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The Great Seal of the State of New York. The seal shows Justice holding the scales and Liberty stepping on the British Crown. Between them, is a shield with the sun and boats on the Hudson River. Beneath is the state motto 'Excelsior' meaning "Ever upwards."

Seal of New York

The Great Seal of the State of New York. The seal shows Justice holding the scales and Liberty stepping…

The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina, 1773. The seal shows Liberty standing and Plenty holding a cornucopia. Below is the state motto, 'Esse Quam Videri' meaning "To Be Rather Than To Seem."

Seal of North Carolina

The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina, 1773. The seal shows Liberty standing and Plenty holding…

The Great Seal of the State of North Dakota. The seal depicts a tree, wheat, a plow, and a Native American on horseback hunting a buffalo. Above is the state motto, "Liberty and Union Now and Forever, One and Inseparable."

Seal of North Dakota

The Great Seal of the State of North Dakota. The seal depicts a tree, wheat, a plow, and a Native American…

The Great Seal of the State of Ohio. The seal features a sunrise behind a wheat field and mountains. The wheat bundle symbolizes agriculture and the seventeen arrows represents Ohio's admittance as the seventeenth state.

Seal of Ohio

The Great Seal of the State of Ohio. The seal features a sunrise behind a wheat field and mountains.…

The Great Seal of the State of Oklahoma, 1907. The seal has a star with five rays hold seals of Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole.

Seal of Oklahoma

The Great Seal of the State of Oklahoma, 1907. The seal has a star with five rays hold seals of Cherokee,…

The Great Seal of the State of Oregon. The seal shows mountains, an elk, a wagon, and the Pacific Ocean.

Seal of Oregon

The Great Seal of the State of Oregon. The seal shows mountains, an elk, a wagon, and the Pacific Ocean.

The Seal of the State of Pennsylvania. The seal shows a shield which has a ship, a plow, and sheaves of wheat. This represents commerce, labor, and agriculture.

Seal of Pennsylvania

The Seal of the State of Pennsylvania. The seal shows a shield which has a ship, a plow, and sheaves…

The Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1636. The seal shows a maritime anchor and the word "Hope."

Seal of Rhode Island

The Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1636. The seal shows a maritime anchor…

The Great Seal of the State of South Carolina. The seal shows two ovals with palmetto tree branches. On the left is a palmetto tree with 'Animis Opibusoue Parati' meaning "Prepared in Mind and Resources." On the right there is Spes or Hope. Underneath her, is the motto 'Dum Spiro Spero' meaning "While I Breathe I Hope."

Seal of South Carolina

The Great Seal of the State of South Carolina. The seal shows two ovals with palmetto tree branches.…

The Great Seal of the State of South Dakota, 1889. The seal shows hills, a river and a boat, a farmer, a mine, and cattle. The state motto is above and reads "Under God the People Rule."

Seal of South Dakota

The Great Seal of the State of South Dakota, 1889. The seal shows hills, a river and a boat, a farmer,…

The Great Seal of the State of Tennessee. The seal shows images such as wheat and a plow to represent agriculture and a boat to symbolize commerce.

Seal of Tennessee

The Great Seal of the State of Tennessee. The seal shows images such as wheat and a plow to represent…

The Seal of Texas. The seal has simply a star which is a common symbol of Texas, an olive branch, and a live oak branch.

Seal of Texas

The Seal of Texas. The seal has simply a star which is a common symbol of Texas, an olive branch, and…

The Great Seal of the State of Utah, 1896. The seal shows a bald eagle holding a shield. The shield has a beehive with the motto "Industry."

Seal of Utah

The Great Seal of the State of Utah, 1896. The seal shows a bald eagle holding a shield. The shield…

The Great Seal of Vermont. The seal depicts a pine tree in the center with grain sheaves and a cow at its side. Below holds the state motto "Freedom and Unity."

Seal of Vermont

The Great Seal of Vermont. The seal depicts a pine tree in the center with grain sheaves and a cow at…

The Seal of Virginia. The seal shows a Virtus standing over the defeated Tyranny with his fallen crown. Underneath them reads, 'Sic Semper Tyrannis' whiich means "Thus Always to Tyrants."

Seal of Virginia

The Seal of Virginia. The seal shows a Virtus standing over the defeated Tyranny with his fallen crown.…

The Seal of the State of Washington, 1889. The seal contains a portrait of George Washington and the 1889, when Washington state was admitted to the Union.

