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Illustration used to show how to draw a straight line parallel to a straight line through a given point.

Parallel To Straight Line Construction

Illustration used to show how to draw a straight line parallel to a straight line through a given point.

Illustration used to show how to divide a given straight line into required number of equal parts.

Construction Of Dividing A Line

Illustration used to show how to divide a given straight line into required number of equal parts.

Illustration used to show how to divide a given straight line into required number of equal parts.

Construction Of Dividing A Line

Illustration used to show how to divide a given straight line into required number of equal parts.

Illustration used to show how to "draw a straight line through any given point on a given straight line to make any required angle with that line."

Construction Of Angle On Straight Line

Illustration used to show how to "draw a straight line through any given point on a given straight line…

Illustration used to show how to pass a circumference through any three points not in the same straight line.

Construction Of Circumference

Illustration used to show how to pass a circumference through any three points not in the same straight…

Illustration used to show how to "find an arc of a circle having a known radius, which shall be equal in length to a given straight line."

Construction Of Arc

Illustration used to show how to "find an arc of a circle having a known radius, which shall be equal…

Illustration used to show how to find a straight line of the same length as a given arc of a circle.

Construction Of Line Equal To Arc

Illustration used to show how to find a straight line of the same length as a given arc of a circle.

Illustration of straight line AB projected upon HK.

Projection Of A Line

Illustration of straight line AB projected upon HK.

Illustration of curved line AB projected upon a flat surface.

Projection Of A Line

Illustration of curved line AB projected upon a flat surface.

Illustration of a circle inside of 2 concentric rectangles whose vertices are connected by line segments.

Circle Inside Concentric Rectangles

Illustration of a circle inside of 2 concentric rectangles whose vertices are connected by line segments.

"If a straight line is perpendicular to each of two straight lines at their point of intersection it is perpendicular to the plane of those lines."

Line Perpendicular To Plane

"If a straight line is perpendicular to each of two straight lines at their point of intersection it…

"All the perpendiculars to a straight line at the same point lie in a plane perpendicular to the line."

Plane Perpendicular To Line

"All the perpendiculars to a straight line at the same point lie in a plane perpendicular to the line."

"If from the foot of a perpendicular to a plane a straight line is drawn at right angles to any line in the lane, and its intersection with that line is joined to any point of the perpendicular, this last line will be perpendicular to the line in the plane."

Perpendicular To Line In Plane

"If from the foot of a perpendicular to a plane a straight line is drawn at right angles to any line…

"Two planes perpendicular to the same straight line are parallel."

Planes Perpendicular To A Line

"Two planes perpendicular to the same straight line are parallel."

Illustration of three intersecting planes. "The straight line perpendicular to one of two parallel lanes is perpendicular to the other."

3 Intersecting Planes

Illustration of three intersecting planes. "The straight line perpendicular to one of two parallel lanes…

"If two straight lines are cut by three parallel planes, the corresponding segments are proportional."

3 Parallel Planes

"If two straight lines are cut by three parallel planes, the corresponding segments are proportional."

"If two planes are perpendicular to each other, a line in one of them perpendicular to the intersection is perpendicular to the other."

Perpendicular Planes

"If two planes are perpendicular to each other, a line in one of them perpendicular to the intersection…

"Through a given line oblique to a plane, one, and only one plane, can be passed perpendicular to the given plane."

Plane Passed Perpendicular To A Given Plane

"Through a given line oblique to a plane, one, and only one plane, can be passed perpendicular to the…

One way to spread water over a hillside field, "f m is the main ditch and the slope of the hill as shown by the arrows; t o, r p, and s q are small ditches or plow furrows cut on a level line around the face of the hill. The water is let into the field by the short ditch at i, and is then spread over the space b c t o by means of a marginal ditch y z, from which it is made to flow in small streams and in a regular manner over the space between it and the lower ditch t o." -Department of Agriculture

Irrigation by Furrows

One way to spread water over a hillside field, "f m is the main ditch and the slope of the hill as shown…

"Human Eye, in Median Vertical Anteroposterior Section. (Ciliary processes shown, through not all lying in this section.) A, anterior, and A', posterior chambers of aqueous humor; a, central artery of retina; C, cornea; Ch, choroid; cj, conjunctiva; cm, ciliary muscle; cp, ciliary processs; H, hyaloid; I, iris; L, crystalline lens in its capsule (the reference-line passes through the pupil); l, l', insertion of tendon of superior and inferior rectus muscles; o, optic nerve; P, canal of Petit; R, retina; S, sclerotic; s, s', circular sinus or canal of Schlemm; V, vitreous body filling back part of the eye." -Whitney, 1911

