"Catkins of willow. A, staminate flowers; B, pistillate flowers." -Bergen, 1896

Willow Catkin

"Catkins of willow. A, staminate flowers; B, pistillate flowers." -Bergen, 1896

"Head of red clover." -Bergen, 1896

Red Clover

"Head of red clover." -Bergen, 1896

"Head of yarrow. A, top view; B, lengthwise section. re, receptacle; i, involucre; r, ray-flowers; d, disk-flowers; c, corolla; s, stigma; ch, chaff, or bracts of receptacle." -Bergen, 1896

Yarrow

"Head of yarrow. A, top view; B, lengthwise section. re, receptacle; i, involucre; r, ray-flowers; d,…

"Compound umbel of carrot." -Bergen, 1896

Carrot Umbel

"Compound umbel of carrot." -Bergen, 1896

"Diagrams of inflorescence. A, panicle; B, raceme; C, spike; D, head; E, umbel." -Bergen, 1896

Inflorescence

"Diagrams of inflorescence. A, panicle; B, raceme; C, spike; D, head; E, umbel." -Bergen, 1896

"Compound cyme of mouse-ear chickweed. t, the terminal (oldest) flower." -Bergen, 1896

Mouse-Ear Chickweed

"Compound cyme of mouse-ear chickweed. t, the terminal (oldest) flower." -Bergen, 1896

"Diagram of inflorescence of a grass. g, sterile glumes; P1, a flowering glume; P2, a scaly bract (palea); e, transparent scales (lodicules) at the base of the flower; B, the flower." -Bergen, 1896

Grass Inflorescence

"Diagram of inflorescence of a grass. g, sterile glumes; P1, a flowering glume; P2, a scaly bract (palea);…

"Fescue-grass (Festuca pratensis). A, spikelet; B, a flower, the lodicules in front and the palea behind; C, a lodicule; D, ovary." -Bergen, 1896

Fescue Grass

"Fescue-grass (Festuca pratensis). A, spikelet; B, a flower, the lodicules in front and the palea behind;…

"Inflorescence, flower, and seed, of a sedge. (Great Bulrush, Scirpus lacustris.) A, magnified flower, surrounded by perianth of hypogynous bristles; B, the seed; C, section of the seed, showing the small embryo enclosed in the base of the endosperm." -Bergen, 1896

Sedge

"Inflorescence, flower, and seed, of a sedge. (Great Bulrush, Scirpus lacustris.) A, magnified flower,…

"Acorus calamus. A, spadix; B, a single flower, enlarged; C, diagram of flower, enlarged." -Bergen, 1896

Common Sweet Flag

"Acorus calamus. A, spadix; B, a single flower, enlarged; C, diagram of flower, enlarged." -Bergen,…

"Iris. I, flower; II, seed, longitudinal section; III, flower with outer segments of perianth removed; stig., stigma, ov., ovary." -Bergen, 1896

Iris

"Iris. I, flower; II, seed, longitudinal section; III, flower with outer segments of perianth removed;…

"Iris. I, flower, longitudinal section, ov., ovary; II, diagram, showing stigmas opposite the stamens; III, capsule, splitting between the partitions." -Bergen, 1896

Iris

"Iris. I, flower, longitudinal section, ov., ovary; II, diagram, showing stigmas opposite the stamens;…

"Alnus glutinosa. A, a flowering twig; s, staminate catkins; p, pistillate catkins; B, a group of staminate flowers, enlarged; C, two pistillate flowers, enlarged." -Bergen, 1896

Alder Flowers

"Alnus glutinosa. A, a flowering twig; s, staminate catkins; p, pistillate catkins; B, a group of staminate…

"Ulmus campestris. A, a flowering twig; B, a flower; C, longitudinal section of a flower; D, a fruit." -Bergen, 1896

Elm Flowers

"Ulmus campestris. A, a flowering twig; B, a flower; C, longitudinal section of a flower; D, a fruit."…

