the terrible but fruitless assault made on Pemberton's last line of defense around the city of Vicksburg. On May 22nd, 1863, a tremendous assault was made on the grass-covered fortifications held by the Confederate army. These works consisted of a chain of forts about eight hundred yards apart, connected by deep intrenchments and extending for seven miles. Lawler's brigade rushed up amid a cross fire, and with heavy loss planted the Stars and Stripes on the edge of a parapet; but the enemy gathered there, and the Federals were overpowered. Landrum's brigade came to the relief, but faltered. McClernand ordered up Benton and Burbridge on the right. Sherman and McPherson also advanced, and at point after point the old flag fluttered for awhile on the works. On the extreme right Steele's division, with Blair on his left, advanced as Pemberton fell back, and, like the others, could only display the bravery of the men. Covered by the ravines which intersected the ground the Federal troops would get near the works and make a gallant rush onward, reach the parapet, yet when the edge of the fort was gained the interior was swept by a line of the rifle pits in the rear and a partition breastwork, so that the Federals, even when in the fort, were almost as far from victory as before. In one case a party of twelve Iowans led by a youth named Griffiths, took and held a fort, but all finally fell under the fire of their assailants except Griffiths, who, with musket and revolver, captured fourteen Confederates when had discharged their pieces, and brought them off. The Confederates used for almost the first time hand grenades, which they rolled down the sides of the works on the assaulting party in the ditch or clinging to the side. This dreadful day swept away thousands of gallant Federals. The siege now began in earnest. No army could stand such losses. Closer were the lines drawn around the enemy. Siege guns were mounted. The mines began their work, and the fortifications were assailed from beneath."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Attack on Confederate Works

"Siege of Vicksburg, attack on the Confederate Works, May 22nd, 1863. Our sketch represents the terrible…

Fac-simile of the Continental Bills. The paper on which these bills were printed was quite thick, and the enemy called it "the <em>pasteboard</em> money of the rebels." The vignettes were generally, both in device and motto, significant. The one most prominent in the engraving represents a beaver in the slow but sure process of cutting down a tree with its teeth. The motto, "Preseverando- by Preseverance," said to the colonists, "Persist, and you will be successful." I will notice a few other devices and mottoes of bills which I have seen. A globe, with the motto, in Latin, "The Lord reigns; let the earth rejoice." A candlestick with thirteen branches and burners, denoting the number of states; motto, "One fire, and to the same purpose." A thorn-bush with a hand grasping it; motto, "Sustain or abstain." A circular chain bearing on each link the name of a state, an emblem of union; motto, "We are one."

Continental Bills

Fac-simile of the Continental Bills. The paper on which these bills were printed was quite thick, and…

"Society of the Cincinnati, member's certificate. This engraving is a fac simile of a certificate, about one fourth the size of the original, which is thirteen inches and a half in breadth, and twenty inches in length. The originals are printed on fine vellum. The plate was engraved in France by J. J. le Veau, from a drawing by Aug. le Belle. I am indebted to the late James G. Wilson, son of Ensign Wilson, named in the certificate, for the use of the orginal in making this copy. The former was engraved on copper; this is engraved on wood. The design represents American liberty as a strong man armed, bearing in one hand the Union flag, and in the other a naked sword. Beneath his feet are British flags, and a broken spear, shield, and chain. Hovering by his side is the eagle, our national emblem, from whose talons the lightning of destruction is flashing upon the British lion. Britannia, with the crown falling from her head, is hastening toward a boat to escape to a fleet, which denotes the departure of British power from our shore. Upon a cloud, on the right, is an angel blowing a trumpet, from which flutters a loose scroll."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Society of the Cincinnati

"Society of the Cincinnati, member's certificate. This engraving is a fac simile of a certificate, about…