Seal of Washington

The Seal of the State of Washington, 1889. The seal contains a portrait of George Washington and the…

The Seal of the State of West Virginia. This seal depicts two men representing agriculture and industry standing on the sides of a boulder inscribed with the date West Virginia became a state, June 20, 1863. The state motto is below reading 'Montani Semper Liberi' meaning "Mountaineers Always Free."

Seal of West Virginia

The Seal of the State of West Virginia. This seal depicts two men representing agriculture and industry…

The Great Seal of the State of Wisconsin. The seal shows a sailor and a yeoman holding the state's coat of arms. It also shows the state animal, the badger and the state motto "Forward."

Seal of Wisconsin

The Great Seal of the State of Wisconsin. The seal shows a sailor and a yeoman holding the state's coat…

The Great Seal of the State of Wyoming. The seal shows two men symbolizing livestock and mining next to a draped statue with the banner "Equal Rights." The ribbon around the columns reads "Oil, Mines, Livestock, Grain."

Seal of Wyoming

The Great Seal of the State of Wyoming. The seal shows two men symbolizing livestock and mining next…

James Robertson (June 28, 1742–September 1, 1814) was a North Carolina farmer and explorer of the 18th century.

James Robertson

James Robertson (June 28, 1742–September 1, 1814) was a North Carolina farmer and explorer of the…

Edward Rutledge (November 23, 1749 – January 23, 1800), South Carolina statesman, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of South Carolina.

Edward Rutledge

Edward Rutledge (November 23, 1749 – January 23, 1800), South Carolina statesman, was a signer of…

Beni Hasan (also written as Bani Hasan, or also Beni-Hassan) is a village in Middle Egypt about 25 km south of al Minya, on the east bank of the Nile, with remarkable catacombs that have been excavated. During the Middle Kingdom, it was the center of the cult of Pakhet.

Tomb at Beni-Hassan

Beni Hasan (also written as Bani Hasan, or also Beni-Hassan) is a village in Middle Egypt about 25 km…

Beni Hasan (also written as Bani Hasan, or also Beni-Hassan) is a village in Middle Egypt about 25 km south of al Minya, on the east bank of the Nile, with remarkable catacombs that have been excavated. During the Middle Kingdom, it was the center of the cult of Pakhet.

Section and Half-Plan of a Tomb at Beni-Hassan

Beni Hasan (also written as Bani Hasan, or also Beni-Hassan) is a village in Middle Egypt about 25 km…

An illustration of the flower (a) and the fruit (b) of the gutta-percha. Gutta-percha (Palaquium) is a genus of tropical trees native to Southeast Asia and northern Australasia, from Taiwan south to Malaya and east to the Solomon Islands. It is also an inelastic natural latex produced from the sap of these trees. The word 'gutta-percha' comes from the plant's name in Malay, getah perca, which translates as "percha rubber".

Gutta-percha

An illustration of the flower (a) and the fruit (b) of the gutta-percha. Gutta-percha (Palaquium) is…

The Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules) is the most famous of the rhinoceros beetles. Native to the rain forests of Central and South America, they also can be found in coastal regions of North Carolina, their title is well deserved, with some (exceptionally rare) males reaching 6.75 inches (170 mm) in length. It is the largest of the 6 species in the Dynastes genus, and one of the largest beetles known.

Hercules Beetle

The Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules) is the most famous of the rhinoceros beetles. Native to the…

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government.

First Great Seal of the United States (Front)

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States…

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government.

First Great Seal of the United States (Back)

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States…

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government.

Great Seal of the United States

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States…

A view of the historic city Charleston in South Carolina.

Charleston, S.C.

A view of the historic city Charleston in South Carolina.

The United States Custom House in Charleston, South Carolina.

The Custom House in Charleston

The United States Custom House in Charleston, South Carolina.

David F. Jamison (1810-1864) was one of the founders of the Citadel and was elected president of the South Carolina secession convention in 1860.

David F. Jamison

David F. Jamison (1810-1864) was one of the founders of the Citadel and was elected president of the…

A small medal was struck in commemoration of the great act of separation of South Carolina. They became a separate, free, independent State.

South Carolina Medal

A small medal was struck in commemoration of the great act of separation of South Carolina. They became…

On the day that South Carolina proclaimed sovereignty, a banner for the new state was adopted.

South Carolina Flag

On the day that South Carolina proclaimed sovereignty, a banner for the new state was adopted.

A colonial gate in Charleston, South Carolina.

A Colonial Gate

A colonial gate in Charleston, South Carolina.

The Battle of South Mountain (known in several early Southern accounts as the Battle of Boonsboro Gap) was fought September 14, 1862, as part of the Maryland Campaign of the American Civil War.

