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<em>Senecio vulgaris</em>, a member of the genus senecio.

Senecio

Senecio vulgaris, a member of the genus senecio.

Flower of senecio vulgaris.

Senecio vulgaris flower

Flower of senecio vulgaris.

Flower head of senecio vulgaris.

Flower head

Flower head of senecio vulgaris.

Petal of a shepherd's purse.

Petal of Shepherd's Purse

Petal of a shepherd's purse.

"The common sorrel is a meadow plant, slender in habit, with halberd-shaped, juicy, acid flavored leaves, and bearing whorled spikes of greenish-red flowers in summer."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Sorrel

"The common sorrel is a meadow plant, slender in habit, with halberd-shaped, juicy, acid flavored leaves,…

A female sorrel flower spike.

Sorrel flower

A female sorrel flower spike.

A female sorrel flower.

Female sorrel flower

A female sorrel flower.

A male sorrel flower.

Male sorrel flower

A male sorrel flower.

"The common spindle tree (<em>Euonymus europaeus</em>) is a European shrub, which bears glossy lanceolate leaves, and in late spring clusters of small greenish flowers, followed by fruits which become beautifully rose colored."—Finley, 1917

Spindle Tree

"The common spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus) is a European shrub, which bears glossy lanceolate…

Flower of the spindle tree.

Spindle Tree Flower

Flower of the spindle tree.

A single flower of stachys sylvatica.

Flower of stachys sylvatica

A single flower of stachys sylvatica.

"Star of Bethlehem, or Ornithogalum, a genus of bulbous plants belonging to the order Liliacae."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Star of Bethlehem

"Star of Bethlehem, or Ornithogalum, a genus of bulbous plants belonging to the order Liliacae."—Finley,…

Flower of the sea lavender.

Flower of the sea lavender

Flower of the sea lavender.

Section of a flower from a sea lavender.

Section of sea lavender flower

Section of a flower from a sea lavender.

"A former genus of herbaceous plants belonging to the order Caryophylacae, and now included in the genus Alsine."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Greater stitchwort

"A former genus of herbaceous plants belonging to the order Caryophylacae, and now included in the genus…

Diagram showing the position of the thoracic and abdominal organs. labels: 1, lower border of right lung; 2, the same of the left lung; 3, liver, right lobe; 4, liver, left lobe; 5, suspensory ligament of the liver; 6, fundus of gall-bladder; 7, cardia of stomach; 8, fundus of stomach; 9, lower border of stomach; 10, position of pylorus; 11, caecum; 12, vermiform appendix; 13, ascending colon; 14, right flexure of colon; 15, transverse colon, concealed by, 19, convolutions of the small intestine; 20, termination of ileum, ascending from right to left; 21, bladder, distended, partly covered by peritoneum; 22, the part of the bladder which is not covered by peritoneum.

Section Across the Forearm

Diagram showing the position of the thoracic and abdominal organs. labels: 1, lower border of right…

"About two feet away from an air thermometer, place an inverted flower pot. Midway between the two, place a board or glass screen that reaches from the table to a height of several inches above teh bulb of the air theremometer. Upon the flower pot, place a very hot brick. Notice that the heat of the brick has little effect upon the thermometer. Then hold a sheet of tin plate over the screen so that energy radianted obliquely upward from the brick may be reflected obliquely downward toward the thermometer. By properly adjusting the position of the reflector, the thermometer may be quickly affected." -Avery 1895

Heat Reflection

"About two feet away from an air thermometer, place an inverted flower pot. Midway between the two,…

Section through the right kidney from its outer to inner border. Labels: 1, cortex; 2, medulla; 2', pyramid of Malpighi; 2'', pyramid of Ferrein; 5, small branches of the renal artery entering between the pyramids; A, a branch of the renal artery; C, the pelvis of the kidney; U, ureter; C, a calyx.

Kidney Section

Section through the right kidney from its outer to inner border. Labels: 1, cortex; 2, medulla; 2',…

Venter of scapula. Labels: 1, 1, 1, oblique ridges; 2, 2, fossa for subscapularis muscle; 3, superior border; 4, superior angle; 5, suprascapular notch; 6, coracoid process; 7, acromion process; 8, spine of scapula; 9, articular surface; 10, glenoid cavity; 11, head of scapula; 12, neck; 13, interior border; 14, inferior angle; 15, posterior border; 16, origin of spine.