"Chenopodium. A, flower; B, fruit." -Bergen, 1896

Goosefoot

"Chenopodium. A, flower; B, fruit." -Bergen, 1896

"Euphorbia corollata. A, flower-cluster with involucre, the whole appearing like a single flower; B, a single staminate flower; C, immature fertile flower, as seen after the removal of the sterile flowers; i, involucre; s, stigmas." -Bergen, 1896

Flowering Spurge

"Euphorbia corollata. A, flower-cluster with involucre, the whole appearing like a single flower; B,…

"Viola tricolor. A, stamens and pistil; B, pistil with stamens removed; C, pod split open." -Bergen, 1896

Heartsease

"Viola tricolor. A, stamens and pistil; B, pistil with stamens removed; C, pod split open." -Bergen,…

"Begonia Flowers. A, staminate flower; B, pistillate flower; C, twisted stigmas, enlarged; D, cross-section of ovary; o, ovary; s, sepals; p, petals." -Bergen, 1896

Begonia

"Begonia Flowers. A, staminate flower; B, pistillate flower; C, twisted stigmas, enlarged; D, cross-section…

"Flower and fruit of Umbelliferae. A, flower of Foeniculum; B, fruit of Heracleum; C, fruit of Heracleum, cross-section; o (in A), ovary; d, disk; sg, stigma; s, stamens; o (in B, and C), oil-tubes; r, ribs. A, B, and C all enlarged." -Bergen, 1896

Umbelliferae

"Flower and fruit of Umbelliferae. A, flower of Foeniculum; B, fruit of Heracleum; C, fruit of Heracleum,…

"Flower of Asclepias Cornuti. A, entire flower; B, vertical section; C, diagram; D, details of pollen-masses and glands. ca, calyx; c, corolla; hd, hood; hn, horn; a, anther; s, stigma; o, ovary; g, gland; p, pollen-mass." -Bergen, 1896

Milkweed

"Flower of Asclepias Cornuti. A, entire flower; B, vertical section; C, diagram; D, details of pollen-masses…

"Flowers of plantain (Plantago), enlarged. A, earlier stage, pistil mature, stamens not yet appearing outside the corolla. B, later stage, pistil withered, stamens mature." -Bergen, 1896

Plantain Flowers

"Flowers of plantain (Plantago), enlarged. A, earlier stage, pistil mature, stamens not yet appearing…

"Flower-cluster of bachelor's button (Centaurea Cyanus)." -Bergen, 1896

Cornflower

"Flower-cluster of bachelor's button (Centaurea Cyanus)." -Bergen, 1896

"Bachelor's Button. I, vertical section of the receptacle; II, style and forked stigma; III, corolla, united anthers and stigma; IV, pistil; pap, pappus; ak, akene; V, tubular flower cut vertically, showing anther-tube, traversed by the style; l, lobe of corolla." -Bergen, 1896

Cornflower

"Bachelor's Button. I, vertical section of the receptacle; II, style and forked stigma; III, corolla,…

"Bachelor's Button. I, a tubular flower; anth, the united anthers; II, fruit; III, fruit, vertical section; IV, a neutral ray-flower; V, ring of anthers." -Bergen, 1896

Cornflower

"Bachelor's Button. I, a tubular flower; anth, the united anthers; II, fruit; III, fruit, vertical section;…

"Flower-cluster of yarrow (Achillea Millefolium). A, head seen from above; B, longitudinal section; re, receptacle; ch, chaff; i, involucre; r, ray-flowers; d, disk-flowers; c, corolla; s, stigma." -Bergen, 1896

Yarrow

"Flower-cluster of yarrow (Achillea Millefolium). A, head seen from above; B, longitudinal section;…

The fruit, flower, and leaves of the cacao tree.

Cacao

The fruit, flower, and leaves of the cacao tree.

Camellia, a flowering plant of the Theaceae family.

Camellia

Camellia, a flowering plant of the Theaceae family.

A branch of the camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora.

Camphor Tree Branch

A branch of the camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora.

The capsicum plant, showing flower and fruit (pepper).

Capsicum

The capsicum plant, showing flower and fruit (pepper).