Median Vertical Anteroposterior Section of Eye

"Human Eye, in Median Vertical Anteroposterior Section. (Ciliary processes shown, through not all lying…

"Right Eyeball of Bird, seen from behind, showing the following muscles; a, rectus superior; b, rectus externus; c, rectus inferior; d, rectus internus; e, obliquus superior; f, obliquus inferior; g, quadratus; h, pyramidalis, with its tendon, k, passing through a pulley in the quadratus (as shown by dotted line) to keep it off the optic nerve, i, then passing around the edge of the ball to its insertion in the nictitating membrane." -Whitney, 1911

Right Eyeball of Bird

"Right Eyeball of Bird, seen from behind, showing the following muscles; a, rectus superior; b, rectus…

"Fake. Naut., one of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser as it lies in a coil; a single turn or coil, as one of the oblong loops into which a shot-line is wound in being placed in a faking-box." -Whitney, 1911

Rope Coiled in Fakes on Deck

"Fake. Naut., one of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser as it lies in a coil; a single turn…

"Skull of Cat (Felis catus), showing the following bones, viz. : na, nasal; pm, premaxillary; m, maxillary; l, lacrymal; f, frontal; j, jugal; pa, palatine; p, parietal; sq, squamosal; ip, interparietal; so, supra-occipital; eo, exoccipital (the line leads to the occipital condyle); t, tympanic bulla; smf, stylomastoid foramen; mf, mental foramen; c, coronoid process of mandible; ar, ascending ramus of mandible; hr, horizontal ramus of mandible; an, angle of jaw." -Whitney, 1911

Domestic Cat Skull

"Skull of Cat (Felis catus), showing the following bones, viz. : na, nasal; pm, premaxillary; m, maxillary;…

Natural and columnar sections at each end and at the center of a line 100 miles long and at right angles to the original trend of the shore. The progressive overlap and change in facies is shown. Note that in each section the clastic formation next above the crystallines is a sandstone, but that it belongs to different formations in each.

Progressive Overlap of Shore

Natural and columnar sections at each end and at the center of a line 100 miles long and at right angles…

Natural and columnar sections at each end and in the center of a line 100 miles long and extending at right angles to the original shore line.

Clastic Deposits in the Sea

Natural and columnar sections at each end and in the center of a line 100 miles long and extending at…

Diagram illustrating the relationships of dip and strike of the inclined strata of an outcropping series of ledges. The strike is represented by the horizontal line; the dip by the line at right angles to the strike.

Inclined Strata Dip and Strike

Diagram illustrating the relationships of dip and strike of the inclined strata of an outcropping series…

A fault line valley. A fault line, is a planar fracture in rock in which the rock on one side of the fracture has moved with respect to the rock on the other side.

Fault Line Valley

A fault line valley. A fault line, is a planar fracture in rock in which the rock on one side of the…

"The part of any solid between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other: as, the frustum of a cone ... In the figure the dotted line, c, indicates the part of the cone cut off to form the frustum, f." -Whitney, 1911

Frustum of a Cone

"The part of any solid between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other: as,…

An illustration of a woman holding a fishing pole.

Woman with Fishing Pole

An illustration of a woman holding a fishing pole.

View of a village in the Schwartzwald, or Black Forest. The Black Forest stands in the elbow formed by the Rhine river in its course from Schaffhausen to Basle, and from Basle to Mannheim. It is bounded by the plain that borders the river The Neckar River bounds it on the north, while on the east it is limited by the upper part of the same river, and by an imaginary line drawn from the source of the Neckar to Schaffhausen. The Black Forest owes its gloomy name to the dark aspect of its peaks and slopes which is shadowed by pine-trees. On the brightest day the forest's trees still retain their shadow.

Black Forest Village

View of a village in the Schwartzwald, or Black Forest. The Black Forest stands in the elbow formed…

Tadorna cornuta, the Sheld-Drake or Bargander, ...shews a white collar on the lower neck followed by a broad chestnut band; blackish outer scapulars, remiges, and the tip of a tail; a patch of chestnut on the inner secondaries, a green speculum, and a brown line down the under parts, the remaining portions being white." A. H. Evans, 1900

Shelduck

Tadorna cornuta, the Sheld-Drake or Bargander, ...shews a white collar on the lower neck followed by…

"The male figure is that of Sir John de Weston, of Weston-Lizars, in Staffordshire, and Isabel his wife, whose paternal name was Bromley. In three quarterfoils beneath the figures are shields: the first contains the arms of Weston, sable, and eagle displayed or, with a lable argent, fretty gules; the centre shield is argent, fretty gules; that under the lady is formed entirely of the colours of her arms disposed quarterly, and parted horizontally, or fessways, by the line dancette." -Hall, 1862

Weston Coat of Arms

"The male figure is that of Sir John de Weston, of Weston-Lizars, in Staffordshire, and Isabel his wife,…

Diagram used to prove the theorem: "The area of the surface generated by a straight line revolving about an axis in its plane is equal to the product of the projection of the line on the axis by the circumference whose radius is perpendicular erected at the middle point of the line and terminated by the axis."

