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Coffee is the berry of a tree found native in Abyssinia. The tree attains a height of 15 to 20 feet, but when cultivated, it is generally kept lower by cutting. The tree has shining green leaves, and bears beautiful white flowers, which are followed by reddish-brown berries, each of which contains two grains of coffee. The coffee-tree is cultivated extensively in Arabia, Java, the Philippines, Ceylon, Brazil, and in the West Indies.

Coffee

Coffee is the berry of a tree found native in Abyssinia. The tree attains a height of 15 to 20 feet,…

The images in this banner are birds, flowers and vines. In the center there are to prominent birds and a large plant.

Banner

The images in this banner are birds, flowers and vines. In the center there are to prominent birds and…

Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant. The fiber is often spun into thread to make a soft breathable fabric.

Cotton

Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant. The fiber is often spun into…

Bulbet-like tubers, such as are occasionally formed on the stem of a Potato-plant above ground.

Tubers

Bulbet-like tubers, such as are occasionally formed on the stem of a Potato-plant above ground.

Diagram of an opposite-leaved plant, with a single terminal flower.

Opposite-Leaved

Diagram of an opposite-leaved plant, with a single terminal flower.

Diagram of opposite-leaved plant with a cyne of three flowers; <em>a</em> the first flower, of the main axis: <em>b b</em>, those of branches.

Opposite-Leaved

Diagram of opposite-leaved plant with a cyne of three flowers; a the first flower, of the main…

Diagram of opposite-leaved plant with a cyne of three flowers; <em>a</em> the first flower, of the main axis: <em>b b</em>, those of branches. Flowers of the third order.

Opposite-Leaved

Diagram of opposite-leaved plant with a cyne of three flowers; a the first flower, of the main…

Plant of Isoetes

Isoetes

Plant of Isoetes

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana.

Azolla Caroliniana

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana.

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana, showing two kinds of sporocarp; the small ones contain microspores.

Azolla Caroliniana

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana, showing two kinds of sporocarp; the small ones contain microspores.

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana, showing a sporocarp; the small ones contain microspores.

Azolla Caroliniana

Small plant of Azolla Caroliniana, showing a sporocarp; the small ones contain microspores.

Single plant of Physcomitrium pyriforme.

Physcomitrium

Single plant of Physcomitrium pyriforme.

Mnium cuspidatum plant

Mnium

Mnium cuspidatum plant

Antheridia and a pistillidium of the Mnium cuspidatum, at the end of a stem of same plant, the leaves torn away.

Mnium

Antheridia and a pistillidium of the Mnium cuspidatum, at the end of a stem of same plant, the leaves…

Plant of Riccia natans

Riccia

Plant of Riccia natans

Plant of Riccia natans

Riccia

Plant of Riccia natans

Full-grown plant, extended and ramified below in a root-like way.

Botrydium

Full-grown plant, extended and ramified below in a root-like way.

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the insect is hatched out the next spring, and feeds upon the sap of the tree. The first broods are all females, which in a short time, without any intercourse with the males, give birth to living young by the process of gemmation. These also produce other young ones, which are all females as long as the summer lasts, and it is only in the autumn that males are produced, which, uniting with the females, become the parents of the eggs for the following spring brood, thus bearing living young all the summer, and laying eggs which can withstand the frosts of the winter in autumn for the following spring season, while the parent insects in winter are destroyed by the wet and cold weather and alternate freezing and thawing.

Apple Plant Louse

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the…

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the insect is hatched out the next spring, and feeds upon the sap of the tree. The first broods are all females, which in a short time, without any intercourse with the males, give birth to living young by the process of gemmation. These also produce other young ones, which are all females as long as the summer lasts, and it is only in the autumn that males are produced, which, uniting with the females, become the parents of the eggs for the following spring brood, thus bearing living young all the summer, and laying eggs which can withstand the frosts of the winter in autumn for the following spring season, while the parent insects in winter are destroyed by the wet and cold weather and alternate freezing and thawing.

Apple Plant Louse

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the…

Sensory pittings in plant-louse antennae.

Sensory Organs

Sensory pittings in plant-louse antennae.

Paecilocapsus lineatus, four-lined plant-bug.

Plant Bug

Paecilocapsus lineatus, four-lined plant-bug.

Paecilocapsus lineatus, four-lined plant-bug.

Plant Bug

Paecilocapsus lineatus, four-lined plant-bug.

Paecilocapsus lineatus, four-lined plant-bug's single egg.