"Cardamom. a, cross section of fruit; b, fruit; c, flower; d, seeds." -Foster, 1921

Cardamom

"Cardamom. a, cross section of fruit; b, fruit; c, flower; d, seeds." -Foster, 1921

The carnation flower (Dianthus caryophyllus).

Carnation

The carnation flower (Dianthus caryophyllus).

A variety of dahlias of the Composite family.

Dahlias

A variety of dahlias of the Composite family.

"It is a very large tree, the trunk being sometimes three feet in diameter, although it is of little is as a timber tree, the wood being spongy." -Lupton

The Gutta-percha tree

"It is a very large tree, the trunk being sometimes three feet in diameter, although it is of little…

Cloves trees are native to Indonesia. Flower buds from the tree, once dried, are used as a spice in food world wide.

Clove Tree

Cloves trees are native to Indonesia. Flower buds from the tree, once dried, are used as a spice in…

" Our engraving represents a wonderfully singular and beautiful plant, which grows among the mountains of California. " -Lupton

Twining Hyacinth of California

" Our engraving represents a wonderfully singular and beautiful plant, which grows among the mountains…

"Flowers often grow out of the cacti in a very unexpected fashion and of very curious forms. We give illustration of a variety, whose flower very much resembles a starfish." -Lupton

The Starfish Cactus

"Flowers often grow out of the cacti in a very unexpected fashion and of very curious forms. We give…

In architecture, an opening or a panel dividing by cusps or foliations into four leaves, or more correctly the leaf-shaped figure formed by the cusps. It is an ornament which has been supposed to represents the four leaves of a cruciform flower, and is common in the tracery of Gothic windows.

Quatrefoil Architecture

In architecture, an opening or a panel dividing by cusps or foliations into four leaves, or more correctly…

This gigantic flower, one of the marvels of the vegetable world, was discovered in the interior Sumatra by Sir. T Raffles and Dr. Arnold. The whole plant seems to consist of little else beyond the flower and root.

Raffle'sia Flower

This gigantic flower, one of the marvels of the vegetable world, was discovered in the interior Sumatra…

The American lotus or Nelumbo lutea.

American Lotus

The American lotus or Nelumbo lutea.

The magnolia flower.

Magnolia

The magnolia flower.

A small cruciferous plant, growing in arid Arabia and Palestine. When full grown and ripe its leaves drop and it becomes rolled up like a ball in the dry season, but opens its branches and seed vessels when it comes in contact with moisture.

Illustration of Roots and Jericho Rose

A small cruciferous plant, growing in arid Arabia and Palestine. When full grown and ripe its leaves…

A circular window, divided into compartments by mullions and tracery radiating from a centre, also called Catharine-wheel, and marigold-window.

Rose Brickwork Window

A circular window, divided into compartments by mullions and tracery radiating from a centre, also called…

A strong-scented herbaceous plant of the genus Ruta, nat. order Rutacae, a native of S. Europe, but also cultivated in gardens in the United States.

Rue Plant

A strong-scented herbaceous plant of the genus Ruta, nat. order Rutacae, a native of S. Europe, but…

The fruit, flower, and branch of the avocado tree.

Avocado

The fruit, flower, and branch of the avocado tree.

The branch, blossom, and fruit of the almond tree.

Almond

The branch, blossom, and fruit of the almond tree.

The larkspur (Consolida) is a flowering plant of the buttercup family.

Larkspur

The larkspur (Consolida) is a flowering plant of the buttercup family.

The honeysuckle is a flowering plant of the heath family.

Honeysuckle

The honeysuckle is a flowering plant of the heath family.

The rhododendron is a flowering plant of the heath family.

Rhododendron

The rhododendron is a flowering plant of the heath family.

The bleeding heart is a flowering plant of the poppy family.

Bleeding Heart

The bleeding heart is a flowering plant of the poppy family.

The popular name given to a number of animals of the subkingdom Coelenterata and class Actinozoa, including the genus Actinia and other genera.