Scapula

Venter of scapula. Labels: 1, 1, 1, oblique ridges; 2, 2, fossa for subscapularis muscle; 3, superior…

A diagram of nerve tubules A nerve tube consists of a white portion which is fatty, and which protects the central portion, or axis cylinder. Surrounding these is a tubular membrane composed of epithelial cells. The nerve of the body are made up of bundles of these tubes, bound together by connective tissue and enclosed in a sheath of the same. Labels: a, axis cylinder; b, inner border of white substance; c, c, outer border of same; d, ,d, tubular membrane; B, tubular fibers; e, in natural state; f, under pressure; g, g', varicose fibers.

Nerve Tubules

A diagram of nerve tubules A nerve tube consists of a white portion which is fatty, and which protects…

Twenty Shillings Bill (20 shillings) Delaware currency from 1746. Type with engraved border and royal arms printed by Benjamin Franklin.

Paper Money, Twenty Shillings Bill, 1746

Twenty Shillings Bill (20 shillings) Delaware currency from 1746. Type with engraved border and royal…

Illustration of 4 congruent rectangular prisms placed in the shape of a square. They are arranged to look like they are 3-dimensional rectangular solids coming out of the page.

4 Congruent Rectangular Prisms

Illustration of 4 congruent rectangular prisms placed in the shape of a square. They are arranged to…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharp-toothed. Outline - long oval to reverse egg-shape. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - pointed or rounded. Leaf/Stem - one fourth to one half inch long, smooth, reddish, usually with two small wart-like glands on the raised border near the base of the leaf. Leaf - two to three inches long; smooth when mature; "net-veined," with distinct furrows over the ribs; somewhat downy on the ribs and in their angles. Bark - of trunk very dark reddish-green or bronze-green, resembling that of a cherry-tree. Fruit - one half to two thirds inch in diameter; broad oval; yellow, orange, or red; with a thick and acid skin and a pleasant flavor. August. Stone - slightly flattened, and with both edges winged and sharp. Found - from Canada southward to Florida and westward, and often in cultivation. General Information - A small tree (sometimes a bush), eight to twenty feet high, with hard, reddish wood. In cultivation it forms an excellent stock on which to graft the domestic plums.

Genus Prunus L. (Cherry, Plum)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharp-toothed. Outline - long oval to reverse egg-shape. Apex - taper-pointed.…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge very sharply and finely toothed. Outline - long oval, long egg-shape, or reverse egg-shape. Apex - sometimes bristle-pointed. Base - slightly heart-shaped or rounded. Leaf - usually two to three inches long, somewhat downy when young, afterward very smooth above and below. Bark - of branches and twigs usually purplish-brown and very smooth. Flowers - large, white, in long and loose clusters at the ends of the branchlets; appearing before the leaves. April, May. Fruit - berry-like, round, purplish, sweet, and edible. June. Found - in woods and along streams; common at the North; rare in the South. General Information - A small tree, ten to thirty feet high, or in some of its numerous forms reduced to a low shrub; noticeable and showy in early spring because of its flowers. The variety A. C. oblongifolia, T. and G., differs somewhat from the above in the dimensions of the flowers and flower clusters, etc. The name "shad-bush" is given because the trees blossom about the time that the shad "run".

Genus Amelanchier, Medik (June-berry)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge very sharply and finely toothed. Outline - long oval, long egg-shape,…

Leaves - simple; alternate; finely and sharply toothed. Outline - long and narrow. Apex - long, taper-pointed. Base - pointed or slightly rounded. Leaf/Stem - short and woolly. Leaf - one and a half to four inches long; commonest length about two inches; downy when young, becoming smooth excepting on the upper side of the mid-rib, which is usually woolly. Bark - of trunk, dark and rough; branches very brittle at the base and yellowish; twigs tough and purplish or yellow. Found - in Southern New Brunswick and Ontario, and from Northern Vermont southward. Common on low ground, especially in New York and Pennsylvania. General Information - A small tree, fifteen to twenty feet high; quite variable in the style of its foliage; the latest to flower, in May.

Genus Salix, L. (Willow)