"West Point in 1780. This view is from a print published in the <em>New York Magazine</em> for 1790. It was taken from Constitution Island. On the left is seen a portion of old Fort Constitution. The great chain, four hundred and fifty yards in length, and covered by a strong battery, is seen stretched across the river, immediately below Fort Clinton, the structure on the high point. In the distance, on the left, two mountain summits are seen, crowned with fortifications. These were the North and Middle Redoubts. Upon the range of the Sugar Loaf Mountain, higher than these, and hidden, in the view, by Fort Clinton, was another redoubt, called the South Battery."—Lossing, 1851

West Point

"West Point in 1780. This view is from a print published in the New York Magazine for 1790.…

"Site of Fort Watson."—Lossing, 1851 <p>The Siege of Fort Watson was an American Revolutionary War confrontation in South Carolina that began on April 15, 1781 and lasted until April 23, 1781. Continental Army forces under Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee and South Carolina militia under Francis Marion besieged Fort Watson, a fortified British outpost that formed part of the communication and supply chain between Charleston and other British outposts further inland. <p>The attackers, lacking artillery, were unable to make a dent in the fortified works, and failed in attempts to deny the garrison of a water supply. They then devised a plan to build a tower from which sharpshooters could fire into the fort's walls. Fort Watson was once again attacked by the Americans on April 23, with the British forces unable to control the walls due to musket fire from the tower. They surrendered shortly afterwards.

Fort Watson

"Site of Fort Watson."—Lossing, 1851 The Siege of Fort Watson was an American Revolutionary War confrontation…

"A Crane is a machine for lifting weights, worked either by hand or by steam, or by hydraulic power. The most common hand form consisting of an upright revolving post and projecting arm, the jib with a fixed pulley at its extremity. The lifting chain or rope is secured to the weight, passes over the fixed pulley, and then round a drum or cylinder; suitable toothed-wheel gearing worked by a handle revolves this drum, and thus winds up or unwinds the rope or chain, and so raises or lowers the weight."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Steam Crane

"A Crane is a machine for lifting weights, worked either by hand or by steam, or by hydraulic power.…

"The Cervical and Thoracic Portions of the Sympathetic Nerve and their Main Branches. In the center of the figure, running almost vertically, is shown the right pneumogastrix nerve. To the left may be seen a chain of ganglia of the sympathetic nerve, running along the vertebrae. The distribution of some smaller ganglia and nerve branches in the neck and chest regions are also shown." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Sympathetic nerve

"The Cervical and Thoracic Portions of the Sympathetic Nerve and their Main Branches. In the center…

"A Pump is a machine, engine, or device, consisting of an arrangement of a piston, cylinder, and valves, for raising water or other liquid to a higher level, or for compressing or exhausting air and other gases. There are numerous varieties of pumps differing more or less in construction, according to the purposes for which each is intended, but the most important are the suction pump, the lifting or lift pump, the force pump, and the centrifugal or rotary pump."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Chain Pump

"A Pump is a machine, engine, or device, consisting of an arrangement of a piston, cylinder, and valves,…

"A cuirass. The cuirass was worn by the heavy-armed infantry both among the Greeks and Romans. The soldiers commonly wore cuirasses made of flexble bands of steel, or cuirasses of chain mail, but those of generals and officers usually consisted of the breast-piece and back-piece, made of bronze or iron, which were joined by means of buckles." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Lorica

"A cuirass. The cuirass was worn by the heavy-armed infantry both among the Greeks and Romans. The soldiers…

"A cuirass. The cuirass was worn by the heavy-armed infantry both among the Greeks and Romans. The soldiers commonly wore cuirasses made of flexble bands of steel, or cuirasses of chain mail, but those of generals and officers usually consisted of the breast-piece and back-piece, made of bronze or iron, which were joined by means of buckles." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Lorica

"A cuirass. The cuirass was worn by the heavy-armed infantry both among the Greeks and Romans. The soldiers…

Iron belt-chain used in the Gallic War.

Gallic Iron Belt-chain

Iron belt-chain used in the Gallic War.