Sea Anemones

The popular name given to a number of animals of the subkingdom Coelenterata and class Actinozoa, including…

A section of the eye seen from within. Labels: 1, The divided edge of the three coats. 2, The pupil. 3, The iris. 4, The ciliary processes. 5, The scolloped border of the retina.

A Section of the Eye Seen from Within

A section of the eye seen from within. Labels: 1, The divided edge of the three coats. 2, The pupil.…

"Diagram to show the essential parts of a "flowering" plant. t.r., tap-root; cot. seed-leaf (cotyledon); i, internode; a.l, leaf-axil; n, node; a.b, axillary buud; r, receptacle of floral organs; ca, calyx; per, perianth; co, corolla; st, stamens (androecium); pi, pistil (gynoecium)." -Gager, 1916

Flower Parts

"Diagram to show the essential parts of a "flowering" plant. t.r., tap-root; cot. seed-leaf (cotyledon);…

"Tulip bulb; longitudinal section. F, solid stem; B, flower bud; S, leaf-bases serving as bud-scales, and also for the storage of plant food." -Gager, 1916

Tulip Bulb

"Tulip bulb; longitudinal section. F, solid stem; B, flower bud; S, leaf-bases serving as bud-scales,…

"Roots of the water-hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes Solms), showing removable root-caps; b, root-cap removed from c." -Gager, 1916

Water Hyacinth Roots

"Roots of the water-hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes Solms), showing removable root-caps; b, root-cap removed…

"Portion of dandelion scape, showing "curls" resulting from longitudinal tissue-tension." -Gager, 1916

Dandelion Scape

"Portion of dandelion scape, showing "curls" resulting from longitudinal tissue-tension." -Gager, 1916

A vertical section of an intestinal villus of a cat. Labels: a, the striated basilar border of the epithelium; b, columnar epithelium; c, goblet cells; d, centrai lymph vessel; e, unstriped muscular fibers; f, adenoid stroma of the villus in which are contained lymph corpuscles.

Intestinal Villus of a Cat

A vertical section of an intestinal villus of a cat. Labels: a, the striated basilar border of the epithelium;…

Section of the villus of a rat killed during fat absorption. Labels: ep, epithelium; str, striated border; c, lymph cells; c', lymph cells in the epithelium; l, central lacteal containing disintegrating lymph corpuscles

Villus of a Rat

Section of the villus of a rat killed during fat absorption. Labels: ep, epithelium; str, striated border;…

View of a section of the ovary of the cat. Labels: 1, outer covering and free border of the ovary; 1', attached border; 2, the ovarian stroma, presenting a fibrous and vascular structure; 3, granular substance lying external to the fibrous stroma; 4, blood-vessels; 5, ovigerms in their earliest stages occupying part of the granular layer near the surface; 6, ovigerms which have begun to enlarge and to pass more deeply into the ovary; 7, ovigerms round which the Graafian follicles and tunica granulosa are now formed and which have passed somewhat deeper into the ovary and are surrounded by the fibrous stroma; 8, more advanced Graafian follicle with the ovum imbedded in the layer of cells constituting the proligerous disc; 9, the most advanced follicle containing the ovum; 9', a follicle from which the ovum has accidentally escaped; IO, corpus luteum.

Ovary of the Cat

View of a section of the ovary of the cat. Labels: 1, outer covering and free border of the ovary; 1',…

"Rosa rugosa, at left; Crataegus punctata, at right. The fruit is composed of the ripened ovary, reinforced by the enlarged receptacle." -Gager, 1916

Rose Family

"Rosa rugosa, at left; Crataegus punctata, at right. The fruit is composed of the ripened ovary, reinforced…

"Morphology of typical monocotyledonous plant. A, leaf, parallel-veined; B, portion of stem, showing irregular distribution of vascular bundles; C, ground plan of flower (the parts in 3's); D, top view of flower; E, seed, showing monocotyledonous embryo." -Gager, 1916

Monocotyledonous Morphology

"Morphology of typical monocotyledonous plant. A, leaf, parallel-veined; B, portion of stem, showing…