Leaves - simple; alternate; finely and sharply toothed. Outline - long and narrow. Apex - long, taper-pointed.…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge quite deeply wavy-toothed. Outline - reverse egg-shape or oval. Apex - blunt-pointed. Base - pointed. Leaf - five to eight inches long; smooth, and rather bright green above; whitish-downy beneath, becoming almost silvery-white; often with a rather deep hollow just below the middle, and usually abruptly spreading above; the teeth unequal, longest toward the middle of the leaf, sometimes almost long enough to be called lobes; mostly rounded at the apex, but sometimes ending in a hard point; the main ribs prominent and rust-colored. Bark - of trunk, grayish-white, dividing into large, flat scales. Acorns - usually in pairs on a stem one and a quarter to three inches long. Cup - rounded, rather thin, rough, with sharp scales; the upper scales bristle-tipped, forming a border, or sometimes a fringe, along the edge; slightly downy within. Nut - one inch or less in length, egg-shape; sweet. October. Found - from Southern Maine and the Upper St. Lawrence to Southeastern Iowa and Western Missouri, south to Delaware and along the Alleghany Mountains to Northern Georgia; along borders of streams and in swamps, in deep, rich soil. Its finest growth is in the region of the Great Lakes. General Information - A tree thirty to sixty feet high or more, with wood similar in value to that of the White Oak. Quercus, possible from a Celtic word meaning to inquire, because it was among the oaks that the Druids oftenest practised their rites.

Genus Quercus, L. (Oak)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge quite deeply wavy-toothed. Outline - reverse egg-shape or oval. Apex…

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - egg-shape, or often broad oval, or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed, often taper-pointed. Base - pointed and usually slightly unequal. Leaf/Stem - short (about one half inch). Leaf - three to five inches long; smooth above; pale and nearly smooth beneath; with the whitish ribs very distinct and curved. Bark - of trunk, blackish and rough, with short, broken ridges. The bark, especially of the roots, is very bitter and is used as a tonic. Flowers - The real flowers are greenish-yellow, in a small rounded bunch; but this bunch is surrounded by four large, petal-like leaves, white and often tinged with pink, more than an inch in length, reverse egg-shaped, and ending in a hard, abruptly turned point. The appearance is of a single large flower. The tree blossoms in May before the leaves are fully set. Fruit - The "Flower" is succeeded by a bunch of oval berries that turn bright red as they ripen, making the tree in the autumn, with its richly changing foliage, nearly as attractive as in the spring. Found - in rich woods, from New England to Minnesota, and southward to Florida and Texas. It is very common, especially at the South. General Information - A finely shaped, rather flat-branching tree, usually twelve to thirty feet high, but dwindling, northward, to the dimensions of a shrub; one of the most ornamental of all our native flowering trees. Its character throughout the extent of its range would seem to warrant the recognition of its blossom as the "national flower." Cornus, from a Greek word meaning horn, because of the hardness of the wood.

Flowering Dogwood

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - egg-shape, or often broad oval, or reverse egg-shape.…

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge closely and sharply toothed. Outline - egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - round. Quite variable. Leaf/Stem - winged on both sides with a wavy border; when young, sprinkled with brownish glands. Leaf - about three to four inches long, and half as wide or more; smooth. Flowers - white, in flat, stemless clusters. May, June. Fruit - one half inch long; oval; sweetish; red, becoming almost black when ripe; edible. Found - from Hudson's Bay through the Northern States, southward to Georgia. Common in swamps and rich, moist soil. General Information - A tree fifteen to twenty feet high, with hard, ill-smelling wood.

Genus Viburnum, L. (Haw and Viburnum)

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge closely and sharply toothed. Outline - egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base…

Section through the right kidney from its outer to its inner border. Labels: 1, cortex; 2, medulla; 2' , pyramid of Malpighi; 2", pyramid of Ferrein; 5, small branches of the renal artery entering between the pyramids; A, a branch of the renal artery; D, the pelvis of the kidney; U, ureter; C, a calyx.

Section of the Right Kidney

Section through the right kidney from its outer to its inner border. Labels: 1, cortex; 2, medulla;…

Celtic border with knots

Celtic Border

Celtic border with knots

A blue flag iris.

Iris

A blue flag iris.

A bulbous plant with a fragrant flower.

Jonquils

A bulbous plant with a fragrant flower.

The parts of the opium poppy from which the drug is made from the poppy's juice. "a, whole plant; b, flower and leaf; c, ripe capsule; d, seed and its section, enlarged." -Foster, 1921

Opium poppy

The parts of the opium poppy from which the drug is made from the poppy's juice. "a, whole plant; b,…

A flowering plant belonging to a family of weeds.

Greater Plantain

A flowering plant belonging to a family of weeds.

Scapula. Labels: a, superior angle; d, the glenoid cavity, or socket for the round head of the arm bone; m, the aeromion process; n, the caracoid process, which serve to protect the joint; f, the base; g, the costa, or inferior border, and h, the superior border of the triangle; l, the spine; o, the semilunar notch, for the passage of an artery, vein, and nerve.

Scapula

Scapula. Labels: a, superior angle; d, the glenoid cavity, or socket for the round head of the arm bone;…

Decorative frame or border with graduates and educational items.

Graduate Border

Decorative frame or border with graduates and educational items.

