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"Life-history of Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha): 1 and 2, developing thallus; 2 shows the cup with gemmae; 3, section across thallus, showing chimney-shaped stoma and green cells under, and mucilage cell on left; 4, male hats; 5, development of antheridia; 6, antheridium nearly ripe; 7, antherozoid; 8, female hat; 9, 10, archegonia before fertilization; 11, 12, 13, fertilized egg dividing; 14, immature sporogonium, containing spores and elaters." -Hazeltine, 1894

Liverwort Life Cycle

"Life-history of Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha): 1 and 2, developing thallus; 2 shows the cup with…

"Fig 56 - Axial skeleton, minus the skull, of an owl, Asio wilsonianus, life size; from nature by Dr. R.W. Shufeldt, USA. at, atlas; ax,axis; cv, cervical vertebrae; c, c', cervical ribs, or free pleurapophyses; dv, dorsal vertebrae, excepting the last one, which joins the sacrum; R, two of the six true ribs (pleurapophyses), whereof sr is sacral; u, one of the five uncinate processes or epipleura; cr, two of the six sternal ribs(haemapophyses), whereof the sixth floats; p, pelvic or sacral region of the spine, comprehending one dorsal, and several lumbar, sacral proper, and urosacral vertebrae; I ilium; Is, ischium; P pubis; a, acetabulum; in, ischio-iliac foremen; o, obturator foramen; clv, caudal or coccygeal vertebrae, whereof py is the pygostyle; s, scapula; ohs, os humero-scapulare; cl, clavicle; C, coracoid; S, sternum." Elliot Coues, 1884

Axial Skeleton

"Fig 56 - Axial skeleton, minus the skull, of an owl, Asio wilsonianus, life size; from nature by Dr.…

Mealworms are the larva form of the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, a species of darkling beetle. Like all holometabolic insects, they go through four life-stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Larvae typically measure about 2.5 cm or more, whereas adults are generally between 1.25 and 1.8 cm in length.

Mealworm Beetle

Mealworms are the larva form of the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, a species of darkling beetle.…

Mealworms are the larva form of the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, a species of darkling beetle. Like all holometabolic insects, they go through four life-stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Larvae typically measure about 2.5 cm or more, whereas adults are generally between 1.25 and 1.8 cm in length.

Mealworm Larva

Mealworms are the larva form of the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, a species of darkling beetle.…

"Fig. 62 Skull of common fowl, enlarged. from nature by Dr. R.W. Shufeldt, U.S.A. The names of bones and some other parts are printed, requiring no explanation; but observe the following points: The distinction of none of the bones composing the brain-case (the upper back expanded part) can be found in a mature skull. The brain is contained between the occipital, sphenoidals, squamosals, parietals and part of frontal; the ethmoidals belong to the same group of cranial bones proper. All other bones, excepting the three otic ear-bones, are bones of the face and jaws. The lower jaw, of five bones, is drawn detached; it articulates by the black surface marked articular with the prominence just above- the quadratic bone. Observe that from this quadrate a series of bones quadrato-jugal, jugal, maxillary-makes a slender rod running to the premaxillary; this is the zygoma, or jugal bar. Observe from the quadrate also another series, composed of pterygoid and palatine bones, to the premaxillary; this is the pterygo-palatine bar; it slides along a median fixed axis of the skull, the rostrum, which bears the loose vomer at its end. The under mandible, quadrate, pterygoid, and vomer are the only movable bones of this skull. But when the quadrate rocks back and forth, as it does by its upper joint, its lower end pulls and pushes upon the upper mandible, by means of the jugal and pterygo-palatine bars, setting the whole scaffolding of the upper jaw in motion. This motion hinges upon the elasticity of the bones of the forehead, at the thin place just where the reference-lines from the words "lacrymal" and "mesethmoid" cross each other. The dark oval space behind the quadrate is the external orifice of the ear; the parts in it to which the three reference-lines go are diagrammatic, not actual representations; thus, the quadrate articulates with a large pro-otic as well as with the squamosal. The great excavation at the middle of the figure, containing the cirlet of the unshaded bones, is the left orbital cavity, orbit, or socket of the eye. The mesethmoid includes most of the background of this cavity, shaded diagonally. The upper one of the two processes of bone extending into it from behind is post-frontal or sphenotic process; the under one (just over the quadrate) is the squamosal process. A bone not shown, the presphenoid, lies just in front of the oval black space over the end of basisphenoid. This black oval is the optic foramen, through which the nerve of sight passes from the brain-cavity to the eye. The black dot a little behind the optic foramen is the orifice of exit of a part of the trifacial nerve. The black mark under the letters "on" of the word "frontal" is the olfactory foramen, where the nerve of smell emerges from the brain-box to go to the nose. The nasal cavity is the black space behind nasal and covered by that bone, and in the oval blank before it. The parts of the beak covered by horn are only premaxillary, nasal, and dentary. The condyle articulates with the first cervical vertebra; just above it, not shown, is the foramen magnum, or great hole through which the spinal medulla, or main nervous cord, passes from the spinal column. The basioccipital is hidden, excepting its condyle; so is much of the basisphenoid. The prolongation forward of the basisphenoid, marked "rostrum," and bearing the vomer at its end, is the parasphenoid, as far as its thickened under border is concerned. Between the fore end of the pterygoid and the basisphenoidal rostrum, is the site of the basipterygoid process, by which the bones concerned articulate by smooth facets; further forward, the palatines ride freely upon the parasphenoidal rostrum. In any passerine bird , the vomer would be thick in front, and forked behind, riding like the palatine upon the rostrum. The palatine seems to run into the maxillary in this view; but it continues on to premaxillary. The maxillo-palatine is an important bone which cannot be seen in the figure because it extends horizontally into the paper from the maxillary about where the reference life "maxillary" goes to that bone. The general line from the condyle to the end of the vomer is the cranial axis, basis cranii, or base of the cranium. This skull is widest across the post-frontal; next most so across the bulge of the jugal bar." Elliot Coues, 1884