Plant Bug

Paecilocapsus lineatus, four-lined plant-bug's single egg.

Paecilocapsus lineatus, four-lined plant-bug's egg mass in currant.

Plant Bug

Paecilocapsus lineatus, four-lined plant-bug's egg mass in currant.

Work of the strawberry-weevil, shoot of strawberry-plant bearing punctured buds.

Weevil

Work of the strawberry-weevil, shoot of strawberry-plant bearing punctured buds.

A small flax plant.

Flax

A small flax plant.

Ferula Asafetida is a flowering plant, a herbaceous perennial plant.

Ferula

Ferula Asafetida is a flowering plant, a herbaceous perennial plant.

The coffee plant is a shrub or small tree, native to subtropical Africa and southern Asia.

Coffee

The coffee plant is a shrub or small tree, native to subtropical Africa and southern Asia.

Camelia sinensis is the tea plant, the plant species whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea.

Tea

Camelia sinensis is the tea plant, the plant species whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce…

Sesame is a flowering plant in the genus Sesamum.

Sesame

Sesame is a flowering plant in the genus Sesamum.

Edible colocasia, a plant native to tropical Polynesia and southeastern Asia.

Colocasia

Edible colocasia, a plant native to tropical Polynesia and southeastern Asia.

Rice is a species of grass native to tropical and subtropical southern and southeastern Asia and Africa. Rice is a staple for a large part of the world's human population.

Rice

Rice is a species of grass native to tropical and subtropical southern and southeastern Asia and Africa.…

The flower of the primrose scabious, <em>scabious succisa</em>.

Flower of Scabious Succisa

The flower of the primrose scabious, scabious succisa.

Fruit of the primrose scabious, <em>scabious succisa</em>.

Fruit of the primrose succisa

Fruit of the primrose scabious, scabious succisa.

A section of the fruit of the primrose succisa, <em>scabious succisa</em>.

Section of primrose succisa fruit

A section of the fruit of the primrose succisa, scabious succisa.

"<em>Scabious succisa</em>, the primrose scabious, is a common European plant, which bears purplish-blue flowers." &mdash;Finley, 1917

Primrose succisa

"Scabious succisa, the primrose scabious, is a common European plant, which bears purplish-blue…

"A genus of Old World bulbous plants belonging to the order Lilac&aelig;." &mdash;Finley, 1917

Scilla

"A genus of Old World bulbous plants belonging to the order Lilacæ." —Finley, 1917

Common scurvey grass, an abundant sea-shore plant.

Scurvey Grass

Common scurvey grass, an abundant sea-shore plant.

1. Sea-plantain. 2. Sea-pink 3. Sea-reed, 4. Sea Rocket, 5. Sea Campion, 6. Sea-holly 7. Sea-spurge 8. Stone-pop

Types of Seashore Life

1. Sea-plantain. 2. Sea-pink 3. Sea-reed, 4. Sea Rocket, 5. Sea Campion, 6. Sea-holly 7. Sea-spurge…

"The prunella, or self-heal, is a genus of hardy perennial, herbaceous plants belonging to the order Labiatae."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Prunella

"The prunella, or self-heal, is a genus of hardy perennial, herbaceous plants belonging to the order…

Anther of a prunella plant.

Prunella anther

Anther of a prunella plant.

Calyx of a prunella plant.

Prunella calyx

Calyx of a prunella plant.

Ovary of a prunella plant.

Prunella ovary

Ovary of a prunella plant.

<em>Senecio vulgaris</em>, a member of the genus senecio.

Senecio

Senecio vulgaris, a member of the genus senecio.

Flower of senecio vulgaris.

Senecio vulgaris flower

Flower of senecio vulgaris.

Fruit of senecio vulgaris.

Senecio vulgaris fruit

Fruit of senecio vulgaris.

"A common cruciferous plant, the size of which varies from a few inches to a few feet."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Shepherd's purse

"A common cruciferous plant, the size of which varies from a few inches to a few feet."—Finley,…

"Silique, the fruit of certain cruciferous plants, consisting of a pair of valves which seperate from a central septum"&mdash;Finley, 1917

Silique

"Silique, the fruit of certain cruciferous plants, consisting of a pair of valves which seperate from…

"The common sorrel is a meadow plant, slender in habit, with halberd-shaped, juicy, acid flavored leaves, and bearing whorled spikes of greenish-red flowers in summer."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Sorrel

"The common sorrel is a meadow plant, slender in habit, with halberd-shaped, juicy, acid flavored leaves,…

Fruit from a common sorrel plant.

