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"The Pepo is an inferior fruit, with a thick and fleshy rind, with two or more fleshy parietal placentas, projecting more or less inward."—Darby, 1855

A Section of the Pepo

"The Pepo is an inferior fruit, with a thick and fleshy rind, with two or more fleshy parietal placentas,…

"The Hesperidium is a fleshy fruit, in which the epicarp and mesocarp form a thick rind, and the endocarp projects inward, forming triangular divisions, in which pulpy cells are developed, which surround the seeds."—Darby, 1855

Hesperidium

"The Hesperidium is a fleshy fruit, in which the epicarp and mesocarp form a thick rind, and the endocarp…

"The Pome is an inferior fleshy fruit, of which the edicarp, mesocarp, and fleshy calyx form the greater part, which is eatable. The endocarp is tough and horny, and forms the cells of the seeds."—Darby, 1855

Pome

"The Pome is an inferior fleshy fruit, of which the edicarp, mesocarp, and fleshy calyx form the greater…

"The Silicua is a variety of the capsule, composed of two carpels opening from the base upward, and having a framework called the replum, which forms a spurious dissepiment."—Darby, 1855

Silicula

"The Silicua is a variety of the capsule, composed of two carpels opening from the base upward, and…

A machine which separated the seeds from raw cotton more rapidly than could be done by hand.

Whitney's Cotton Gin

A machine which separated the seeds from raw cotton more rapidly than could be done by hand.

A machine used to separate immature seeds from wheat, oats, rye, barley, and other grains. This diagram shows the process of how the machine works.

Diagram of a Fanning Mill

A machine used to separate immature seeds from wheat, oats, rye, barley, and other grains. This diagram…

A weeder used for harrowing small grains.

Weeder

A weeder used for harrowing small grains.

This seeding machine was used to facilitate the process of planting seeds into the soil.

Machine, Seeding

This seeding machine was used to facilitate the process of planting seeds into the soil.

This machine was used to aerate the soil before planting seeds.

Mifflin Cultivator

This machine was used to aerate the soil before planting seeds.

This mechanical drawing of a cotton gin depicts internal moving parts, where the machine was intended to separate cotton fibers from seeds.

Cotton Gin Machine

This mechanical drawing of a cotton gin depicts internal moving parts, where the machine was intended…

Apples are ready to be picked when the apples begin to fall on their own, when their seeds are plump and brown, and when the apples will fall with a slight touch. Apples should be picked before the end of October.

Fruiting Branch of Apple

Apples are ready to be picked when the apples begin to fall on their own, when their seeds are plump…

Broad bean, or fava bean, seeds are a round or oval shape. There are three to eight seeds per pod. The seed is edible and is frequently used in cooking.

Broad Bean Seed

Broad bean, or fava bean, seeds are a round or oval shape. There are three to eight seeds per pod. The…

Fennel is a vegetable. Fennel leaves are usually used for garnish. The stalks are sometimes blanched and can be eaten either boiled or raw. The seeds are also used for flavoring.

Fennel

Fennel is a vegetable. Fennel leaves are usually used for garnish. The stalks are sometimes blanched…

The common name of lens is lentils. Lens esculenta is the edible variety. The flowers are small and pale blue. The plant grows between six and eighteen inches tall. The seeds are used as food.

Upper Portion of Plant of Lens Esculenta

The common name of lens is lentils. Lens esculenta is the edible variety. The flowers are small and…

Mignonette seeds must be collected as it begins turning brown. If allowed to become ripe before being collected the best seeds will be lost.

Ripe Seed Vessel of Mignonette

Mignonette seeds must be collected as it begins turning brown. If allowed to become ripe before being…

The small pea pod pictured is opened with two seeds developed. There are also the remains of two unfertilized ovules.