Skull of a Common Fowl

"Fig. 62 Skull of common fowl, enlarged. from nature by Dr. R.W. Shufeldt, U.S.A. The names of bones…

"Nephaecetes niger borealis. Northern Black Cloud Swift. Entire plumage sooty-black, with slight greenish gloss, little below than above, the feathers of head and belly with grayish edges. A velvety black area in front of eye; forehead hoary; eye-lids partly naked. Bill black; feet probably dusky-purplish in life." Elliot Coues, 1884

Northern Black Cloud Swift

"Nephaecetes niger borealis. Northern Black Cloud Swift. Entire plumage sooty-black, with slight greenish…

"Geococcyx californianus. Ground Cuckoo. Chaparral Cock. Road Runner. Snake Killer. Paisano. Most of the feathers of the head and neck bristle-tipped; a naked area around eye; crown crested; plumage course. Above, lustrous bronzy or coppery-green, changing to dark steel-blue on the head and neck, to purplish-violet on the middle tail-feathers; everywhere except on rump conspicuously streaked with white, mixed with tawny on the head, neck, and wings - this white and buff streaking consisting of the edges of the feathers, which are frayed out, fringe-like, producing a peculiar effect. Breast, throat and sides of neck mixed tawny-white and black; other under parts dull soiled whitish. Primaries white, tipped and with oblique white space on outer webs. Lateral tail-feathers steel-blue with green violet reflections, their outer webs fringed part way with white, their tips broadly white. Lower back and rump, where covered by the folded wings, dark colored and unmarked; under surface of wings sooty-brown. Bare space around eye bluish and orange. Bill dark horn-color; feet the same, the larger scales yellowish." Elliot Coues, 1884

Ground Cuckoo Head

"Geococcyx californianus. Ground Cuckoo. Chaparral Cock. Road Runner. Snake Killer. Paisano. Most of…

"Geococcyx californianus. Ground Cuckoo. Chaparral Cock. Road Runner. Snake Killer. Paisano. Most of the feathers of the head and neck bristle-tipped; a naked area around eye; crown crested; plumage course. Above, lustrous bronzy or coppery-green, changing to dark steel-blue on the head and neck, to purplish-violet on the middle tail-feathers; everywhere except on rump conspicuously streaked with white, mixed with tawny on the head, neck, and wings - this white and buff streaking consisting of the edges of the feathers, which are frayed out, fringe-like, producing a peculiar effect. Breast, throat and sides of neck mixed tawny-white and black; other under parts dull soiled whitish. Primaries white, tipped and with oblique white space on outer webs. Lateral tail-feathers steel-blue with green violet reflections, their outer webs fringed part way with white, their tips broadly white. Lower back and rump, where covered by the folded wings, dark colored and unmarked; under surface of wings sooty-brown. Bare space around eye bluish and orange. Bill dark horn-color; feet the same, the larger scales yellowish." Elliot Coues, 1884