Battle of South Mountain

The Battle of South Mountain (known in several early Southern accounts as the Battle of Boonsboro Gap)…

Jasminum grandiflorum (chameli in Hindi) is a species of jasmine native to South Asia. In India, its leaves are widely used as an Ayurvedic herbal medicine and its flowers are used to adorn the coiffure of women. In Pakistan, it grows wild in the Salt Range and Rawalpindi District at 500-1500 m altitude. It is closely related to, and sometimes treated as merely a form of, Jasminum officinale. It is a scrambling deciduous shrub growing to 2–4 m tall. The leaves are opposite, 5–12 cm long, pinnate with 5–11 leaflets. The flowers are produced in open cymes, the individual flowers are white having corolla with a basal tube 13–25 mm long and five lobes 13–22 mm long. The flower's fragrance is unique and sweet. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in warm temperate and subtropical regions.

Jasminum grandiflorum

Jasminum grandiflorum (chameli in Hindi) is a species of jasmine native to South Asia. In India, its…

An illustration of a juniper branch, vertical section of fruit (1), and male catkin (2). Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the mountains of Central America

Juniper

An illustration of a juniper branch, vertical section of fruit (1), and male catkin (2). Junipers are…

The Red-Legged Seriema (Cariama cristata) is a predatory terrestrial bird in the Cariamidae family of seriemas.

Red-Legged Seriema

The Red-Legged Seriema (Cariama cristata) is a predatory terrestrial bird in the Cariamidae family of…

A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. In common designs such as the horizontal sundial, the sun casts a shadow from its style (a thin rod or a sharp, straight edge) onto a flat surface marked with lines indicating the hours of the day. As the sun moves across the sky, the shadow-edge progressively aligns with different hour-lines on the plate. Such designs rely on the style being aligned with the axis of the Earth's rotation. Hence, if such a sundial is to tell the correct time, the style must point towards true North (not the north or south magnetic pole) and the style's angle with horizontal must equal the sundial's geographical latitude.

Sundial

A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. In common designs such as the horizontal…

In the common vertical dial, the shadow-receiving plane is aligned vertically; as usual, the gnomon's style is aligned with the Earth's axis of rotation. As in the horizontal dial, the line of shadow does not move uniformly on the face; the sundial is not equiangular.

Vertical South Dial

In the common vertical dial, the shadow-receiving plane is aligned vertically; as usual, the gnomon's…

An illustration of section of mine from the Kimberley Mine located in South Africa.

Kimberley Mine Section

An illustration of section of mine from the Kimberley Mine located in South Africa.

The fort is best known as the site where the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired, at the Battle of Fort Sumter.

Fort Sumter

The fort is best known as the site where the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired, at…

The headquarters of Major Robert Anderson at Fort Sumter, South Carolina during the American Civil War.

Major Anderson's Headquarters

The headquarters of Major Robert Anderson at Fort Sumter, South Carolina during the American Civil War.

The fort is best known as the site where the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired, at the Battle of Fort Sumter. Pictured here is Fort Sumter following the bombardment in 1864.

Fort Sumter in 1864

The fort is best known as the site where the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired, at…

The fort is best known as the site where the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired, at the Battle of Fort Sumter. Pictured here is Fort Sumter following the bombardment in 1864.

Inside the Walls of Fort Sumter

The fort is best known as the site where the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired, at…

One of the most famous Parrott rifles is the Swamp Angel, an 8-inch (200 mm) gun used by federal Brigadier General Quincy Adams Gillmore to bombard Charleston, South Carolina.

Swamp Angel

One of the most famous Parrott rifles is the Swamp Angel, an 8-inch (200 mm) gun used by federal Brigadier…

Coccinellidae is a family of beetles, known variously as ladybirds (British English, Australian English, South African English), ladybugs (North American English) or lady beetles (preferred by some scientists). Lesser-used names include ladyclock, lady cow, and lady fly. The family name comes from its type genus, Coccinella. Coccinellids are found worldwide, with over 5,000 species described, more than 450 native to North America alone. Coccinellids are small insects, ranging from 1 mm to 10 mm (0.04 to 0.4 inches), and are commonly yellow, orange, or scarlet with small black spots on their wing covers, with black legs, head and antennae. A very large number of species are mostly or entirely black, gray, or brown and may be difficult for non-entomologists to recognize as coccinellids (and, conversely, there are many small beetles that are easily mistaken as such, like tortoise beetles).