Small Pea Pod

The small pea pod pictured is opened with two seeds developed. There are also the remains of two unfertilized…

The common names of picea excelsa are burgundy pitch tree and Norway spruce fir. Pictured is a fruiting branch and scale with seeds in position, and the seed of the burgundy pitch tree.

Picea Excelsa

The common names of picea excelsa are burgundy pitch tree and Norway spruce fir. Pictured is a fruiting…

Pictured are annuals filling the formal space between a drive and a tree group. Annuals are plants that bloom in the open the same year the seeds are sown and that do not live over winter.

Annual Plants in Landscaping

Pictured are annuals filling the formal space between a drive and a tree group. Annuals are plants that…

Pictured is a semi-formal garden space of annual flowers. Annuals are plants that bloom in the open the same year the seeds are sown and that do not live over winter.

Semi-Formal Garden Space

Pictured is a semi-formal garden space of annual flowers. Annuals are plants that bloom in the open…

<I>Artocarpus incisa</I> is a tropical tree that produces bread fruit. The fruit is edible. The seeds from the fruit can be boiled and eaten.

Artocarpus Incisa

Artocarpus incisa is a tropical tree that produces bread fruit. The fruit is edible. The seeds from…

Broad bean is the common name of vicia faba. It is an erect growing plant and produces very large, usually flat seeds.

Broad Bean

Broad bean is the common name of vicia faba. It is an erect growing plant and produces very large, usually…

The common names of <I>Benincasa hispida</I> are wax gourd, white gourd of India, zit-kwa, Chinese preserving melon, and Chinese watermelon. The fruit is oblong, ten to sixteen inches long. The fruit has white flesh and cucumber like seeds.

Benincasa Hispida

The common names of Benincasa hispida are wax gourd, white gourd of India, zit-kwa, Chinese preserving…

Illustrated are seeds of cacti. The seeds are (1) mamillaria, (2) cereus, (3) flat-jointed opuntias, (4) echinocereus, and (5) cylindrical opuntias.

Seeds of Cacti

Illustrated are seeds of cacti. The seeds are (1) mamillaria, (2) cereus, (3) flat-jointed opuntias,…

Illustrated is carex scoparia with androgynous spikes and seeds.

Carex Scoparia

Illustrated is carex scoparia with androgynous spikes and seeds.

Illustrated is carex lurida with the stamen terminal spikes and triangular seeds.

Carex Lurida

Illustrated is carex lurida with the stamen terminal spikes and triangular seeds.

Celastrus orbiculatus is a high climbing shrub. The leaves are two to three inches long and slightly serrated. The fruit is round, orange yellow, and has crimson seeds.

Celastrus Orbiculatus

Celastrus orbiculatus is a high climbing shrub. The leaves are two to three inches long and slightly…

The common names of celastrus scandens are false bitter sweet and wax work. The shrub is a high climber, growing up to twenty feet tall. The fruit is orange yellow with crimson seeds.

Celastrus Scandens

The common names of celastrus scandens are false bitter sweet and wax work. The shrub is a high climber,…

The cotton boll is a result of a carpel breaking open and covering the seeds.

Cotton Boll

The cotton boll is a result of a carpel breaking open and covering the seeds.

The common name of ecballium elaterium is squirting cucumber. When ripe the oblong fruits squirt its seeds at the slightest touch.

Ecballium Elaterium

The common name of ecballium elaterium is squirting cucumber. When ripe the oblong fruits squirt its…

Illustrated is the pod of a legume or bean. The seeds are arranged in rows.

Pod of Legume

Illustrated is the pod of a legume or bean. The seeds are arranged in rows.

Sing Kwa is the common name of luffa acutangula. The fruit is strongly ribbed with black seeds. It is probably indigenous to Asia.

Luffa Acutangula

Sing Kwa is the common name of luffa acutangula. The fruit is strongly ribbed with black seeds. It is…

The capsule of lychnis githago usually has one compartment. The seeds are borne on a central placenta.