Daffodils with women's faces.

Daffodil Face

Daffodils with women's faces.

Border of four boys eating pie.

Boy Frame

Border of four boys eating pie.

Border of a cartoon man and woman at the dinner table.

Cartoon Couple Frame

Border of a cartoon man and woman at the dinner table.

A decorative border with the King of France and al of his men.

King and Men

A decorative border with the King of France and al of his men.

A decorative border with a sleeping farmer while the cow stands on the pump and the sheep play cribbage.

Farm Border

A decorative border with a sleeping farmer while the cow stands on the pump and the sheep play cribbage.

A decorative border with a chicken on a farm.

Chicken Border

A decorative border with a chicken on a farm.

A decorative border with a frog in a swamp.

Frog Border

A decorative border with a frog in a swamp.

A decorative border with a donkey being pulled, and then in the barn eating hay.

Donkey Border

A decorative border with a donkey being pulled, and then in the barn eating hay.

A decorative border of vines and apples.

Apple Border

A decorative border of vines and apples.

A queen thinking of a wish while a knight holds her birthday cake.

Queen's Birthday

A queen thinking of a wish while a knight holds her birthday cake.

Little fairies and a fairy princess in flowers.

Fairies

Little fairies and a fairy princess in flowers.

"Enlarged section of a Bartlett pear flower: st, style; sp, sepal; f, filament; a, anther; s, stigma; p, petal; d, disk; ov, ovule." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Bartlett Pear Flower

"Enlarged section of a Bartlett pear flower: st, style; sp, sepal; f, filament; a, anther; s, stigma;…

"Bud of the Bartlett pear, with petals removed, showing the incurved stamens." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Bartlett Pear Bud

"Bud of the Bartlett pear, with petals removed, showing the incurved stamens." -Department of Agriculture,…

The flower of the Bartlett pear.

Bartlett Pear Flower

The flower of the Bartlett pear.

"Emasculated bud of the Bartlett pear, showing only the five pistils." Department of Agriculture, 1899

Bartlett Pear Bud

"Emasculated bud of the Bartlett pear, showing only the five pistils." Department of Agriculture, 1899

A section of the apple blossom.

Apple Blossom

A section of the apple blossom.

The leaves of the common rose geranium, Pelargonium capitatum.

Rose Germanium

The leaves of the common rose geranium, Pelargonium capitatum.

The leaves of the skeleton-leaved geranium, Pelargonium radula.

Skeleton-Leaved Germanium

The leaves of the skeleton-leaved geranium, Pelargonium radula.

"Wild plant of the true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia): a, b, calyxes of flowers, the chief source of the oil." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Lavender

"Wild plant of the true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia): a, b, calyxes of flowers, the chief source…

"Redfield's grass (Redfieldia flexuosa): a, spikelet; b, floret; c, flower." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Redfield's Grass

"Redfield's grass (Redfieldia flexuosa): a, spikelet; b, floret; c, flower." -Department of Agriculture,…

"Shad scale (Atriplex canescens): a, fruit; b, flower." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Shad Scale

"Shad scale (Atriplex canescens): a, fruit; b, flower." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

In onion cells: "C, a cell from the epidermis of the mid-rib of Tradescantia zebrina, in its natural condition on the right, and plasmolyzed by salt solution on the left; g, space left by the recedence of the cytoplasm from the wall; the plasma membrane can now be seen as a delicate membrane bounding the shrunken protoplast." -Stevens, 1916

T. Zebrina Cell

In onion cells: "C, a cell from the epidermis of the mid-rib of Tradescantia zebrina, in its natural…

"Stages in the development of the elements of the xylem. A, progressive steps in the development of a tracheal tube. 1, row of procambial or cambial cells that are to take part in the formation of a tube; 2, the same at a later stage enlarged in all dimensions; 3, the cells in 2 have grown larger, their cross-walls have been dissolved out, and the wall has become thickened and pitted; 4, the walls in 3 have become more thickened, the pits have an overhanging border, the walls have become lignified as indicated by the stippling, and finally the protoplasts have disappeared, and the tube is mature and dead." -Stevens, 1916

Xylem Development 1

"Stages in the development of the elements of the xylem. A, progressive steps in the development of…

"Different stages in the development of a bordered pit. b, The original, thin, primary wall; a, the overhanging border formed as the wall thickened. B, Thickening of the wall has continued and extended the border; the primary wall has thickened at c, forming the torus. C, the border and the torus are finished." -Stevens, 1916

Pit Development

"Different stages in the development of a bordered pit. b, The original, thin, primary wall; a, the…