Ground Cuckoo

"Geococcyx californianus. Ground Cuckoo. Chaparral Cock. Road Runner. Snake Killer. Paisano. Most of…

Otto of the Silver Hand is a novel that was written and illustrated by Howard Pyle. The novel is about the dark ages and centers around the life of Otto, the son of a German warlord.

Otto of the Silver Hand

Otto of the Silver Hand is a novel that was written and illustrated by Howard Pyle. The novel is about…

Otto of the Silver Hand is a novel that was written and illustrated by Howard Pyle. The novel is about the dark ages and centers around the life of Otto, the son of a German warlord.

Otto of the Silver Hand

Otto of the Silver Hand is a novel that was written and illustrated by Howard Pyle. The novel is about…

"Stilt. Long-shanks. Lawyer. Adult. Mantle, constituted by the interscapulars, scapulars, and wings (above and below) glossy-black, prolonged up the back of the neck and on to[ and sides of head, embracing the eyes. A spot over and behind eye, one on under eyelid, forehead to opposite eyes, sides of head below eyes, sides of neck and entire under parts, together with the lower back, rump, and, upper tail-coverts, white; tail pearl-gray. In life the long black wings fold entirely over the white upper parts and tail, so that the bird looks entirely black above. Bill black; eyes and legs carmine, latter drying yellowish." Elliot Coues, 1884

Black-necked Stilt

"Stilt. Long-shanks. Lawyer. Adult. Mantle, constituted by the interscapulars, scapulars, and wings…

"Fulmarus. Fulmar. Adult: White; mantle pale pearly-blue, restricted to back and wings, or extending on head and tail; usually a dark spot in front of eye; quills dark ashy-brown. Bill yellow, tinged with sea-green on culmen and lower mandible, the opening of the nostrils black; feet drying dingy yellowish, said to be delicate French gray in life; iris brown." Elliot Coues, 1884

Fulmar and Nest

"Fulmarus. Fulmar. Adult: White; mantle pale pearly-blue, restricted to back and wings, or extending…

"Phoibetria fuliginosa. Sooty Albatross. Plumage ordinarily uniform sooty-brown; quills and tail blackish with white shafts; eyelids white; bill black, with long yellow (perhaps in life pink or red) groove; feet pale or flesh-color, drying yellow. In some cases the plumage lightens to a clearer more ashy-gray coloration on various prats. The head and neck frequently washed with rusty-yellow. Pacific ocean at large; off coast of N. Am." Elliot Coues, 1884

Sooty Albatross

"Phoibetria fuliginosa. Sooty Albatross. Plumage ordinarily uniform sooty-brown; quills and tail blackish…

"Puffinus fuliginosus. Sooty Shearwater. Nearly uniform dark sooty-brown, blackening on quills and tail-feathers, more sooty-gray below, paler still on the throat; lining of wings mixed sooty and whitish. Bill drying an undefinable dark color, in life dusky bluish-horn color, the tube, ridge, and hook blackish; feet drying dark outside, pale inside; in life the inside of tarsus and upper side of feet livid flesh-color, the outside of outer toe and under side of feet blackish; eye blackish." Elliot Coues, 1884

Sooty Shearwater

"Puffinus fuliginosus. Sooty Shearwater. Nearly uniform dark sooty-brown, blackening on quills and tail-feathers,…

The Ideal Pastoral Life is an engraving on a wood block that was created by Edward Calvert, an English printmaker during the 19th century. It shows a lady tending to her flock.

Ideal Pastoral Life

The Ideal Pastoral Life is an engraving on a wood block that was created by Edward Calvert, an English…

Otto of the Silver Hand is a novel that was written and illustrated by Howard Pyle. The novel is about the dark ages and centers around the life of Otto, the son of a German warlord.