Sorrel fruit

Fruit from a common sorrel plant.

Spicula of a spelt plant.

Spelt spicula

Spicula of a spelt plant.

"Calyx of a spelt plant."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Spelt calyx

"Calyx of a spelt plant."—Finley, 1917

Floret of a spelt plant.

Spelt floret

Floret of a spelt plant.

The strobilus (spike) of a hop plant.

Hop strobilus

The strobilus (spike) of a hop plant.

"The common spindle tree (<em>Euonymus europaeus</em>) is a European shrub, which bears glossy lanceolate leaves, and in late spring clusters of small greenish flowers, followed by fruits which become beautifully rose colored."—Finley, 1917

Spindle Tree

"The common spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus) is a European shrub, which bears glossy lanceolate…

"The European hedge woundwort, a tall hairy plant, with heart-shaped leaves, and numerous whorls of full purple flowers, usually six in a whorl."

Stackys sylvatica

"The European hedge woundwort, a tall hairy plant, with heart-shaped leaves, and numerous whorls of…

"Star of Bethlehem, or Ornithogalum, a genus of bulbous plants belonging to the order Liliacae."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Star of Bethlehem

"Star of Bethlehem, or Ornithogalum, a genus of bulbous plants belonging to the order Liliacae."—Finley,…

"Sea lavender (<em>statice limonium</em>) is a native British plant, being fairly common in certain parts of the coast."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Sea lavender

"Sea lavender (statice limonium) is a native British plant, being fairly common in certain…

"In the manufacture of artificial ice, ammonia is liquefied by being compressed by powerful pumps; then the liquid ammonia is cooled by passing cold water over the pipes containing it. the liquid ammonia is distributed through pipes, where it evaporates rapidly. The gas is drawn back by the pump, condensed to a liquid, and used again. The pipes in which the evaporation takes place are immersed in a strong salt solution, which, by furnishing heat for evaporation, is cooled to a point below the freezing-point of water." -Brownlee 1907

Refrigerating Plant

"In the manufacture of artificial ice, ammonia is liquefied by being compressed by powerful pumps; then…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharply and often doubly toothed. Outline - oval or egg-shaped, or inversely egg-shaped; always one-sided. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - rounded, or slightly heart-shaped, rarely pointed. Leaf/Stem - about one quarter inch long. Buds - smooth. Leaf - usually two to five inches long, and one and a half to two and a half wide; somewhat downy when young, afterward roughish below; above, either rough in one direction, or (especially if taken from the ends of the long branches) smooth and shining. Ribs - prominent and straight. Bark - of the branches not marked with "corky ridges"; branchlets, smooth. Seeds - flat egg-shaped or oval, winged and fringed all around. Last of May. Found - northward to Southern Newfoundland; southward to Florida; westward to the Black Hills of Dakota. Toward the western and southwestern limits it is found only in the river-bottom lands. General Information - One of the very noblest of American trees, eighty feet or more in height, and of strong and graceful proportions. The trunk divides at a slight angle into two or three arching limbs, and these again into many smaller curving and drooping branches. The trunk and the larger branches are often heavily fringed with short and leafy boughs. The tree is widely cultivated. Streets planted with it become columned and arched like the aisles of a Gothic cathedral. The wood is hard, and very tough from the interlacing of its fibers. It is used in making saddle-trees and for wheel-hubs, and is now largely exported to England to be used in boat- and ship-building. One day I found four men in a stone quarry, working with iron bars and rollers over a heavy flat slab. They were moving the stone slowly up a narrow plant into their cart. "John, " I said, "I would not think that board could hold a stone of such weight two minutes. Is it hickory?" "No sir, " said John, " that's an elm plank; it can't break." It did not break. It was one of the woods which the Deacon used in building his famous "one-hoss shay": So the deacon inquired of the village folk Where he could find the strongest oak, That count n't be split nor bent nor broke, - That was for spokes and floor and sills; He sent for lancewood to make the thills; The cross-bars were ash, from the straightest trees; The panels of whitewood, that cuts like cheese, But lasts like iron for thing like these; The hubs of logs from the Settler's Ellum; - Last of its timber, - they could n't sell 'em, Never an axe had seen their chips, And the wedges flew from between their lips, Their blunt ends frizzled like celery-tips;" --Oliver Wendell Holmes

Genus Ulmus, L. (Elm)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharply and often doubly toothed. Outline - oval or egg-shaped, or…