A section of chain mail from a suit of chain mail armor, lorica hamata.

Chain Mail

A section of chain mail from a suit of chain mail armor, lorica hamata.

Two balls or halves of a ball connected by a chain, chiefly used in old naval ordnance to cut down the masts or spars of vessels or to destroy the shrouds and rigging.

Chain Shot

Two balls or halves of a ball connected by a chain, chiefly used in old naval ordnance to cut down the…

A sprocket and chain.

Sprocket

A sprocket and chain.

A sprocket and chain.

Sprocket

A sprocket and chain.

A sprocket and chain.

Sprocket

A sprocket and chain.

A sprocket and chain.

Sprocket

A sprocket and chain.

"An ornament or kind of chain, of gold, twisted spiraly, and bent in a circular form, which was worn around the neck." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Torques

"An ornament or kind of chain, of gold, twisted spiraly, and bent in a circular form, which was worn…

An iron bent in the form of a stirrup, horseshoe, or the letter U with two ends perforated to recieve a pin, used to connect a draft chain or whipple tree to a cart or plow.

Clevis

An iron bent in the form of a stirrup, horseshoe, or the letter U with two ends perforated to recieve…

A series of links or rings, connected together, used for various purposes.

Chain

A series of links or rings, connected together, used for various purposes.

Two balls, connected by a chain and used to cut down masts.

Chain-shot

Two balls, connected by a chain and used to cut down masts.

A fastening consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a mannacle; used when taking one to jail.

Handcuff

A fastening consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the…

A wheel furnished with projecting pins on the rim, which fit into the links of a chain.

Rag-wheel

A wheel furnished with projecting pins on the rim, which fit into the links of a chain.

A cylinder or roller for raising weights, turned by a crank or lever, with a rope or chain attached to the weight.

Windlass

A cylinder or roller for raising weights, turned by a crank or lever, with a rope or chain attached…

"Across the middle ear a chain of three small bones stretches from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. These bones are called from their shape the <em>malleus</em> (hammer), the <em>incus</em> (anvil), and the <em>stapes</em> (stirrup)." — Ritchie, 1918

Bones of the Ear

"Across the middle ear a chain of three small bones stretches from the tympanic membrane to the inner…

"In the differential pulley, an endless chain is reeved upon a solid wheel that has two grooved rims and is carried in a fixed block above, and upon a pulley below." &mdash; Avery, 1895

Differential Pulley

"In the differential pulley, an endless chain is reeved upon a solid wheel that has two grooved rims…

"The most common and, for many purposes, the most convenient form of condenser is the Leyden jar. This consists of a glass jar, coated within and without for about two-thirds its height with tinfoil, and a metallic rod that communicates by means of a small chain with the inner coat, and terminates above in a knob or a disk." &mdash; Avery, 1895

Leyden Jar

"The most common and, for many purposes, the most convenient form of condenser is the Leyden jar. This…

"The most common and, for many purposes, the most convenient form of condenser is the Leyden jar. This consists of a glass jar, coated within and without for about two-thirds its height with tinfoil, and a metallic rod that communicates by means of a small chain with the inner coat, and terminates above in a knob or a disk." &mdash; Avery, 1895

Diagram of a Leyden jar

"The most common and, for many purposes, the most convenient form of condenser is the Leyden jar. This…