Area of Surface Generated by a Straight Line

Diagram used to prove the theorem: "The area of the surface generated by a straight line revolving about…

"If a sector revolves about its bounding radius as an axis, it generates what may be called a spherical cone."

Spherical Cone

"If a sector revolves about its bounding radius as an axis, it generates what may be called a spherical…

A line engrailed for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Engrailed

A line engrailed for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by…

A line invected for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Invected

A line invected for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines…

A line wavy or undé for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Wavy

A line wavy or undé for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided…

A line embattled or crenelle for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Embattled

A line embattled or crenelle for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are…

A line nebule for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Nebule

A line nebule for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines…

A line indented for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Indented

A line indented for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines…

A line dancette for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Dancette

A line dancette for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines…

A line angled for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Angled

A line angled for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines…

A line bevilled for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Bevilled

A line bevilled for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines…

A line escartelle for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Escartelle

A line escartelle for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by…

A line nowy or franché for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Nowy

A line nowy or franché for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are…

A line dove-tailed for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Dove-Tailed

A line dove-tailed for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by…

A line embattled grady or battled embattled for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Embattled Grady

A line embattled grady or battled embattled for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one…

A line potent for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Potent

A line potent for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines…

A line double arched for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Double Arched

A line double arched for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided…

A line arched or enarched for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Arched

A line arched or enarched for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided…

A line urdée for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Urdée

A line urdée for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided…

A line radient for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines ... Curved and angular lines are numerous, and each has an Heraldic name expressive of its form." -Hall, 1862

Line Radient

A line radient for dividing a field. "Escutcheons that have more than one tincture are divided by lines…

"QUARTERED PER CROSS—The shield is divided into four parts, called quarters, by an horizontal and perpendicular line, crossing each other in the centre of the field, each of which is numbered." -Hall, 1862

Quartered Per Cross

"QUARTERED PER CROSS—The shield is divided into four parts, called quarters, by an horizontal…

"Argent, on a chief, gules, two mullets, sable. The chief is an ordinary terminated by an horizontal line, which, if it is of any other form but straight, its form must be expressed; it is placed in the upper part of the escutcheon, and occupies one third of the field." -Hall, 1862

Chief Ordinary

"Argent, on a chief, gules, two mullets, sable. The chief is an ordinary terminated by an horizontal…

"Argent, a chief, azure, indented. The chief is an ordinary terminated by an horizontal line, which, if it is of any other form but straight, its form must be expressed; it is placed in the upper part of the escutcheon, and occupies one third of the field." -Hall, 1862

Chief Indented

"Argent, a chief, azure, indented. The chief is an ordinary terminated by an horizontal line, which,…

Diagram an ellipse with a tangent line that illustrates "A line through a point on the ellipse and bisecting the external angle between the focal radii is a tangent."

Tangent to an Ellipse

Diagram an ellipse with a tangent line that illustrates "A line through a point on the ellipse and bisecting…

Diagram part of a hyperbola with a tangent line that illustrates "A line through a point on the hyperbola and bisecting the internal angle between the focal radii is a tangent."

Tangent to a Hyperbola

Diagram part of a hyperbola with a tangent line that illustrates "A line through a point on the hyperbola…

Diagram showing how to construct a conic when given the focus and the auxiliary circle. If the focus is outside the circle, we get a hyperbola. If it's inside the circle, we get an ellipse. If the auxiliary circle is a straight line (radius is infinite), we get a parabola.

Construction of a Conic

Diagram showing how to construct a conic when given the focus and the auxiliary circle. If the focus…

Illustration showing the correct and incorrect position of a right line pen against a T-square, triangle, or straight edge when doing geometric constructions.

Positioning Pen for Constructions

Illustration showing the correct and incorrect position of a right line pen against a T-square, triangle,…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p>Non-Vocal Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb bent at right angles to the breath phalanx, or unaccented. Primary Consonant positions have only the first finger accented. Point Consonant positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Non-Vocal Primary Point Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…