Ladybug

Coccinellidae is a family of beetles, known variously as ladybirds (British English, Australian English,…

The Hispid Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus) is a small rodent in the Cricetidae family of New World rats and mice.

Hispid Cotton Rat

The Hispid Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus) is a small rodent in the Cricetidae family of New World rats…

An illustration of a silver fir cone and a small branch. Silver Fir or European Silver Fir (Abies alba) is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, and south to southern Italy and northern Serbia, where it intergrades with the closely related Bulgarian Fir.

Silver Fir Cone and Foliage

An illustration of a silver fir cone and a small branch. Silver Fir or European Silver Fir (Abies alba)…

Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty) is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, northwestern Africa, and North America, and in the temperate Southern Hemisphere in Australia, and Argentina in South America.

Calystegia Sepium

Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty) is a species of bindweed, with…

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium bud. Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty) is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, northwestern Africa, and North America, and in the temperate Southern Hemisphere in Australia, and Argentina in South America.

Calystegia Sepium Bud

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium bud. Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland…

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium seed cut lengthwise showing the embryo. Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty) is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, northwestern Africa, and North America, and in the temperate Southern Hemisphere in Australia, and Argentina in South America.

Calystegia Sepium Seed

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium seed cut lengthwise showing the embryo. Calystegia sepium (Larger…

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium embryo. Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty) is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, northwestern Africa, and North America, and in the temperate Southern Hemisphere in Australia, and Argentina in South America.

Calystegia Sepium Embryo

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium embryo. Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or…

The King's Chamber is lined with red granite brought from Aswan 935 km (580 miles) to the south, of which the blocks used for the roof are estimated to weigh 50 to 80 tons. Egyptologists believe they were transported on barges down the Nile river.

Great Pyramid of Giza, King's Chamber

The King's Chamber is lined with red granite brought from Aswan 935 km (580 miles) to the south, of…

An illustration of two Hittite women sitting. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a Hittite language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia (on the Central Anatolian plateau) ca. the 18th century BC. The Hittite empire reached its height ca. the 14th century BC, encompassing a large part of Anatolia, north-western Syria about as far south as the mouth of the Litani River (a territory known as Amqu), and eastward into upper Mesopotamia. After ca. 1180 BC, the empire disintegrated into several independent "Neo-Hittite" city-states, some surviving until as late as the 8th century BC.

Hittite Women

An illustration of two Hittite women sitting. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke…

Pagurus bernhardus is the common marine hermit crab of Europe's Atlantic coasts. It is sometimes referred to as the common hermit crab or soldier crab. It is about 3½ cm long ,and is found in both rocky and sandy areas, from the Arctic waters of Iceland, Svalbard and Russia as far south as southern Portugal, but its range does not extend as far as the Mediterranean Sea.

Hermit Crab

Pagurus bernhardus is the common marine hermit crab of Europe's Atlantic coasts. It is sometimes referred…

The Temple of Debod is an ancient Egyptian temple which was rebuilt in Madrid, Spain. The temple was built originally 15 km south of Aswan in southern Egypt very close to the first cataract of the Nile and to the great religious center dedicated to the goddess Isis, in Philæ.

Great Temple at the Island of Philæ

The Temple of Debod is an ancient Egyptian temple which was rebuilt in Madrid, Spain. The temple was…

An illustration of a crwth on a 14th century seal. The crwth (in English crowd) is an archaic stringed musical instrument, associated particularly with Welsh music, although once played widely in Europe

Crwth on a Seal

An illustration of a crwth on a 14th century seal. The crwth (in English crowd) is an archaic stringed…

Annual Honesty (Lunaria annua) is a tall (height about 1 m), hairy-stemmed biennial plant found throughout Europe, North America, and parts of Asia. It has large, pointed oval leaves with marked serrations. The common name "Honesty" arose in the 16th century, and it may be due to the translucent seed-pods which are like flattened pea-pods and borne on the plant through winter. In South-East Asia and elsewhere, it is called the Money Plant, because its seed pods have the appearance of silver coins. In the United States it may also be known as "Silver Dollars," also because of the seed pods.

Annual Honesty

Annual Honesty (Lunaria annua) is a tall (height about 1 m), hairy-stemmed biennial plant found throughout…

The riddle in this "Riddle-seal of Oxford" is an 'ox' crossing a 'ford.' "A seal which contains a rebus, riddle, or other descriptive device." -Whitney, 1911

Riddle Seal

The riddle in this "Riddle-seal of Oxford" is an 'ox' crossing a 'ford.' "A seal which contains a rebus,…