Otto of the Silver Hand

Otto of the Silver Hand is a novel that was written and illustrated by Howard Pyle. The novel is about…

"Lomvia arra. Thick-billed Guillemot. Arrie. Bill short, stout, wide, deep; culmen curved throughout; commissure decurved at end; gonys if anything concave in outline, the angle very protuberant; cutting edges of the upper mandible dilated and denuded toward the base, this bare turgid space flesh-colored in life, drying pale yellowish." Elliot Coues, 1884

Thick-billed Guillemot Bill

"Lomvia arra. Thick-billed Guillemot. Arrie. Bill short, stout, wide, deep; culmen curved throughout;…

George Washington, born in Virginia, February 22nd, 1732 was the eldest of five children. He was inquisitive, docile and diligent with a talent for leadership. His first surveying job established his reputation in that field. At nineteen, he was appointed military inspector with the rank of major. He continued for many years of service in his military career finally retiring to private life in 1758. On January 6th, 1759, he married Mrs. Martha Custis, a widow. With the revolution approaching he was commissioned to take command of the army. He leadership skills were to carry him though the years of difficulty ahead. The succesful siege of Yorktown was a victory that put a finish to the war. On the 25th of November, 1783, a peace treaty with Britain was ratified. Once again he retired to private life, spending the next several years devoted to his family and farm. In 1787 he was chosen as president of the convention to revise the federal system held at Philadelphia. With the new constitution about to go into operation, Washington was unanimously chosen as the first president of the United States.

George Washington

George Washington, born in Virginia, February 22nd, 1732 was the eldest of five children. He was inquisitive,…

This metal frame is used to enhance a work of art aesthetically, as well as to protect it from dirt, dust and handling. This metal frame maintains a controlled setting to extend the life of the artwork it holds.

Metal Artwork Frame

This metal frame is used to enhance a work of art aesthetically, as well as to protect it from dirt,…

A skating category that lies somewhere between aggressive and recreational skating, free skating, also known as urban skating or free riding, includes many tricks such as jumps, slides, and grinds. The emphasis of free skating is getting from A to B by the fastest possible route, by skating quickly through city streets and negotiating all obstacles. The boots on skates suitable for free skating tend to be more rigid for better leg support, like the aggressive skate, whilst the wheels tend to be rather big, like those found on recreational skates, and the frames short, like those found on hockey skates.

Two Wheeled Cycle Skate

A skating category that lies somewhere between aggressive and recreational skating, free skating, also…

A buoy is a floating device that can have many different purposes. It can be anchored or allowed to drift.

Bell Buoy

A buoy is a floating device that can have many different purposes. It can be anchored or allowed to…

A bicycle saddle is often called a seat, which has one of three contact points on an upright bicycle, the others being on the pedals and the handle bars. The bicycle saddle has been known as such since he bicycle evolved from a draisine.

Bicycle Saddle

A bicycle saddle is often called a seat, which has one of three contact points on an upright bicycle,…

Velocipedes are an umbrella term for any human-powered land vehicle with one or more wheels. The most common type of velocipede today is the bicycle. The term velocipede is today, however, mainly used as a collective term for the different forerunners of the monowheel, the bicycle, the dicycle, the tricycle and the quadcycle that were developed between 1817 and 1880.

Ice Velocipede

Velocipedes are an umbrella term for any human-powered land vehicle with one or more wheels. The most…

Among the early velocipedes there were designs with one, two, three and four wheels. Some two-wheeled designs had pedals mounted on the front wheel, while three- and four-wheeled designs sometimes used treadles and levers to drive the rear wheels.

Marine Velocipede

Among the early velocipedes there were designs with one, two, three and four wheels. Some two-wheeled…

A lantern is a portable lighting device used to illuminate broad areas. Lanterns may be used for signaling, or as general light sources for camping also to guide your path somewhere. In the older days it would have been used like a torch. Dim varieties are often used for decoration.

Cycle Lamp

A lantern is a portable lighting device used to illuminate broad areas. Lanterns may be used for signaling,…

A life buoy, is a life saving buoy designed to be thrown to a person in the water, to provide buoyancy, to prevent drowning.