Lychnis Githago Capsule and Seeds

The capsule of lychnis githago usually has one compartment. The seeds are borne on a central placenta.

Illustrated are the seeds of the nutmeg tree which are used in commerce. The upper specimens show the aril or mace. The lower specimens show the nut after the mace is removed.

Nutmegs

Illustrated are the seeds of the nutmeg tree which are used in commerce. The upper specimens show the…

Pictured is a device used in clipping olive seeds. The device clips the apex of the olive seed.

Olive Seed Clipper

Pictured is a device used in clipping olive seeds. The device clips the apex of the olive seed.

A lima bean at different stages of soaking. This is an experiment to show how seeds get water from the soil.

Lima Bean

A lima bean at different stages of soaking. This is an experiment to show how seeds get water from the…

Seeds that are placed in hot water to see where their openings are by the air coming out of them.

Hot Water

Seeds that are placed in hot water to see where their openings are by the air coming out of them.

A method of finding the swelling capacity of seeds. Dry beans are placed in a clay cup with holes to let in water. The cup is placed on a pan of water. On top of the seeds is a cup with a piece of wood. On top of this is a three-corned file or iron piece that the iron bar will rest on. The bar is held at eyebolt a at one end. At the other end are iron weights. A ruler is placed at f and is marked where the bar crosses it. (Part of the outer cup is cut away to show the seeds.) When the seeds swell, the bar will rise, resulting in more weights being needed on the bar. At the end, a person ties rope to point b and lifts it to see if he/she can lift as much weight as the seeds.

Seed Swelling

A method of finding the swelling capacity of seeds. Dry beans are placed in a clay cup with holes to…

To show how strong the swelling force of seeds is, this bottle was filled with seeds and water and placed under water until it broke.

Seed Swelling

To show how strong the swelling force of seeds is, this bottle was filled with seeds and water and placed…

This illustration shows a cross-section of a modern flour mill. Wheat is received in bin a, and first passes to the separator b, where it falls over vibrating screens, c, c, and a current of air draws light rubbish through pipe e to fan d. Next, in scourer f, it passes through revolving beaters, and meets a current of air. In the brush g, revolving brushes further clean and polish the wheat, which then passes to the 'cylinder' h. This revolving cylinder has grooves which pick up any small seeds, carrying them around until near the top of its revolution they drop into trough k and discharge by l at n, while the wheat grains too large for the grooving to affect, fall into the trough m, and are carried by the elevator p to the 'first break rolls', o. Here the wheat is partly crushed by rolls q, q, and passed to the 'scalper' r. Here, revolving brushes and beaters force the small particles through the fixed cage to the shoot s, while the larger are delivered at the end of the cage and pass to the second pair of rolls, t, and the second scalper, u. The coarse particles from u, chiefly bran, pass through a third set of rolls, v, and then to the 'bran duster', w, a cylinder where revolving brushes clean all flour from the bran and force it through perforations towards shoot x, the bran being delivered at y. The flour is carried by elevator p' to the 'reel' z, a finely perforated cylinder which revolves rapidly, an the finer part passes by shoot s' to the 'centrifugal' u'; the coarser part delivered at the end of the cylinder, passes to the 'purifier' r', where a current of air removes light dust as it travels over a moving sieve, and thence to a set of rolls at t' for further reduction, after which it is delivered to the centrifugal u'. This is a revolving drum, covered with silk, through which the flour is thrown by centrifugal force, and is delivered finished at v', the offals passing out at the end of the drum to the shoot w'.

Modern Flour Mill

This illustration shows a cross-section of a modern flour mill. Wheat is received in bin a, and first…

The Jumping Mouse (Zapus hudsonius) is a N. American, jerboa-like mouse, with long hind legs, a very long tail, and five complete toes on the hind foot. It is warmly reddish above, white on the lower parts, and progresses, when alarmed, by a series of rapid leaps, each of several yards, when in haste. it dwells in open, grassy places, skulking about under the herbage and feeding mostly on grass seeds; there it places its nest (a hollow ball of grass) in some small hole or burrow, and spends the cold months in a long hibernation.