Interior of the ear. There is external to the head a wide-mouthed tube, or ear-trumpet (a), for catching and concentrating the waves of sound. It is movable in many beings, so that they can direct it to the place from which the sound comes. The sound concentrated at the bottom of the ear-tube falls upon a membrane stretched across the channel, like the parchment of an ordinary drum, over the space called the <em>tympanum</em>, or <em>drum of the ear</em> (b), and causes the membrane to vibrate. That its motion may be free, the air contained within the drum has free communication with the external air by the open passage (f), called the <em>eustachian tube</em>, leading to the back of the mouth. A degree of deafness ensues when this tube is obstructed, as in a cold; and a crack, or sudden noise, with immediate return of natural hearing, is, generally experienced when, in the effort of sneezing or otherwise, the obstruction is removed. The vibrations of the membrane of the drum are conveyed further inwards, through the cavity of the drum, by a chain of four bones (not here represented on account of their minuteness), reaching from the centre of the membrane to the <em>oval door</em> or <em>window</em>, leading into the labyrinth (e). The labyrinth, or complex inner compartment of the ear, over which the nerve of hearing is spread as a lining, is full of watery fluid; and, therefore, by the law of fluid pressure, when the force of the moving membrane of the drum, acting through the chain of bones, is made to compress the water, the pressure is felt instantly over the whole cavity. The labyrinth consists of the <em>vestibule</em> (e), the three <em>semicircular canals</em> (c), imbedded in the hard bone, and a winding cavity, called the <em>cochlea</em> (d), like that of a snail-shell, in which fibres, stretched across like harp-strings, constitute the <em>lyra</em>.

Ear

Interior of the ear. There is external to the head a wide-mouthed tube, or ear-trumpet (a), for catching…

Snakes that feed on rodents and that can get quite large in size.

King Snake

Snakes that feed on rodents and that can get quite large in size.

This illustration shows the arrangement of the nervous material in the anterior end of an Oligochete Worm, seen in profile. That part of the body wall nearest the observer is supposed to be removed. a, anterior; b.w., body wall; g, dorsal ganglia (brain); g', ventral chain of ganglia; n, nerve ring around the pharynx; o, mouth; p, pharynx.

Oligochete Worm

This illustration shows the arrangement of the nervous material in the anterior end of an Oligochete…

This diagram shows some stages in the life history of the tapeworm. A, Cysticercus or Bladderworm stage, before the "head" protrudes from the bladder; B, same, later stage; C, Strobila, or chain of proglottides, many being omitted; D, embryo such as fill the uterus of the mature proglottides. It is protected by a shell. b, bladder; ex., excretory canals; g, genital pore; h, head or scolex provided with hooks and suckers (s); u, uterus in a mature posterior proglottis; z, one of budding or segment formation. The numerals show the approximate number of segments, reckoning from the front.

Tapeworm

This diagram shows some stages in the life history of the tapeworm. A, Cysticercus or Bladderworm stage,…

This diagram shows the longitudinal section of the anterior end of the annelid. A, sagittal section; B, frontal section to show anterior portion of nervous system. b, brain; co., nervous collar about the mouth; c.v., contractile blood vessels; d, dissepiment; d.m., dermo-muscular wall; d.v., dorsal blood vessel; m, mouth; n.c., nerve cells; n.f., nerve fibers; np., nephridia; p, prostomium; ph., pharynx; s, setae; sn., segmental nerves; v.g, ventral chain of fanglia; v.v., ventral blood vessel. Only a portion of the blood vascular system is shown, and this appears unsectioned in the figure.

Annelid

This diagram shows the longitudinal section of the anterior end of the annelid. A, sagittal section;…

This diagram shows a transverse section of dero. c., caelom; c.l., cells of the so-called "lateral line"; d.m., dermo-muscular wall including muscles and skin; d.v., dorsal blood vessel; ect, ectoderm; ent, entoderm; g, gut; g.f., giant nerve fibers; gl, glandular cells assisting in digestion; m.c., circular muscle fibers; m.l., longitudinal muscle fibers; n, nephridium; n.v., ventral nerve chain, made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers; s, setae; v.v., ventral blood vessel.

Annelid

This diagram shows a transverse section of dero. c., caelom; c.l., cells of the so-called "lateral line";…

A section of Gray & Davis generator for silent-chain drive.

Gray and Davis Generator

A section of Gray & Davis generator for silent-chain drive.