Life Buoy

A life buoy, is a life saving buoy designed to be thrown to a person in the water, to provide buoyancy,…

A skirt guard or coat guard is a device fitted over the rear wheel of a bicycle to prevent a long skirt, coat or other trailing clothes or luggage catching in the wheel, or in the gap between the rim and the brakes.

Bicycle Riding Skirt

A skirt guard or coat guard is a device fitted over the rear wheel of a bicycle to prevent a long skirt,…

A bicycle, also known as a bike, push bike or cycle, is a pedal-driven, human-powered, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist or a bicyclist.

Multi Purpose Bicycle

A bicycle, also known as a bike, push bike or cycle, is a pedal-driven, human-powered, single-track…

The lower jaw and teeth of the Megatherium, elephant sized sloth. The teeth are quandrangular, or triangular cylinder, shaped and grew during their life time.

Lower Jaw of Megatherium Fossil Skeleton

The lower jaw and teeth of the Megatherium, elephant sized sloth. The teeth are quandrangular, or triangular…

This is a motorcycle, or a two wheeled motor vehicle. Motorcycles are the most affordable form of motorised transport.

Seat and Carrier for Motorcycles

This is a motorcycle, or a two wheeled motor vehicle. Motorcycles are the most affordable form of motorised…

An illustration of a compression machine. As piston A is pushes ammonia gas through the condenser B and vaporizer C. The condenser cools the ammonia to liquid in the coil with running water. The cooled ammonia travels through the valve D to be heated in vaporizer C.

Ammonia Cycle Compression Machine with Vaporizer and Condenser

An illustration of a compression machine. As piston A is pushes ammonia gas through the condenser B…

An absorption machine with ammonia and water mixing. The generator B heats the ammonia and water mixture with a furnace into the condenser. The mixture, traveling in coils, is cooled with running water into the refrigerator I. The cooled vapor is absorbed into cold water in absorber tank A.

Ammonia and Water Cycle Absorption Machine with Condenser and Tank

An absorption machine with ammonia and water mixing. The generator B heats the ammonia and water mixture…

"After thorough drying, the air to be liquefied enters through the pipe a, and in the compresor C is compressed to about 200 atmospheres. R is a water cooler, to remove the heat of compression. The air thus cooled and strongly compressed passes down through the inner tube of the helical coil H to a valve below." —Derr, 1911

Air Liquefaction Machine

"After thorough drying, the air to be liquefied enters through the pipe a, and in the compresor C is…

An illustration of Newcomen atmospheric steam engine. The boiler heats the water to build up steam in the piston. While the steam lever closes, the water is let in, and the piston compresses the steam to generate energy. The compressed steam turns to liquid, and opens the steam valve.

Newcomen Atmospheric Steam Engine

An illustration of Newcomen atmospheric steam engine. The boiler heats the water to build up steam in…

The illustration showing Watt's final steam engine design. The engine is fitted with series of rods to guide the in a straight line. James Watt and William Murdoch invented the throttle valve, centrifugal valve, regulator, and slide valve to improve on the steam engine.

Watt's Final Steam Engine Design

The illustration showing Watt's final steam engine design. The engine is fitted with series of rods…

A life-size full or partial representation of the human body, used for the fitting or displaying of clothes; a dummy.

Dress Form

A life-size full or partial representation of the human body, used for the fitting or displaying of…

A strong, taut sheet, usually of canvas, attached with springs to a metal frame and used for gymnastic springing and tumbling.

Life Saving Net

A strong, taut sheet, usually of canvas, attached with springs to a metal frame and used for gymnastic…

An illustration of the valve with lap at the end of the crank end steam compression. The piston will restart the compression cycle of at the head of the piston. As the piston moves, the sliding valve in the top compartment will fill with steam and closes.

Steam Engine Valve with Lap Steam Where Slide Valve is in Open Position

An illustration of the valve with lap at the end of the crank end steam compression. The piston will…

A raft which is inflatable used in emergencies, as when a ship must be abandoned or when a plane is downed at sea.

Aquatic Lifesaver

A raft which is inflatable used in emergencies, as when a ship must be abandoned or when a plane is…

This plant is usually bright red and commonly seen in western parts of North America.

Snow Plant

This plant is usually bright red and commonly seen in western parts of North America.

This perennial herb mainly survives in the cold climate of the arctic.