Jumping Mouse

The Jumping Mouse (Zapus hudsonius) is a N. American, jerboa-like mouse, with long hind legs, a very…

Larch, or Larix, is a genus of hardy, deciduous, coniferous trees of very graceful habit. They bear monoecious flowers, the male catkins being small and oval, whilst the female ones are much longer. The leaves are bright green, linear, soft, and usually produced in short bundles on each side of the spray. They appear very early in the spring. The timber, which is very hard and tough, is much used in shipbuilding and for railway sleepers, and in cabinet work is capable of taking a very high polish. The species most commonly planted is 'L. europaea', whcich grows to about 100 ft in height. Other species are 'L. occidentalis', a tall and handsome American tree and 'L. laricina', the tamarack, or hackmatack, of North America. This is a straggling tree, most common in swampy soils, with smaller cones than has the the European species. It reaches a height of 70 ft., and the wood is valuable for the same purposes as that of other larches. (1. Scale of cone with two seeds; 2. anther)

Larch, Cone and Flowers (male and female)

Larch, or Larix, is a genus of hardy, deciduous, coniferous trees of very graceful habit. They bear…

This illustration shows a lentil plant. Lentils are the round, flat seeds of a small leguminous plant <i>(Vicia (Lens) hirsuta)</i>, of which numerous varieties are cultivated in the countries bordering the Mediterranean and elsewhere. The seeds are highly nitrogenous, and of great food value. They form the principal constituent of the well-known <i>Revalenta arabica</i> of commerce. They consist of -- starch, 50 percent; casein, 24 percent; fat, 2 percent; and water, 14 percent. The dark green German lentils are much more palatable than the reddish-yellow Egyptian variety.

The Lentil Plant

This illustration shows a lentil plant. Lentils are the round, flat seeds of a small leguminous plant…

"And he spake to them many things in parables, saying, Behold, the sower went forth to sow; and as he sowed, some seeds fell by the way side, and the birds came and devoured them: and others fell upon the rocky places, where they had not much earth: and straightway they sprang up, because they had no deepness of earth: and when the sun was risen, they were scorched; and because they had no root, they withered away. And others fell upon the thorns; and the thorns grew up and choked them: and others fell upon the good ground, and yielded fruit, some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty." Matthew 13:3-8 <p> Illustration of a man sowing seed. Around the man are rocky places, birds, thorns, and good soil. There is a bag of seed in the background.

Parable of the Sower

"And he spake to them many things in parables, saying, Behold, the sower went forth to sow; and as he…

"And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness a small round thing, small as the hoar-frost on the ground. And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, What is it? For they knew not what it was. And Moses said unto them, It is the bread which Jehovah hath given you to eat. Exodus 16:14-15 ASV <p>Illustration of Moses standing among the Israelites in the desert as they gather the manna sent by God to feed them. Moses holds a staff and his left hand is raised to the heavens. Pieces of the food can be seen on the ground. Men, women, and children are all gathering the manna. The opening of a tent can be seen on the right and mountains are pictured in the background.

The Israelites Gather Manna Sent by God

"And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness a small round thing,…

"And he spake to them many things in parables, saying, Behold, the sower went forth to sow; and as he sowed, some seeds fell by the way side, and the birds came and devoured them:" Matthew 13:3-4 ASV <p>Illustration of a man sowing seed. He tosses the seed onto rocks. The plowed fields stretch out behind him. A bag of seed is sitting in the field. Birds are eating the seed that fell on the road. More birds approach in the background The man is wearing a short tunic and he is wearing a bag over his shoulder and across his body.

The Parable of the Sower - Birds Eat the Seed by the Wayside

"And he spake to them many things in parables, saying, Behold, the sower went forth to sow; and as he…