"a, a chain of motile rodlets still growing and dividing (bacilli). b, a pair of bacilli actively growing and dividing. p, a rodlet in this condition (but divided into four segments) after treatment with alcoholic iodine solution. c, d, e, f, successive stages in the development of the spores. r, a rodlet segmented in four, each segment containing one ripe spore. g2, g3, early stages in the germination of the spores (after being dried for several days); h1, h2, i, k, l and m, successive stages i, the germination of the spore." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Megaterium

"a, a chain of motile rodlets still growing and dividing (bacilli). b, a pair of bacilli actively growing…

"A machine used for clearing out or deepening the channels of rivers or harbors. Dredging-machines are variously constructed, the simplest being like the oyster-dredge described above, only having a perforated cowhide bag instead of the chain-net, and a stronger 'spoon' or iron mouth to the bag." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Dredge Machine

"A machine used for clearing out or deepening the channels of rivers or harbors. Dredging-machines are…

"A chain of motile rodlets still growing and dividing (bacilli)." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bacillus Megaterium

"A chain of motile rodlets still growing and dividing (bacilli)." — The Encyclopedia Britannica,…

"A ball-bearing hub with outward cups. The hub-shell H is turned out of mild steel, and the cups C are forced into the ends of the hub-shell and soldered thereto. A thin washer W is then spun into the end, for the purpose of retaining oil, and a thin internal tube T unites the two cups, and guides the oil fed in at the middle of the hub to the balls. The projecting flanges S are for the attachment of the tangent spokes used to build the hub into the wheel. The spindle A has the two cones screwed on it, one C, against the shoulder, the other C, adjustable. The-spindle ends are passed through the back-fork ends and are there adjusted in position by the chain-tension adjusters. After adjustments the nuts N clamp the spindle securely between the fork-ends. The chain-wheel or free-wheel clutch is screwed on the end of the hub-shell with a right-hand thread." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Ball-bearing Hub

"A ball-bearing hub with outward cups. The hub-shell H is turned out of mild steel, and the cups C are…

"One end of the cup-adjusting hub, with inward bearings. The cones are formed of one piece with the spindles, and the adjusting cp C is screwed in the end of the hub shell, and locked in position by the screwed locking-ring R. The figure also illustrates a divided spindle for facilitating the removal of the tire for repair when required without disturbing the wheel, bearings, chain or gear-case. The chain side of the hub-spindle, not shown in the figure, is secured to the frame in the usual way; on the left side the spindle S projects very little beyond the adjusting cup. A distance washer W is placed between the end of the spindle S and the fork-end F. A detachable screw-pin, or the footstep, P, passes through the washer W, and is screwed into the end of the spindle S, the hexagod head of the detachable pin drawing all the parts securely together." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Cup-adjusting Hub

"One end of the cup-adjusting hub, with inward bearings. The cones are formed of one piece with the…

"The usual form of crank-axle bearing which has inward-cups and is cup-adjusting. The end of the bracket is split and the cup after adjustment is clamped in position by the clamping screw S. The usual mode of fastening the cranks to the axle is by round cotters C with a flat surface at a slight angle to the axis, thus forming a wedge, which is driven in tight. The small end of the cotter projects through the crank, and is screwed and held in place by a nut. The chain-wheel at the crank-axis is usually detachable fastened to the right-hand crank." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Crank-axle Bearing

"The usual form of crank-axle bearing which has inward-cups and is cup-adjusting. The end of the bracket…

"The "block" chain consists of a series of central blocks connected by side plates." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bicycle Chain

"The "block" chain consists of a series of central blocks connected by side plates." — The Encyclopedia…

"The "roller" chain consists of a series of outside and inside links. The outside link A is made up of two steel side plates P united by two shouldered rivets R. The inside link B consists of two side plates P united by two tubular pieces T, which form bushes for the rivets R and pivots for the rollers L. The rivets, bushes and rollers are case-hardened." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bicycle Chain

"The "roller" chain consists of a series of outside and inside links. The outside link A is made up…