Garden Saxifragas

This perennial herb mainly survives in the cold climate of the arctic.

This perennial belongs to scillia; widely seen in Mediterranean regions.

Scilla Peruviana

This perennial belongs to scillia; widely seen in Mediterranean regions.

This plant belongs to the scillia showing leaves that are usually pink and blue.

Bifolia Scilla

This plant belongs to the scillia showing leaves that are usually pink and blue.

A bulb like perennial commonly seen in Siberia.

Scilla Siberica

A bulb like perennial commonly seen in Siberia.

A species of orchids that are native to south America.

Scuticaria Steelei

A species of orchids that are native to south America.

This plant is edible; belonging to the cucurbitaceae.

Sechium Edule

This plant is edible; belonging to the cucurbitaceae.

Plant which belongs to the sedum family.

Plant of Sedum

Plant which belongs to the sedum family.

This perennial belongs to the sedoldeae.

Pilosum Sedum

This perennial belongs to the sedoldeae.

This perennial is of the sempervivum family; featuring furry central rosettes.

Sempervivum Arachnoideum

This perennial is of the sempervivum family; featuring furry central rosettes.

This perennial plant belongs to the sempervivum; commonly used as an ornamental plant.

Sempervivum Tectorum

This perennial plant belongs to the sempervivum; commonly used as an ornamental plant.

This flowering plant belongs to the ruscaceae, which are common in North America.

Smilacina Racemosa

This flowering plant belongs to the ruscaceae, which are common in North America.

A member of the primulaceae which is a native plant to Pyrenees.

Soldanella Alpina

A member of the primulaceae which is a native plant to Pyrenees.

A column depicting the Egyptian god Osiris. Osiris is usually affiliated with the Afterlife, the underworld and the dead.

Column of Osiris

A column depicting the Egyptian god Osiris. Osiris is usually affiliated with the Afterlife, the underworld…

A column depicting carvings and images of life in Thebes.

Column from Thebes

A column depicting carvings and images of life in Thebes.

The animal life of Assyria was extremely varied. This image depicts a mule from this area.

Assyrian Mule

The animal life of Assyria was extremely varied. This image depicts a mule from this area.

"The next evolution is presented in Euripides. He is less ideal than his predeccesor, but truer to nature. His drama is more of a reality. He takes his stand in the midst of human life as it is. His language is the language of the people. The heroes of his plays are more possible than those of Sophocles. They are redeemed with weaknesses, touched with folly, stained with tears. He has more variety in his action, greater freedom, more surprises and vicissitudes."—Ridpath, 1885

Euripides

"The next evolution is presented in Euripides. He is less ideal than his predeccesor, but truer to nature.…

"It was during Hadrian's sojourn in this country that his favorite, the beautiful Birthynian named Antinous, cast himself for his master's sake into the Nile, and was drowned. t appears that the oracle at Besa had informed the Emperor that impending calamity could be averted only by the self-sacrifice of the one whom he most loved. Antinous believed himself to be designated as the offering, and accordingly gave his life to the river."—Ridpath, 1885

Antinous

"It was during Hadrian's sojourn in this country that his favorite, the beautiful Birthynian named Antinous,…

Also known as crioceris asparagi. A-Beetle; B-Egg; C-Newly hatched larva; D-Full-grown larva; E-Pupa

The Life Cycle of the Asparagus Beetle

Also known as crioceris asparagi. A-Beetle; B-Egg; C-Newly hatched larva; D-Full-grown larva; E-Pupa

"The mature beetle in life rivals asparagi in beauty, but may be distinguished by its much broader elytra and its color. The ground color is orange red; each elytron is marked with six black dots, and the knees and a portion of the under surface of the thorax are also marked with black. The beetle, as it occurs on the plant when in fruit, very closely resembles at a little distance the ripening asparagus berry."—Government Printing Office, 1897

Crioceris 12-Punctata

"The mature beetle in life rivals asparagi in beauty, but may be distinguished by its much broader elytra…

Also known as Raphanus sativus. An edible root vegetable whose seeds can also be used for oil production. They have a fast harvest cycle, and are in season between April and June and from October to January.

China Rose Radish

Also known as Raphanus sativus. An edible root vegetable whose seeds can also be used for oil production.…