"The general arrangement of a puddling furnace; a is the charging door for the fuel, d the bridge with an air course to cool it, c the bed supported on iron plates with air courses under them, f the exit flue leading to the chimney stack, which is surmounted with a damper k worked by a chain i from within the shen in which the forge is placed; b is the ashpit, g the slag-hole, and e the working door suspended by a chain from a lever with the counterpoise attached h, resting on the front side of the furnace roof." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Puddling Furnace

"The general arrangement of a puddling furnace; a is the charging door for the fuel, d the bridge with…

"The general arrangement of a puddling furnace; a is the charging door for the fuel, d the bridge with an air course to cool it, c the bed supported on iron plates with air courses under them, f the exit flue leading to the chimney stack, which is surmounted with a damper k worked by a chain i from within the shen in which the forge is placed; b is the ashpit, g the slag-hole, and e the working door suspended by a chain from a lever with the counterpoise attached h, resting on the front side of the furnace roof." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Puddling Furnace

"The general arrangement of a puddling furnace; a is the charging door for the fuel, d the bridge with…

"The chain-pump consists of a tube or cylinder, the lower part of which is immersed in a well or reservoir, and the upper part enters the bottom of a cistern into which the water is to be raised. A chain is carried round a wheel at the top, and is furnished at equal distances with movable bottoms, which fit water-tight in the tube. As the wheel revolves, they successively enter the tube, and carry the water up before them, which is discharged into the cistern at the top of the tube." &mdash; Wells, 1857

Chain-Pump

"The chain-pump consists of a tube or cylinder, the lower part of which is immersed in a well or reservoir,…

"A gold chain is formed of wires closely plaited and very flexible, the ends terminating in the heads of water fowl, and having small rings to secure the collar behind." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Egyptian Chain

"A gold chain is formed of wires closely plaited and very flexible, the ends terminating in the heads…

"Plane mirrors M revolve on an endless chain placed outside of the apparatus and alter the direction of the flashes after they pass into the dark arc on the landward side so as to cause the lenses L, L to repeat their flashes over the seaward are which requires strengthening. The condensing spherical mirror and mirror of unequal areas will also be found applicable in cases where the flashes do not require to sweep over the whole horizon." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Repeating Light

"Plane mirrors M revolve on an endless chain placed outside of the apparatus and alter the direction…

"The following description of a section of Lord Rosse's telescope, though not so perfect as could be desired, is the best we could obtain. it exhibits a view of the inside of the eastern wall, with the tube, and machinery by which it is moved. A is the mason-work on the ground; B the universal joint, which allows the tube to turn in all directions; C the speculum in the tube; E the eye-piece through which the observer looks; F a pulley by which the tube is moved; H a chain attached to the pulley, and to the side of the tube; I, a chain running to K, the counterpoise; L, a lever connecting the chain M with the tube; Z another chain which passes from the upper part of the tube over a pulley at W, (not seen) and crosses to the opposite wall; X a railroad on which the speculum is drawn either to or from the tube. The dotted line H, shows the course of the weight R, as the tube rises or falls. The tube is moved from wall to wall by a ratchet wheel at R, which is turned by the lever O, on the circle N, the ends of which are fixed in the two walls." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Telescope

"The following description of a section of Lord Rosse's telescope, though not so perfect as could be…

A name given to the plate armor of the leg below the knee.

Bainberg

A name given to the plate armor of the leg below the knee.

A horse with battle armor.

Armored Horse

A horse with battle armor.

A mooring swivel

Chain

A mooring swivel

From a Fresco in the " Sala di Constantino, " in the Vatican, Rome. The scene is laid on the left bank of the Tiber; the chain of the Monte Mario hills, with Mount Janiculum and Ponte Molle on the right.

The Battle of Constantine

From a Fresco in the " Sala di Constantino, " in the Vatican, Rome. The scene is laid on the left bank…